1、 ETSI TR 102 750 V1.1.1 (2008-07)Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Radar level gauging applications in still pipesETSI ETSI TR 102 750 V1.1.1 (2008-07) 2 Reference DTR/ERM-TGTLPR-0115 Keywords UWB, radio ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipoli
2、s Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present d
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5、status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction e
6、xtend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the
7、 benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 750 V1.1.1 (2008-07) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 2.1 Normative references .5 2.2 Informative references5 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .6 3.1 D
8、efinitions6 3.2 Symbols7 3.3 Abbreviations .7 4 Products considered in the present document 8 4.1 Examples of still pipe installations.8 4.1.1 Installation scenario 9 5 Concept of adherence to existing regulation for still pipe radars.10 5.1 Applicable regulations10 5.2 Indoor-like shielding 10 5.3
9、Mitigation of EM interferences to victim radio devices.11 5.3.1 Low density of still pipe units.11 5.3.2 Shielding effects .11 5.3.2.1 Primary shielding 11 5.3.2.2 Secondary shielding 11 5.3.3 Frequency domain and time domain mitigation techniques11 5.3.3.1 Frequency domain.11 5.3.3.2 Time domain .1
10、2 5.3.4 Reduction of transmit power.12 5.4 Thermal Radiation12 5.5 Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) .12 6 Measurement examples 13 History 14 ETSI ETSI TR 102 750 V1.1.1 (2008-07) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to
11、ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is avai
12、lable from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenc
13、ed in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Introduction The pre
14、sent document describes the application of Tank Level Probing Radar for the use in a specific type of tank that is not covered by the existing standard EN 302 372 i.10 describing Tank Level Probing Radar installed in a closed metallic tank. The present document describes an application of level prob
15、ing radar used on a tank type called floating roof tank, where the tank roof is floating on the surface of the tank content. The level in the tank is probed via a pipe that is fixed at the bottom and top of the tank and extends through a hole in the floating roof. Figure 1 shows a typical floating r
16、oof tank with the radar gauge mounted on top of the pipe. The pipe is usually referred to as a “still pipe“. Figure 1: Floating roof tank with still pipe for level measuring. This still pipe is perforated in order to enable the liquid to enter the pipe and to ensure that the level in the pipe is the
17、 same as on the outside. Floating roof tanks are used in petroleum refineries and storage plants together with closed metallic tanks. The purpose of the present document is to describe the application and show that the radar energy propagating inside the pipe has a limited leakage to the outside of
18、the tanks, and conformance to applicable standards can be achieved. Level probing radar Still pipe Floating roof ETSI ETSI TR 102 750 V1.1.1 (2008-07) 5 1 Scope The present document provides guidance in resolving applications radar gauges installed on still pipe in external floating roof tanks. The
19、still pipe equipment consists of a TLPR and a dedicated still pipe to be operated in defined installation scenarios. The purpose of the present document is to give a survey of the background for a possible future ETSI test specification for emissions from radar level gauging applications in still pi
20、pes that are not covered by EN 302 372 i.10. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete doc
21、ument or a part thereof and only in the following cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in th
22、e expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably, the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore,
23、 the reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper case and lower case letters. NOTE: While any hyperlinks
24、included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-speci
25、fic references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For
26、non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. i.1 Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity
27、. i.2 void. i.3 ECC Decision of 24 March 2006 amended 6 July 2007 at Constanta on the harmonized conditions for devices using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology in bands below 10.6 GHz (ECC/DEC/(06)04) amended 6 July 2007. ETSI ETSI TR 102 750 V1.1.1 (2008-07) 6 i.4 ISO 4266-1 (2002): “Petroleum and li
28、quid petroleum products - Measurement of level and temperature in storage tanks by automatic methods - Part 1: Measurement of level in atmospheric tanks“. i.5 ECC(07)116-Annex 13: “Definitions for peak/mean power under ECC regulations for specific UWB applications“. i.6 Commission Decision 2007/131/
29、EC of 21 February 2007 on allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonized manner in the Community. i.7 CISPR 16-1: “Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuri
