EN ISO 80000-1-2013 en Quantities and units - Part 1 General《量和单位 第1部分 总则》.pdf

1、ICS 01.060NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDQuantities and unitsPart 1: GeneralIncorporating corrigendumOctober 2011BS EN ISO80000-1:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 80000-1:2013. It is identical to ISO

2、80000-1:2009, incorporating corrigendum October 2011. It supersedes BS ISO 80000-1:2009, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SS/7, General metrology, quantities, units and symbols.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be

3、 obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN ISO 80000-1:2013This British Standar

4、d was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2010. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 April 2012 Implementation of ISO corrigendum October 2

5、011. Example 2 in Clause 7.4 has been amended.31 May 2013 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 80000-1:2009 as BS EN ISO 80000-1:2013ISBN 978 0 580 79017 1EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 80000-1 April 2013 ICS 01.060 English Version Quantities and units - Part 1: General (ISO 8

6、0000-1:2009 + Cor 1:2011) Grandeurs et units - Partie 1: Gnralits (ISO 80000-1:2009 + Cor 1:2011) Gren und Einheiten - Teil 1: Allgemeines (ISO 80000-1:2009 + Cor 1:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 March 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regula

7、tions which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member

8、. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN

9、 members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, P

10、ortugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and b

11、y any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 80000-1:2013: E2 Foreword The text of ISO 80000-1:2009 + Cor 1:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 12 “Quantities and units” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over a

12、s EN ISO 80000-1:2013. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2013. Attention is drawn to the

13、possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countri

14、es are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Polan

15、d, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 80000-1:2009 + Cor 1:2011 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 80000-1:2013 without any modification. EN BS EN ISO 80000-1:2013 ISO 80000-1:2013 (E) ISO 20 iiiContent

16、s Page Foreword iv Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Quantities .11 5 Dimensions 14 6 Units14 7 Printing rules .22 Annex A (normative) Terms in names for physical quantities.31 Annex B (normative) Rounding of numbers 35 Annex C (normative) Logarithmic quant

17、ities and their units .37 Annex D (informative) International organizations in the field of quantities and units.39 Bibliography41 13BS EN ISO 80000-1:2013 ISO 80000-1:2009 (E)iv ISO 2013Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

18、 bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organiza

19、tions, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in t

20、he ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of

21、 the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of ISO 80000-1 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 80000-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 12, Quantitie

22、s and units in co-operation with IEC/TC 25, Quantities and units. This first edition of ISO 80000-1 cancels and replaces ISO 31-0:1992 and ISO 1000:1992. It also incorporates the Amendments ISO 31-0:1992/Amd.1:1998, ISO 31-0:1992/Amd.2:2005 and ISO 1000:1992/Amd.1:1998. The major technical changes f

23、rom the previous standard are the following: the structure has been changed to emphasize that quantities come first and units then follow; definitions in accordance with ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 have been added; Annexes A and B have become normative; a new normative Annex C has been added. ISO 80000 co

24、nsists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units: Part 1: General Part 2: Mathematical signs and symbols to be used in the natural sciences and technology Part 3: Space and time Part 4: Mechanics Part 5: Thermodynamics Part 7: Light Part 8: Acoustics Part 9: Physical chemi

25、stry and molecular physics Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics Part 11: Characteristic numbers Part 12: Solid state physics BS EN ISO 80000-1:2013 ISO 80000-1:2009 (E) ISO vIEC 80000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units: Part 6: Electromagnetism Part 13: Info

26、rmation science and technology Part 14: Telebiometrics related to human physiology 2013BS EN ISO 80000-1:2013 ISO 80000-1:2009 (E)vi ISO 2013Introduction 0.1 Quantities Systems of quantities and systems of units can be treated in many consistent, but different, ways. Which treatment to use is only a

27、 matter of convention. The presentation given in this International Standard is the one that is the basis for the International System of Units, the SI (from the French: Systme international dunits), adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures, the CGPM (from the French: Confrence gnra

28、le des poids et mesures). The quantities and relations among the quantities used here are those almost universally accepted for use throughout the physical sciences. They are presented in the majority of scientific textbooks today and are familiar to all scientists and technologists. NOTE For electr

29、ic and magnetic units in the CGS-ESU, CGS-EMU1)and Gaussian systems, there is a difference in the systems of quantities by which they are defined. In the CGS-ESU system, the electric constant 0(the permittivity of vacuum) is defined to be equal to 1, i.e. of dimension one; in the CGS-EMU system, the

30、 magnetic constant 0(permeability of vacuum) is defined to be equal to 1, i.e. of dimension one, in contrast to those quantities in the ISQ where they are not of dimension one. The Gaussian system is related to the CGS-ESU and CGS-EMU systems and there are similar complications. In mechanics, Newton

