1、ETSI TR 1 O1 496-3 1.1.2 (2001-05) Technical Repor Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Guidelines and rules for implementation and operation; Part 3: Broadcast network 2 ETSI TR 101 496-3 VI .I .2 (2001-05) Reference RTR/JTC- DAB-8-3 R 1 Keywords audio, broadcast, broadcasting, DAB, digital ETSI 650 R
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6、ean Telecommunications Standards Institute 2001. O European Broadcasting Union 2001. All rights reserved. ETSI 3 ETSI TR 101 496-3 VI . 1 . 2 (2001-05) Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5 Foreword . 5 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 4 4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.2.1 4.3.2.2 4.3.2.3 4.3.2.4 4
7、.3.2.5 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.5.1 4.3.5.2 4.3.5.3 4.3.6 4.3.6.1 4.3.6.2 4.3.6.3 4.3.6.4 4.3.6.5 4.3.6.6 4.3.7 4.3.8 4.3.8.1 4.3.8.2 4.3.9 4.3.10 4.3.10.1 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.3.1 4.4.3.2 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 Scope 6 References 6 Definitions. symbols and abbreviations . 6 Definitions
8、 6 Symbols 8 Abbreviations . 8 Implementation and Operation of the DAB Broadcast Network . 10 10 10 10 10 Network Interfaces 11 Building the DAB Signal . 11 Introduction . 11 The Service Provider 11 Source Coding for Audio Flows 13 Source coding for Data Flows . 13 Service Component Multiplexing . 1
9、3 The Service Component Database 13 The Service Controller 13 The Service Transport Interface 14 Cascading of Service Provision 14 The Ensemble Provider . 14 Ensemble Multiplexing . 14 The Ensemble Database 15 The Ensemble Controller 15 The Ensemble Transport Interface 15 Using the ET1 15 ET1 Capaci
10、ty . 16 Ensemble Transport Network Performance 16 Signalling in the ET1 . 17 Monitoring in the ET1 . 17 Use of time-stamps 17 Cascading of Ensemble Provision 18 The Transmission Network Provider 18 Signal Distribution in the Transmission Network . 18 COFDM Generation 19 Signal Timing and Synchroniza
11、tion 19 Multiplex Reconfiguration - Network Issues 20 A cautionary note 20 Strategies for Signal Distribution . 20 Introduction . 20 Local Connections 20 Terrestrial Distribution . 21 Terrestrial Distribution, STI 21 Terrestrial Distribution, ET1 21 Satellite Distribution . 21 The conceptual DAB Bro
12、adcast Network . . Sharing the Distribution Network 22 Some Real Examples 22 22 22 22 ETSI 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.3.1 5.3.3.2 5.3.3.3 5.3.4 5.3.5 5.3.6 5.3.7 5.3.7.1 5.3.7.2 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.2.1 5.4.2.2 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.2.1 5.5.2.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.5.5 5.5.6 5.5.6.1 5.5.6.2 5.5.6.3 5.5
13、.6.4 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 5.6.4 History 4 ETSI TR 101 496-3 VI .I .2 (2001-05) 5 The Transmitted Signal 25 Introduction. .25 Overview . Channel coding and modulation OFDM modulation Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notijied to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the
14、 ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (-). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR O00 3 14 (or the updates on the E
15、TSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by Joint Technical Committee (JTC) Broadcast of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comit Europen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique (CENELEC) and the Europ
16、ean Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). NOTE 1: The EBU/ETSI JTC Broadcast was established in 1990 to Co-ordinate the drafting of standards in the specific field of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC Broadcast became a tripartite body by including in the Memorandum of Und
17、erstanding also CENELEC, which is responsible for the standardization of radio and television receivers. The EBU is a professional association of broadcasting organizations whose work includes the Co-ordination of its members activities in the technical, legal, programme-making and programme-exchang
18、e domains. The EBU has active members in about 60 countries in the European broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Geneva. European Broadcasting Union CH-I218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva) Switzerland Tel: +41 22 717 21 11 Fax: +41 22 717 24 81 The Eureka Project 147 was established in 1987, with fundi
19、ng from the European Commission, to develop a system for the broadcasting of audio and data to fixed, portable or mobile receivers. Their work resulted in the publication of European Standard, EN 300 401 i, for DAB (see note 2) which now has worldwide acceptance. The members of the Eureka Project 14
