1、ICS 75.180.20NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPetroleum,petrochemical andnatural gas industries Flare details forgeneral refinery andpetrochemical service(ISO 25457:2008)BS EN ISO25457:2008 Incorporating corrigendum July 2015National forewordThis
2、British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 25457:2008.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PSE/17, Materials and equipment for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, to Subcommittee PSE/17/-/6, Processing equipment and systems for petrol
3、eum and natural gas industries.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standa
4、rd cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN ISO 25457:2008This British Standard waspublished under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 28 February2009Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 July 2015 Links to data sheets in Annex E updatedIS
5、BN 978 0 580 89538 8 The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 25457December 2008ICS 75.180.20English VersionPetroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Flaredetails for general refinery and petrochem
6、ical service (ISO25457:2008)Industries du ptrole, de la ptrochimie et du gaz naturel -Dtails sur les torches dusage gnral dans les raffinerieset dans les usines ptrochimiques (ISO 25457:2008)Erdl-, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie - Fackeln frden allgemeinen Betrieb in Raffinerien undpetrochemisch
7、en Service (ISO 25457:2008)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 December 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lis
8、ts and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the respon
9、sibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icelan
10、d, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassa
11、rt, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 25457:2008: E3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 25457:2008) has been pre pared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Materials,equipment and offshore structure
12、s for petroleum and natural gas industries“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status ofa nationa
13、l standard, either by publication of an identical text or byendorsement, at the latest by June 2009, and conflicting national st andards shall be withdrawn atthe latest by June 2009.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
14、CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any orall such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, CzechRep
15、ublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 25457:2008 has be
16、en approved by CEN as a EN ISO 25457:2008 without any modification.BS EN ISO 25457:2008 EN ISO 25457:2008 (E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .v Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Design.8 4.1 Introduction8 4.2 System design .10 4.3 Pr
17、ocess definition .10 4.4 Types of flares .11 4.5 Flare burners13 4.6 Mechanical design.13 4.7 Pilots.14 4.8 Pilot-ignition systems .16 4.9 Pilot-flame detection .16 4.10 Piping17 4.11 Auxiliary components.17 5 Mechanical details Elevated flares18 5.1 Mechanical design Design loads 18 5.2 Design deta
18、ils 21 5.3 Materials of construction22 5.4 Welding.22 5.5 Inspection.23 5.6 Surface preparation and protection 23 5.7 Attachments.23 5.8 Aircraft warning lighting.24 5.9 Platforms and ladders.24 6 Mechanical details Enclosed-flame flare25 6.1 Combustion chamber25 6.2 Burners.25 6.3 Burner piping .26
19、 6.4 Pilots.26 6.5 Wind fence .27 6.6 Radiation shielding .27 Annex A (informative) Flare equipment overview28 A.1 Types of flares and components .28 A.2 Flare burner42 A.3 Pilots.53 A.4 Ignition equipment 58 A.5 Flame-detection equipment68 A.6 Verification test72 A.7 Purge-gas conservation seals .7
20、3 A.8 Knockout drums and liquid seals75 A.9 Blowers and drivers 76 A.10 Blower staging and control equipment.80 A.11 Pressure-staging equipment84 A.12 Flow and pressure sensing equipment.88 Annex B (informative) Components of multi-burner staged flare equipment 90 BS EN ISO 25457:2008 ISO 25457:2008
21、 (E)iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedB.1 Burners .90 B.2 Pilots .91 B.3 Ignition equipment.91 B.4 Flame-detection equipment91 B.5 Buoyancy and velocity seals91 B.6 Manifolds 92 B.7 Operations 92 B.8 Maintenance .92 B.9 Troubleshooting.92 Annex C (informative) Enclosed-flame flares.93 C.1 Purpose.93 C.
