1、 ETSI TR 101 537 V1.1.1 (2011-02)Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Second co-existence test between ER-GSM with RFIDETSI ETSI TR 101 537 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 2Reference DTR/ERM-TG34-011 Keywords ER-GSM, radio, RFID, testing ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-0692
2、1 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.
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6、ing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2011. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI r
7、egistered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI
8、 TR 101 537 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g31 Scope 5g32 References 5g32.1 Normative references . 5g32.2 Informative references 5g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 5g33.1 Definitions 5g33.2 Symbols 6g33.3 Abbreviations . 6g34 Participants . 7g35 Bac
9、kground Information 7g36 Equipment under Test 7g37 Tests with R-GSM as a victim . 8g37.1 Measurement setup . 8g37.2 General Measurement procedure 9g37.3 Measurement results . 9g37.3.1 Measurement results with different Rx level at the Cab Radio . 9g38 Tests concerning IM3 of RFID 12g38.1 Measurement
10、 setup . 12g38.2 General Measurement procedure 12g38.3 Measurement results . 13g39 Test with RFID as a victim of R-GSM terminal 14g39.1 Measurement setup . 14g39.2 General Measurement procedure 14g39.3 Measurement results . 15g310 Measurements with an RFID near-field antenna 15g310.1 Measurement set
11、up . 15g310.2 Measurement results . 16g311 Observations and conclusions 17g3Annex A: Measurement values for R-GSM as a victim 19g3Annex B: Screen shot of power levels of IM3 test . 21g3Annex C: Measurements values for RFID as a victim 22g3Annex D: Picture gallery . 23g3Annex E: Bibliography 28g3Hist
12、ory 29g3ETSI ETSI TR 101 537 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 4Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be f
13、ound in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to
14、 the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
15、Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). ETSI ETSI TR 101 537 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 51 Scope The present document describes a series of tests that were undertaken to determine the parameters necessary
16、 to permit RFID to share the band 918 MHz to 921 MHz with ER-GSM. The tests were undertaken at the BNetzA Test Laboratory at Kolberg. The main purpose of these tests was to find answers to a number of important questions that had been raised during some earlier tests and to gather additional informa
17、tion. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments)
18、 applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normati
19、ve references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular
20、 subject area. i.1 ETSI EN 302 208 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W“. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of t
21、he present document, the following terms and definitions apply: Cognitive Radio System (CRS): Radio system (optionally including multiple entities and network elements), which has the following capabilities: to obtain the knowledge of radio operational environment and established policies and to mon
22、itor usage patterns and users needs; to dynamically, autonomously and whenever possible adjust its operational parameters and protocols according to this knowledge in order to achieve predefined objectives, e.g. minimize a loss in performance or increase spectrum efficiency; and to learn from the re
23、sults of its actions in order to further improve its performance. ETSI ETSI TR 101 537 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 6Detect And Avoid: (DAA): technology used to protect radio communication services by avoiding co-channel operation NOTE: Before transmitting, a system should sense the channel within its operative
24、 bandwidth in order to detect the possible presence of other systems. If another system is detected, the first system should avoid transmission until the detected system disappears. DownLink (DL): direction from a hierarchic higher network element to the one below, in the case of a typical RFID syst
25、em direction from the interrogator to tag or from the (E)R-GSM Base Transceive Station (BTS) to the terminal Dynamic Frequency Allocation (DFA): protocol that allows for changing transmit frequency during operation Dynamic Power Control (DPC): capability that enables the transmitter output power of
26、a device to be adjusted during operation in accordance with its link budget requirements or other conditions fixed: physically fixed, non- moving device; includes temporary event installations as well link adaptation: result of applying all of the control mechanisms used in Radio Resource Management
27、 to optimize the performance of the radio link Listen before Talk (LBT): spectrum access protocol requiring a cognitive radio to perform spectrum sensing before transmitting location awareness: capability that allows a device to determine its location to a defined level of precision master: controls
28、 the radio resource changing actions mobile: physically moving device Radio Environment Map (REM): integrated multi-domain database that characterises the radio environment in which a cognitive radio system finds itself NOTE: It may contain geographical information, available radio communication ser
29、vices, spectral regulations and policies, and the positions and activities of co-located radios. Service Level Agreement (SLA): defined level of service agreed between the contractor and the service provider slave: responds to the commands from the Master UpLink (UL): Direction from Slave to Master
30、white space: label indicating a part of the spectrum, which is available for a radio communication application at a given time in a given geographical area on a non-interfering/non-protected basis with regard to other services with a higher priority on a national basis 3.2 Symbols For the purposes o
