EN ISO 80000-3-2013 en Quantities and units - Part 3 Space and time《量和单位 第3部分 空间和时间》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARDQuantities and units Part 3: Space and timeICS 01.060nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnu

2、llnull nullnullnullBS EN ISO80000-3:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 80000-3:2013. It is identical to ISO 80000-3:2006. It supersedes BS ISO 80000-3:2007, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SS/7

3、, General metrology, quantities, units and symbols.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance w

4、ith a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN ISO 80000-3:2013This British Standard waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Policy andStrategy Committeeon 31 October 2007 The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013Amendments/c

5、orrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 June 2013 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 80000-3:2007 as BS EN ISO 80000-3:2013ISBN 978 0 580 79019 5EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 80000-3 April 2013 ICS 01.060 English Version Quantities and units - Part 3: Space and t

6、ime (ISO 80000-3:2006) Grandeurs et units - Partie 3: Espace et temps (ISO 80000-3:2006) Gren und Einheiten - Teil 3: Raum und Zeit (ISO 80000-3:2006) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 March 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulat

7、e the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Stan

8、dard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the nat

9、ional standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sl

10、ovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved

11、 worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 80000-3:2013: EForeword The text of ISO 80000-3:2006 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 12 “Quantities and units” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 80000-3:2013. This Europea

12、n Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elemen

13、ts of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Euro

14、pean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slo

15、venia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 80000-3:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 80000-3:2013 without any modification. iiBS EN ISO 80000-3:2013 ISO 80000-3:2013 (E)EN Contents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1Scope 12Normative referen

16、ces 13Names, symbols and definitions 1AnnexA(informative) Units in the CGS system with special names 16AnnexB(informative) Units based on the foot, pound, second, and some other related units .17AnnexC(informative) Other non-SI units given forinformation, especially regarding the conversion factors

17、. 19vBS EN ISO 80000-3:2013 ISO 80000-3:2006 (E)ivForewordISO (the International Organization forStandardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each mem

18、berbody interested in a subject for which a technical committee has beenestablished has the right to be represented on that committee.International organizations,governmental andnon-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrot

19、echnical Commission (IE C)on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by th

20、e technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodiescasting a vote.Attentionis drawn tothe possibilitythat someof the elements of this documentmay bethe subjectofpatentrights. ISO shall n

21、ot be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO80000-3 was prepared byTechnical Committee ISO/TC12, Quantities, units,symbols, conversion factors ,in collaboration with IEC/TC25,Quantities and units, and their letter symbols.This first edition cancels and replacesthe second

22、edition of ISO31-1:1992 and of ISO31-2:1992. The majortechnical changes from the previous standards are the following:the presentation of numerical statements has been changed;the remark on logarithmic quantities and their units in the Introduction has been changed;the normative references have been

23、 changed;the quantities radial distance, position vector, displacement and rotation have been added to the list ofquantities.ISO80000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units: Part1:General Part2:Mathematical signs and symbols foruse in the natural sciences and t

24、echnology Part3:Space and time Part4:Mechanics Part5:Thermodynamics Part7:Light Part8:Acoustics Part9:Physical chemistry and molecular physics Part10:Atomic and nuclearphysics Part11:Characteristic numbers Part12:Solid state physicsIEC80000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Qu

25、antities and units: Part6: Electromagnetism Part13: Information science and technology Part14: Telebiometrics related to human physiologyBS EN ISO 80000-3:2013 ISO 80000-3:2006 (E)v iiIntroduction0.1 Arrangement of the tablesThe tables of quantities and units in this International Standard are arran

26、ged so that the quantities arepresented on the left-hand pages and the units on the corresponding right-hand pages.All units between two full lines onthe right-hand pages belong to the quantities between the corresponding fulllines on the left-hand pages.Where the numbering of an item has been chang

27、ed in the revision of a part of ISO31, the number in thepreceding edition is shown in parenthesison the left-hand page underthe new number for thequantity; a dashisused to indicate that the item in question did not appear in the preceding edition.0.2 Tables of quantitiesThe names in English and in F

28、rench of the most important quantities within the field of this InternationalStandard are given together with theirsymbols and, in most cases, their definitions. These names and symbolsare recommendations. The definitions are given foridentification of the quantities in the International System ofQu

29、antities (ISQ), listed on the left-hand pages of the table; they are not intended to be complete.The scalar, vectorial or tensorial character of quantities is pointed out, especially when this is needed for thedefinitions.In most cases only one name and only one symbol for the quantity are given; wh

30、ere two or more names or twoor moresymbols are given for one quantity and no special distinction ismade,they are on an equal footing.When two types of italicletters exist (for example as with and ; and ; a and ; g and ) only one of theseis given. This does not mean that the other is not equally acce

31、ptable. It is not recommended to give suchvariants different meanings.Asymbolwithin parenthesis implies that itis a reservesymbol, to be used when, ina particular context, the main symbol is in use with a different meaning.In this English edition, thequantity names in Frenchareprinted inan italic fo