22、2 General description .93 C.3 Operating considerations for enclosed-flame flares .100 C.4 Maintenance .104 C.5 Troubleshooting.105 Annex D (informative) Instructions for flare data sheets 106 D.1 Introduction106 D.2 General information forms Instructions .108 D.3 Elevated-flare forms Instructions114
23、 D.4 Enclosed-flare forms Instructions.116 Annex E (informative) Flare data sheets.118 E.1 SI units 118 E.2 USC units118 Bibliography 119 BS EN ISO 25457:2008 ISO 25457:2008 (E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
24、of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. I
25、nternational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with
26、 the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approva
27、l by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 25457 was prepared by Technical Committee
28、 ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing equipment and systems. BS EN ISO 25457:2008 ISO 25457:2008 (E)vi ISO 2008 All rights reservedIntroduction Users of this International Standard should be awa
29、re that further or differing requirements may be needed for individual applications. This International Standard is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering, or the purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application. This may be particularly
30、 applicable where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, the vendor should identify any variations from this International Standard and provide details. In International Standards, the SI system of units is used. Where practical in this International Standard,
31、 US Customary units are included in brackets for information. A bullet (z) at the beginning of a clause or subclause indicates that either a decision is required or further information is to be provided by the purchaser. This information should be indicated on data sheets (see examples in Annex E) o
32、r stated in the enquiry or purchase order. BS EN ISO 25457:2008 ISO 25457:2008 (E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25457:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries Flare details for general refinery and petrochemical service 1 Scope This International Standar
33、d specifies requirements and provides guidance for the selection, design, specification, operation and maintenance of flares and related combustion and mechanical components used in pressure-relieving and vapour-depressurizing systems for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. Although
34、 this International Standard is primarily intended for new flares and related equipment, it is also possible to use it to evaluate existing flare facilities. Annexes A, B and C provide further guidance and best practices for the selection, specification and mechanical details for flares and on the d
35、esign, operation and maintenance of flare combustion and related equipment. Annex D explains how to use the data sheets provided in Annex E; it is intended that these data sheets be used to communicate and record design information. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indis
36、pensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1461, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles Specifications an
37、d test methods ISO 2408:2004, Steel wire ropes for general purposes Minimum requirements ISO 8501-1:2007, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products Visual assessment of surface cleanliness Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates
38、 and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings ISO 10684, Fasteners Hot dip galvanized coatings ISO 13705:2006, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries Fired heaters for general refinery service ISO 15156 (all parts), Petroleum and natural gas industries Materials fo
39、r use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production ISO 23251, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries Pressure-relieving and depressuring systems EN 1092-1:2007, Flanges and their joints Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN designated Part 1: Steel
40、 flanges 2 ISO 2008 All rights reservedEN 10264-2:20021), Steel wire and wire products Steel wire for ropes Part 2: Cold drawn non alloy steel wire for ropes for general applications EN 12385-10, Steel wire ropes Safety Part 10: Spiral ropes for general structural applications API RP 2A WSD:20002),
41、Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms Working Stress Design ASME B16.5-20033), Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings ASME STS-1, Steel Stacks ASTM A 123/A123M4), Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products ASTM
42、 A 143/A143M, Standard Practice for Safeguarding Against Embrittlement of Hot-Dip Galvanized Structural Steel Products and Procedure for Detecting Embrittlement ASTM A 153/A153M, Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware ASTM A 384/A384M, Standard Practice for Safe
43、guarding Against Warpage and Distortion During Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Steel Assemblies ASTM A 385, Standard Practice for Providing High-Quality Zinc Coatings (Hot-Dip) ASTM A 475-03, Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Wire Strand ASTM A 586-04, Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated Parall
44、el and Helical Steel Wire Structural Strand ASTM B 633, Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel NACE MR0103:075), Materials Resistant to Sulfide Stress Cracking in Corrosive Petroleum Refining Environments SSPC SP 6/NACE No. 36), Joint Surface Preparation Stand
45、ard: Commercial Blast Cleaning 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 air seal purge reduction device device used to minimize or eliminate the intrusion of air back into the riser from the exit EXAMPLE Buoyancy seal, orifice seal, ve
46、locity seal. 1) Comit Europen de Normalisation, 36, rue de Stassart, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. 2) American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005, USA. 3) American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA. 4) American Society for Testing and M
47、aterials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA. 5) NACE International, P.O. Box 218340, Houston, TX 77218-8340, USA. 6) The Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Street, 6th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4643, USA. BS EN ISO 25457:2008 ISO 25457:2008 (E) ISO 2008 All rights
48、reserved 33.2 assist gas fuel gas that is added to relief gas prior to the flare burner or at the point of combustion in order to raise the heating value NOTE In some designs, the assist gas can increase turbulence for improved combustion. 3.3 back blowing procedure by which the dry air seal drain l
49、ine is blown back from the base of the drain into the buoyancy seal to ensure the line is clear 3.4 blowoff loss of a stable flame where the flame is lifted above the burner, which occurs when the fuel velocity exceeds the flame velocity 3.5 buoyancy seal diffusion seal dry vapour seal that minimizes the required purge gas needed to protect from air infiltration NOTE The buoyancy seal functions by trapping a volume of light gas in an internal inverted compartment that prevents air from displacing buoyan
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