31、f the present document, the following symbols apply: Pathloss Exponent in the Friis Equation dB decibel d distancef frequency measured under normal test conditions fc centre frequency of carrier transmitted by interrogator wavelength 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the fo
32、llowing abbreviations apply: BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel BP BandPass BTS Base Transceive Station C/I Carrier to Interference ratio CMU Central Management Unit ETSI ETSI TR 101 537 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 7DAA Detect And Avoid DFA Dynamic Frequency Allocation DL DownLink DPC Dynamic Power Control ER-GSM
33、Extended R-GSM system FFT Fast Fourier Transform GSM Global System for Mobile communication IM3 third order intermodulation LBT Listen before Talk POS Point Of Sale R - 1 R-GSM terminal (Cab Radio, Funkwerke Hrmann with Sagemradio module MRM R2); - 1 R-GSM terminal (GPH, Sagem). ETSI ETSI TR 101 537
34、 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 8 RFID: - 2 RFID interrogators from FEIG (ID-ISC.LRU3500), - 1 CISC RFID Tag Emulator R1.1. The RFID interrogator was operated in accordance with the four channel plan described in EN 302 208 (V1.2.1) i.1. For the purpose of the tests the frequency range of the interrogator was shi
35、fted to the existing R-GSM frequencies 918 MHz to 924 MHz (3 MHz overlap with R-GSM). In some of the tests the channel width of the transmissions from the interrogator was increased to 400 kHz. 7 Tests with R-GSM as a victim The purpose of these tests was to determine the conditions under which RFID
36、 can cause interference to the R-GSM receiver in a mobile unit. To verify the worst interference conditions for the R-GSM receiver in this part of the test session, the R-GSM receiver was tested with the interrogator operating in different modes. In this first set of measurements the behaviour of th
37、e R-GSM receiver was tested in its various operating modes and at different simulated distances from the Base station. This was done by increasing the attenuation that can be inserted until the Rx-Qual value reported by the mobile unit changed from 1 to 2. In the second part of the test session the
38、behaviour of the R-GSM receiver was tested with different RFID bandwidths and modulation scenarios. It should be noted that some of the RFID modulation scenarios were not typical of those found in most RFID communication systems. These unusual modulation scenarios were tested in order to determine t
39、he worst case conditions for an R-GSM receiver. Conducted measurements were also performed to obtain protection distances for the various scenarios. 7.1 Measurement setup The equipment was configured as shown in figure 1. This measurement setup was the same as that used in the first co-existence tes
40、ts between ER-GSM and RFID. Figure 1: Setup for R-GSM as a victim ETSI ETSI TR 101 537 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 97.2 General Measurement procedure The CMU behaved like a R-GSM Base Station transmitting the BCCH, i.e. all time slots on air with a constant Tx-level. The Tx-level of the CMU was adjusted to giv
41、e different input levels at the Cab Radio. The Tx-levels were specified in the test sections below. The Rx-level of the R-GSM signal and the levels generated by the RFID interrogators were measured with a spectrum analyser. The downlink bandpass filter protected the analysers from the high uplink le
42、vel of the Cab Radio. During testing the interrogator was set to the nominal frequency of 921,4 MHz and shifted in 100 kHz steps towards 925 MHz. The output signal level from the interrogator was adjusted by its attenuator to give the specified conditions on the display of the cab receiver. The CMU
43、was initially set to transmit at a frequency of 921,4 MHz. 7.3 Measurement results 7.3.1 Measurement results with different Rx level at the Cab Radio Figure 2 shows a comparison of the measurements made in 2009 and 2010. The figure shows the C/I for one RFID interrogator experienced by the Cab Radio
44、, with the RFID Interrogator transmitting within a 400 kHz channel width. This comparison shows that the measurement setup in 2010 was the same as the setup in 2009. There were two minor differences. Firstly the slopes of the two C/I curves are not exactly the same. This may be due to the fact that
45、the Cab Radios were not the same, so the filters in the Cab Radios may have slightly different characteristics. Secondly the frequency offset of 0 kHz was not tested in 2009. From the measurement of 2010 it can be seen that there is a 9 dB lower C/I between the point of 0 kHz offset and the point of
46、 100 kHz offset. This means an offset of 100 kHz between the ER-GSM centre frequencies and the RFID centre frequencies improves the protection for ER-GSM terminals by 9 dB. Figure 2: Comparison measurement 2009 / 2010 (R-GSM as a victim) A further test was made to determine which of either the idle
47、mode or active voice call needs the most protection against interference from RFID. The result of this measurement is shown in figure 3. In the frequency offset range from 0 kHz to 600 kHz, the R-GSM terminal needs about 10 dB less protection in idle mode than in an active voice call. This means tha
48、t voice call is the worst case situation and therefore should be used for all further measurements of protection range. Since voice call is the worst case situation, no additional allowance in protection range is necessary for a terminal when in idle mode. ETSI ETSI TR 101 537 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 10Fig
49、ure 3: Comparison of protection distances for R-GSM terminal in idle mode and voice call Figure 4 shows the absolute RF Power at the input of the Cab Radio at which its RxQual level drops to a value of 2. The three curves were measured at different R-GSM Rx power levels at the Cab Radio input. The power levels are representative of different communication scenarios of the R-GSM system and are specified below. Cab low power -96 dBm. Cell edge -86 dBm. Good link -76 dBm. From the measurement it can be seen that a Cab Radio receiving a higher Rx si
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