31、s law of motion in its general form is written F = cma. In the old technical system, MKS2), c = 1/gn, where gnis the standard acceleration of free fall; in the ISQ, c = 1. The quantities and the relations among them are essentially infinite in number and are continually evolving as new fields of sci

32、ence and technology are developed. Thus, it is not possible to list all these quantities and relations in this International Standard; instead, a selection of the more commonly used quantities and the relations among them is presented. It is inevitable that some readers working in particular special

33、ized fields may find that the quantities they are interested in using may not be listed in this International Standard or in another International Standard. However, provided that they can relate their quantities to more familiar examples that are listed, this will not prevent them from defining uni

34、ts for their quantities. Most of the units used to express values of quantities of interest were developed and used long before the concept of a system of quantities was developed. Nonetheless, the relations among the quantities, which are simply the equations of the physical sciences, are important

35、, because in any system of units the relations among the units play an important role and are developed from the relations among the corresponding quantities. The system of quantities, including the relations among them the quantities used as the basis of the units of the SI, is named the Internatio

36、nal System of Quantities, denoted “ISQ”, in all languages. This name was not used in ISO 31, from which the present harmonized series has evolved. However, ISQ does appear in ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 and in the SI Brochure 8, Edition 8:2006. In both cases, this was to ensure consistency with the new Qu

37、antities and units series that was under preparation at the time they were published; it had already been announced that the new term would be used. It should be realized, however, that ISQ is simply a convenient notation to assign to the essentially infinite and continually evolving and expanding s

38、ystem of quantities and equations on which all of modern science and technology rests. ISQ is a shorthand notation for the “system of quantities on which the SI is based”, which was the phrase used for this system in ISO 31. 1) CGS = centimetre-gram-second; ESU = electrostatic units; EMU = electroma

39、gnetic units. 2) MKS = metre-kilogram-second. BS EN ISO 80000-1:2013 ISO 80000-1:2009 (E) ISO 20 vii0.2 Units A system of units is developed by first defining a set of base units for a small set of corresponding base quantities and then defining derived units as products of powers of the base units

40、corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. In this International Standard and in the SI, there are seven base quantities and seven base units. The base quantities are length, mass, time, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of subst

41、ance, and luminous intensity. The corresponding base units are the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela, respectively. The definitions of these base units, and their practical realization, are at the heart of the SI and are the responsibility of the advisory committees of the I

42、nternational Committee for Weights and Measures, the CIPM (from the French: Comit international des poids et mesures). The current definitions of the base units, and advice for their practical realization, are presented in the SI Brochure 8, published by and obtainable from the International Bureau

43、of Weights and Measures, the BIPM (from the French: Bureau international des poids et mesures). Note that in contrast to the base units, each of which has a specific definition, the base quantities are simply chosen by convention and no attempt is made to define them otherwise then operationally. 0.

44、3 Realizing the values of units To realize the value of a unit is to use the definition of the unit to make measurements that compare the value of some quantity of the same kind as the unit with the value of the unit. This is the essential step in making measurements of the value of any quantity in

45、science. Realizing the values of the base units is of particular importance. Realizing the values of derived units follows in principle from realizing the base units. There may be many different ways for the practical realization of the value of a unit, and new methods may be developed as science ad

46、vances. Any method consistent with the laws of physics could be used to realize any SI unit. Nonetheless, it is often helpful to review experimental methods for realizing the units, and the CIPM recommends such methods, which are presented as part of the SI Brochure. 0.4 Arrangement of the tables In

47、 parts 3 to 14 of this International Standard, the quantities and relations among them, which are a subset of the ISQ, are given on the left-hand pages, and the units of the SI (and some other units) are given on the right-hand pages. Some additional quantities and units are also given on the left-h

48、and and right-hand pages, respectively. The item numbers of quantities are written pp-nn.s (pp, part number; nn, running number in the part, respectively; s, sub-number). The item numbers of units are written pp-nn.l (pp, part number; nn, running number in the part, respectively; l, sub-letter). 13B

49、S EN ISO 80000-1:2013 ISO 80000-1:2009 (E)BS EN ISO 80000-1:2013 ISO 80000-1:2009 (E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20 1Quantities and units Part 1: General 1 Scope ISO 80000-1 gives general information and definitions concerning quantities, systems of quantities, units, quantity and unit symbols, and coherent unit systems, especially the International System of Quantities, ISQ, and the International System of Units, SI. The principles laid down in ISO 80000-1 are intended for general use within the various fields of scie