1、STDmETSI TR 101 bL8-ENGL 1998 3400855 03b3b84 O20 TR 1 O1 61 8 1.1.1 (1998-11) Technical Report Network Aspects (NA); Number Portability Task Force (NPTF); Working package 8; Location portability STD.ETS1 TR LO1 bL8-ENGL 3996 m 3400855 03b3b85 Tb7 2 TR 101 618V1.1.1 (1998-11) Reference DTWNA-020073
2、(ezcOOics.PDF) Keywords location, portability ETSI Postai address F-06921 Sophia Antipoiis Cedex - FRANCE Office address 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis Valbonne - FRANCE Siret No 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association a but non lucratif enregistre a la Sous-Prlecture de Grasse (06) No
3、7803/88 Tel.: 43 4 92 94 42 O0 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Internet secretariat etsi.fr Individual copies of this ETSI deliverable can be downloaded from http:/w.etsi .org Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restrict
4、ion extend to reproduction in ail media. O European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1998. All rights reserved. STD-ETSI TR LO1 bL8-ENGL 1978 3400855 03b3b8b 973 3 TR 101 618V1.1.1 (1998-11) Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4 Foreword 4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 3 Definition
5、s and abbreviations 5 3.1 Definitions . 5 3.2 Abbreviations . 6 4 Aspects on location portability 6 4.1 Number types . 6 4.1.2 Geographic numbers 6 4.2 Areas of location portability 6 4.2.1 Exchange area 4.2.2 Numbering area 4.2.3 Charge area 7 4.2.4 Anywhere . 7 4.3 Problems and solutions when leav
6、ing certain areas . 7 4.3.1 Leaving exchange area . 7 4.3.2 4.3.3 Leaving charge area . 8 4.3.3.1 Charge difference . 8 4.3.3.2 4.4 4.4.2 Different domains . . 9 4.1.1 Non-geographic numbers . 6 Leaving numbering area . 7 Informing the charged party 9 Service provider portability and location portab
7、ility . 9 4.4.1 Congruent domains . 9 5 Conclusions 10 Annex A (informative): Charging area 11 Bibliography . 12 History 13 STD.ETS1 TR 101 bL8-ENGL 1998 3400855 03b3b87 83T 4 TR 1 O1 61 8 V1.l.l (1 99-11) I ntel lect ual Property Rights PRs essential or potentially essential to the present document
8、 may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in SR o00 3 14: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI st
9、andard.s“, which is available free of charge from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/www.etsi.org/ipr). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence
10、 of other IPRs not referenced in SR o00 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Network Aspects (NA). Introduction A lack of even the modern t
11、elephone network is, that a user has to dial a number of a telephone set instead of having to address the person, he expects to lift the receiver of that telephone set. Often, when we have build a link in our brain between a number to dial to address a person, that person moves and we have to rememb
12、er a new number for that person. For firms it is also a economical aspect, when they have to change their phone numbers in brochures, on cars etc. and also have to tell all their customers the new number. One solution to this is, to use only non-geographical numbers, also called service numbers or p
13、ersonal numbers, but at present the use of such numbers is more. expensive. Location portability could solve the problem, but up to now, telephone numbers used to be associated to switches. The introduction of service provider portability made it necessary, to find technical solutions to release the
14、 association between numbers and switches. This technical solution can also be used for location portability, but there are a lot of impacts on location portability, one of the most important is the charging. STD-ETSI TR LOI bZ8-ENGL L998 = 3400855 03b3b88 77b H 5 TR 101 618 V1.l.l (1998-11) 1 Scope
15、 The present Working Package of the NPTF has the responsibility to study the issue of Location Portability utilizing to the greatest possible degree the work already done in the NPTF on Service Provider Portability. The different variants of Location Portability 11 should be investigated against a r
16、epresentative choice of scenarios for numbering scheme, charging structure, and regulation, e.g. to show the consequences for tariff and geographical information in the Directory Numbers. The combination of location portability together with Service Provider Portability should be considered. The pre
17、sent document should evaluate the need for further standardization. 2 Ref e rences The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, versi
18、on number, etc.) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to refer to later versions published as an EN with the same number. il TR 101 119: “Network
19、Aspects (NA); High level description of number portability“. 3 3.1 D ef i n it ions and abbreviations D ef i n it ions For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in Working Package O 11 and the following apply. exchange area: Area served by one specific exchange. The e
20、xchange area may be different for different operators. numbering area: Area where a specific part of a number, mostly called area code, is recognized by the user to be specific for a certain area. The numbering area may be different for different operators. charging area: Geographic area where calls
21、 to and from a customer from and to any location within this area are charged the same. The charging area may be different for different operators. More details are shown as an example in the annex. location portability domain: A certain geographic area, where a customer is allowed to retain his dir
22、ectory number, when changing his premises within this area and when this service is provided by the network operator. This domain may or may not be a exchange area, a numbering area, or a charge area or any combination of that. It also can be something to be defined by the network operator. open num
23、bering: If dialling a number, having the same area code as the own number, the area code need not to be dialled. Modem systems in many cases accept the area code to be dialled, even if it is not necessary. closed numbering: The full national number always has to be dialled. Area codes may not exist
24、or have to be dialled always in conjunction with the subscriber number. 6 TR 101 018V1.1.1 (199-11) serving a numbering range: A service provider, network operator or exchange is able to handle a single number or a block of numbers out of that numbering range to connect a call to a own line or custo
25、mer. 3.2 Ab b rev at ion s For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CLI Calling Line Identification GSM ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network Global System for Mobile communications 4 Aspects on location portability 4.1 Number types 4.1.1 Non-geographic numbers
26、 The nature of non-geographic numbers is to have no geographic meaning. This can be service numbers, mobile numbers or other non-geographic numbers. Service numbers are, mosty in an IN-System, translated to a certain geographic number. This routing can be depending on the weekday and the time of day