20、7 are drawn from broadcasting organizations and telecommunication providers together with companies from the professional and consumer electronics industry. NOTE 2: DAB is a registered trademark owned by one of the Eureka Project 147 partners. The present document is part 3 of a multi-part deliverab
21、le covering Guidelines and rules for implementation and operation for Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), as identified below: Part 1 : “System outline“; Part 2: “System features“; Part 3: “Broadcast network“. ETSI 6 ETSI TR 101 496-3 VI .I .2 (2001-05) 1 Scope The present document is Part 3 of the Gu
22、idelines and Rules of Implementation and Operation for the Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system. It focuses on the broadcast network. The guidelines have been developed by the Eureka Project 147 as the major companion document to the DAB system specification given in EN 300 401 i . They are inten
23、ded to provide additional information to aid interpretation of the on-air signal and to assist broadcasters and manufacturers to implement systems using the specification features as intended. TR 101 496-1 8 focuses on the system outline and TR 101 496-2 9 gives a detailed description of the system
24、features. 2 Refe re nces For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR), the following references apply: il ETSI EN 300 401: “Radio Broadcasting Systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile, portable and fixed receivers“. ETSI EN 300 797: “Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Distribution interf
25、aces; Service Transport Interface (STI)“. ETSI ETS 300 799: “Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Distribution interfaces; Ensemble Transport Interface (ETI)“. ETSI EN 300 798: “Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Distribution interfaces; Digital baseband In-phase and Quadrature (DIQ) Interface“. ETSI EN
26、 301 234: “Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Multimedia Object Transfer (MOT) protocol“. ETSI TR 101 758: “Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Signal strengths and receiver parameters; Targets for typical operation“. ITU-T Recommendation G.704: “Synchronous frame structures used at 1544,63 12,2048, 84
27、48 and 44 736 kbit/s hierarchical levels“. 21 31 41 51 61 71 SI ETSI TR 101 496-1: “Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Guidelines and rules for implementation and operation; Part 1 : System outline“. ETSI TR 101 496-2: “Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Guidelines and rules for implementation and ope
28、ration; Part 2: System features“. ITU-T Recommendation G.703 : “Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces“. 91 lo1 111 ISO/IEC 11 172-3: “Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s - Part 3: Audio“. EN 50248: “Chara
29、cteristics of DAB receivers“. 121 3 3.1 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations De fin it ions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: Access Control System (ACS): particular set of rules for managing entitlement checking and conditional access messages au
30、dio bit stream: sequence of consecutive audio frames ETSI 7 ETSI TR 101 496-3 VI .I .2 (2001-05) audio mode: audio coding system provides single channel, dual channel, stereo and joint stereo audio modes In each mode, the complete audio signal is encoded as one audio bit stream. Capacity Unit (CU):
31、smallest addressable unit (64 bits) of the Common Interleaved Frame (CIF) Common Interleaved Frame (CIF): serial digital output from the main service multiplexer which is contained in the Main Service Channel part of the transmission frame It is common to all transmission modes and contains 55 296 b
32、its (i.e. 864 CUs). convolutional coding: coding procedure which generates redundancy in the transmitted data stream in order to provide ruggedness against transmission distortions DAB audio frame: same as audio frame, but includes all specific DAB audio-related information DAB transmission signal:
33、transmitted radio frequency signal ensemble: transmitted signal, comprising a set of regularly and closely-spaced orthogonal carriers The ensemble is the entity which is received and processed. In general, it contains programme and data services. Equal Error Protection (EEP): error protection proced
34、ure which ensure a constant protection of the bit stream Extended Programme Associated Data (X-PAD): extended part of the PAD carried towards the end of the DAB audio frame, immediately before the Scale Factor Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Its length is variable. Fast Information Block (FIB): data b