32、nt, and are preceded byfr. Thegender of the French name is indicated by (m) for male and (f) for female, immediately after the noun in theFrench name.0.3 Tables of units0.3.1 GeneralThe names ofunits forthe corresponding quantitiesaregiven togetherwith the international symbols and thedefinitions.Th

33、ese unit names are language-dependent, but the symbols are international and the same in alllanguages. For further information, see the SI Brochure (7th edition 1998) from BIPM andISO80000-1 1).The units are arranged in the following way.a) The coherent SI units are given first. The SI units have be

34、en adopted by the General Conference onWeights and Measures (Confrence Gnrale des Poids et Mesures, CGPM). The use of coherent SI units1) To be published. agBS EN ISO 80000-3:2013 ISO 80000-3:2006 (E)viiiis recommended; decimal multiples and submultiples formed with the SIprefixes are recommended ev

35、enthough not explicitly mentioned.b) Some non-SI units are then given, being those accepted by the International Committee forWeights andMeasures(Comit International des Poids et Mesures, CIPM),or bythe International Organization of LegalMetrology(Organisation Internationalede Mtrologie Lgale, OIML)

36、, or by ISO andIEC, for use with the SI.Such units are separated from the SI units in the item by use of a broken line between the SI units and theother units.c) Non-SI units currently accepted b y the CIPM for use with the SI are given in small print (smaller than the textsize) in the “Conversion f

37、actors and remarks” column.d) Non-SI units thatare not recommended are given only in annexes in some partsofthis InternationalStandard. These annexes are informative, in the first place for the conversion factors, and are not integralparts of the standard. These deprecated units are arranged in two

38、groups:1) units in the CGS system with s pecial names;2) units based on the foot, pound, second, and some other related units.e) Othernon-SIunits givenforinformation, especially regardingthe conversion factors, are givenin anotherinformative annex.0.3.2 Remark on units for quantities of dimension on

39、e, or dimensionless quantitiesThe coherent unit for any quantity of dimension one, also called a dimensionless quantity, is the number one,symbol1. When the value of such a quantity is expressed, the unit symbol1 is generally not written outexplicitly.EXAMPLE Refractive indexPrefixes shall not be us

40、ed to form multiples or submultiples of the unit one. Instead of prefixes, powers of 10 arerecommended.EXAMPLE Reynolds number Considering that plane angle is generally expressed as the ratio of two lengths and solid angle as the ratio oftwoareas, in 1995 the CGPMspecified that, in the SI, the radia

41、n, symbol rad, and steradian, symbol sr, aredimensionless derived units. This implies that the quantities plane angle and solid angle are considered asderived quantities of dimension one. The units radian and steradian are thus equal to one; they may either beomitted, or they may be used in expressi

42、ons for derived units to facilitate distinction between quantities ofdifferent kind but having the same dimension.0.4Numericalstatements in this International StandardThe sign isused to denote “is exactly equal to”, the sign is used to denote “is approximately equal to”, andthe sign is used to denot

43、e “is by definition equal to”.Numerical values of physical quantities that have beenexperimentally determined always have an associatedmeasurement uncertainty. This uncertainty should always be specified. In this International Standard, themagnitude of the uncertainty isrepresented as in the followi

44、ng example.EXAMPLEIn this example, the numerical value of the uncertainty indicated in parentheses is assumed toapply to the last (and least significant) digits of the numerical value of the length . This notationisused whenrepresents the standard uncertainty (estimatedstandard deviation) inthe last

45、 digits of . The numericalexample given above may be interpreted to mean that the best estimateof thenumerical valueof thelength (when is expressed in the unit metre) is and that the unknown value of is believed to lie betweenand , with a probability determined by the standarduncertainty and the pro

46、bability distribution of the values of .n = 1,53 1 = 1,53Re = 1,32 103= :=l = 2,34782( 32) ml = a ( b ) m bball 2,34782, l(2,34782 0,00032)m(2,34782+ 0,00032)m0,00032m lBS EN ISO 80000-3:2013 ISO 80000-3:2006 (E)i0.5 Remark on logarithmic quantities and their unitsThe expressionfor the time dependen

47、ce of a damped harmonic oscillation can bewritteneitherin realnotationor as the real part of a complex notationThis simple relation involving and can be obtained only when e (base of natural logarithms)is used asthebase of the exponential function. The coherent SI unit for the damping coefficient an

48、d the angular frequencyis second to the power minus one, symbols1. Using the special names neper, symbol Np,and radian,symbol rad, for the units of and , respectively, the units for and become neper per second, symbolNp/s, and radian per second, symbol rad/s, respectively.The corresponding variation

49、 in space istreated in the same mannerwhere the unit for is neperper metre, symbol Np/m, and the unit for is radian per metre, symbol rad/m.The taking of logarithms of complex quantities is usefully ca rried out only with the natural logarithm. In thisInternational Standard, the level of a field quantity is therefore d efined by convention as the naturallogarithm of a ratio of the field quantity and a reference value , , in accordance with decisionsbyCIPMand OIML. Since a field quantity is defined as a quantity whose square is proportional to pow