27、 and also some other conditions, like the traffic to the servicenumber. So the service-number by itself has no geographic meaning. Mobile numbers of modern mobile networks like GSM are considered as being non-geographic. For non-geographic numbers, being independent of the location by nature, locati
28、on portability does not apply. 4.1.2 Geographic numbers Geographic numbers consist of an area code and a following subscriber number. Beside the area code, the subscriber number can also consist of one part, the first few digits, standing for a geographic area, mostly the serving area of an exchange
29、, and the other part, identifying a certain customer located in that area, or speaking technical, identifying a specific line of that exchange, which is connected to that customer. In some countries area codes have already lost their geographic meaning. This could also happen, when location portabil
30、ity is introduced. When numbers lose their geographic meaning, the CLI can no longer be used to identify the location of a caller, for example for emergency reasons. If information of the geographic location of a caller is necessary, a new method has to be implemented in to the network, to provide t
31、his information. Location portability has to be provided, if the customer moves. When moving to another location the boundary of certain areas could be crossed. What areas this could be, is described in the following paragraph. 4.2 Areas of location portability 4.2.1 Exchange area Location portabili
32、ty within an area served by the same exchange has been provided by most of the network providers since the beginning. Exceptions may exist, where plans for division of the exchange area are prepared, or one of the following aspects apply. Modern network architecture may centralize control of several
33、 exchanges in one centre-exchange, including the numbering database. This will reduce the importance of the exchange area and raise the importance of the following aspects. ETSI STDmETSI TR LOL hL8-ENGL L998 3400855 03h3b90 324 7 TR 101 618 V1.l.l (1998-11) 4.2.2 Numbering area Where numbering areas
34、 exist recognized by the user, location portability outside a specific numbering area may confuse the user, what to dial. if a user recognizes a specific part of a number, mostly called area code, to be specific for a certain area, he may be confused to have to dial a foreign area code to call a per
35、son or firm, which has been ported to his neighbourhood. This confuses the user in countries, where open numbering is used. In such countries the user always puts the area code of the specific area, mostly the city, the called party is located in, in front of the subscriber number. If a user has to
36、put a foreign area code in front of the subscriber number of his neighbour, when dialling him, he could be confused. This confusion could lead to a large amount of wrong dialling. 4.2.3 Charge area For the definition of what a charge area is in this respect, see the paragraph definitions. Location p
37、ortability within one charge area has no impact on the charging. There is no difference in the charging between calls to ported lines and calls to non-ported lines. When location portability leaves the charge area, there will be a difference. How to deal with that charging difference is discussed la
38、ter on. 4.2.4 Anywhere Location portability anywhere means, that no restriction applies. To get an overview of all technical and non-technical impacts on location portability without restrictions, this has to be examined issue by issue. The known issues to be examined are the exchange area, the numb
39、ering area and the charging area. One of the most important issue on location portability seems to be the charge area, but all this issues are examined in the next paragraph. 4.3 Problems and solutions when leaving certain areas 4.3.1 Leaving exchange area Portability leaving the serving area of a s
40、pecific exchange is widely discussed under the issue of service provider portability. Service provider portability is mostly understood as network operator portability. This kind of portability is in a poorly technical description the portability between different exchanges of different operators se
41、rving the same numbering range. When only leaving the exchange area, location portability is the portability between different exchanges of the same operator serving the same numbering range. For portability leaving the exchange area, when changing the network operator, it is called Service provider
42、 portability, when keeping the network operator, it is called location portability. Location portability leaving the exchange area can be provided with the same mechanism as service provider portability. The only difference is another numbering plan for addressing exchanges instead of network? or, i
43、f necessary, another addressing scheme. 4.3.2 Leaving numbering area Where location portability leaves certain numbering areas, the only technical impact is how many digits of the called party number have to be taken into account to address the call to a new destination. This is more an issue of est
44、ablishing an appropriate numbering plan for ported numbers than an issue of a specific technical solution. Most of the methods of service provider portability are independent of the numbering scheme and can also be used for location portability outside specific numbering areas. But, as described ear
45、lier, location portability leaving well known numbering areas, especially where open numbering is used, can confuse users and result in wrong dialling. STDSETSI TR 103 b18-ENGL 1998 3400855 03b3b91 2b0 8 TR 101 618 V1.l.l (1998-11) If location portability outside numbering areas is forced without an
46、y reason and without any respect of the above described problems, there have to be developed mechanisms to protect the networks from overload by wrong dialling of users, not understanding the new numbering plan. 4.3.3 Leaving charge area This seems to be the most difficult to examine, and probably a
47、lso to realize, issue on location portability. For the definition of a what a charge area is in this respect, see the paragraph definitions. Location portability, that leaves the charge area means, that the costs of phoning a ported line differs from phoning this line not having been ported. The maj
48、or questions raising at this point are: - - Who pays for the charge difference or has the benefit of? How will the charged party, mostly the calling party, be informed, if he has to pay for the difference? 4.3.3.1 Charge difference It would be the technical simplest solution, if nobody would take ca
49、re of the charge difference and the differential costs of a call would be left to the network operator. This however is neither the most economical nor the most customer orientated solution. When a call to the ported number has a longer distance than before being ported, this is an economical disadvantage to the network operator and a benefit to the customer. When a Cali to the ported number has a shorter distance than before being ported, it is vice versa, and the customer pays more than the tariff for the real distance would be. If the called party would have to pay the cha
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