35、urst of 256 bits The sequence of FIBS is carried by the Fast Information Channel. The structure of the FIB is common to all transmission modes. Fast Information Channel (PIC): part of the transmission frame, comprising the Fast Information Blocks, which contains the multiplex configuration informati
36、on together with optional service Information and data service components Fast Information Group (FIG): package of data used for one application in the Fast Information Channel Eight different types are available to provide a classification of the applications. Fixed Programme Associated Data (F-PAD
37、): fixed part of the PAD contained in the last two bytes of the DAB audio frame logical frame: data burst, contributing to the contents of a sub-channel, during a time interval of 24 ms For example, data bursts at the output of an audio encoder, a Conditional Access scrambler and a convolutional enc
38、oder are referred to as logical frames. The number of bits contained in a specific logical frame depends on the stage in the encoding process and the bit rate associated with the sub-channel. Main Service Channel (MSC): channel which occupies the major part of the transmission frame and which carrie
39、s all the digital audio service components, together with possible supporting and additional data service components Multiplex Configuration Information (MCI): information defining the configuration of the multiplex It contains the current (and in the case of an imminent re-configuration, the forthc
40、oming) details about the services, service components and sub-channels and the linking between these objects. It is carried in the FIC in order that a receiver may interpret this information in advance of the service components carried in the Main Service Channel. It also includes identification of
41、the ensemble itself and a date and time marker. null symbol: first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbol of the transmission frame OFDM symbol: transmitted signal for that portion of time when the modulating phase state is held constant on each of the equi-spaced, equal amplitude car
42、riers in the ensemble Each carrier is four-phase differentially modulated from one symbol to another, giving a gross bit rate of two bits per carrier per symbol. Programme Associated Data (PAD): information which is related to the audio data in terms of contents and synchronization The PAD field is
43、located at the end of the DAB audio frame. protection level: level speciSling the degree of protection, provided by the convolutional coding, against transmission errors ETSI 8 ETSI TR 101 496-3 VI .I .2 (2001-05) protection profile: defies the scheme of convolutional coding applied service: user-se
44、lectable output which can be either a programme service or a data service service component: part of a service which carries either audio (including PAD) or data The service components of a given service are linked together by the Multiplex Configuration Information. Each service component is carrie
45、d either in a sub-channel or in the Fast Information Data Channel. Service Identifier (SId): 16- or 32-bit code used to identiSl a particular service Service Information (SI): auxiliary information about services, such as service labels and programme type codes Single Frequency Network (SFN): networ
46、k of DAB transmitters sharing the same radio frequency to achieve a large area coverage synchronization channel: part of the transmission frame providing a phase reference transmission frame: actual transmitted frame, specific to the four transmission modes, conveying the Synchronization channel, th
47、e Fast Information Channel and the Main Service Channel transmission mode: specific set of transmission parameters (e.g. number of carriers, OFDM symbol duration) Four transmission modes (i.e. I, II, III and IV) are defied to allow the system to be used for different network configurations and a ran
48、ge of operating frequencies. Unequal Error Protection (UEP): error protection procedure which allows the bit error characteristics to be matched with the bit error sensitivity of the different parts of the bit stream X-PAD data group: package of data used for one application in the Extended Programm
49、e Associated Data (X-PAD) 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: A 7, a 3.3 velocity of light ratio of power of carrier to that of the noise inter-carrier distance maximum recommended frequency for a given speed of vehicle (for good reception of DAB) frequency in Hz polynomial generator of the cyclic redundancy code length of the data coded with a given error protection profile code Rate for convolutional code ratio of the power in the signal to that of the noise in the same bandwidth symbol duration complete symbol
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