30、ng apparatus - Measuring apparatus“. i.8 API MPMS 3.1A and 3.1B: “Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 3 - Tank Gauging, Section 1A - Standard Practice for the Manual Gauging of Petroleum and Petroleum Products, published on 1 of August 2005 / Tank Gauging Section 1B - Standard Practice
31、 for Level Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons in Stationary Tanks by Automatic Tank Gauging, published on 1 of June 2001“. i.9 ITU-R Recommendation P.526-6 “ Propagation by diffraction“. i.10 ETSI EN 302 372-1: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD
32、); Equipment for Detection and Movement; Tank Level Probing Radar (TLPR) operating in the frequency bands 5,8 GHz, 10 GHz, 25 GHz, 61 GHz and 77 GHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods“. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document
33、, the following terms and definitions apply: dedicated antenna: antenna that is designed as an indispensable part of the equipment dedicated still pipe: still pipe is always inserted inside the tank NOTE: The pipe cannot be working alone or outside the tank like bypass pipe in process tank. Device U
34、nder Test (DUT): TLPR under test without a test still pipe duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the transmitter to the total time in any one-hour period reflecting normal operational mode for pulsed modulation system emissions: signals that leaked or are scattered into the air within the freque
35、ncy range (that includes harmonics) which depend on equipments frequency band of operation NOTE: For TLPRs there is no intended emission outside the tank. Equipment Under Test (EUT): TLPR mounted on a test still pipe equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power transmitted, assumi
36、ng an isotropic radiator NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of “power into the antenna“ and “antenna gain“. e.i.r.p. is used for both peak and average power. Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar: radar where the transmitter power is fairly constant but possibly zero during peri
37、ods giving a big duty cycle (such as 0,1 to 1) NOTE: The frequency is modulated in some way giving a very wideband spectrum with a power versus time variation which is clearly not pulsed. integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equip
38、ment ETSI ETSI TR 102 750 V1.1.1 (2008-07) 7 manufacturer: manufacturer of the equipment, or his authorized representative, or an equipment supplier to the European market maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density: highest signal strength measured in any direction at any frequency within the defined ra
39、nge NOTE: The mean e.i.r.p. spectral density is measured with a 1 MHz resolution bandwidth, an RMS detector and an averaging time of 1ms or less. maximum peak e.i.r.p: highest signal strength measured in any direction at any frequency within the defined range NOTE 1: The peak e.i.r.p. is measured wi
40、thin a 50 MHz bandwidth centred on the frequency at which the highest mean radiated power occurs. operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated power spectral density (psd): amount of the total power inside the measuring receiver bandwidth express
41、ed in dBm/MHz pulsed radar (or here simply “pulsed TLPR“): radar where the transmitter signal has a microwave power consisting of short RF pulses Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a sufficiently long time to cover all PRF variations radiated me
42、asurements: measurements that involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field radiation: signals emitted intentionally inside a tank for level measurements Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave (SFCW) radar: radar where the transmitter sequentially generates a number of frequencies with a step size
43、 NOTE: At each moment of transmission, a monochromatic wave is emitted. It is distinguished from FMCW that has the instantaneous frequency band rather than a single frequency wave. The SFCW radar bandwidth is synthesized by signal processing to achieve required resolution bandwidth. still pipe: stil
44、l-well, stilling-well, guide pole: Vertical, perforated pipe built into a tank to reduce measurement errors arising from liquid turbulence, surface flow or agitation of the liquid NOTE: Any equipment made of a perforated steel pipe with diameters varying from a few centimetres up to several decimetr
45、es. The perforations enable the liquid to freely flow into and out of the still pipe at all levels in a tank. Still pipes are the preferred installation point of a Tank Level Probing Radar inserted inside a floating or open roof tanks. 3.2 Symbols k Boltzmann constant T Kelvin temperature B Bandwidt
46、h wavelength diameter of tanks 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: E.I.R.P Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power EFRT External Floating Roof Tank EM ElectroMagnetic FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave ETSI ETSI TR 102 750 V1.1.1 (2008-07)
47、 8 PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency RF Radio Frequency SFCW Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave TLPR Tank Level Probing Radar 4 Products considered in the present document 4.1 Examples of still pipe installations In all of the various scenarios at least one of the products or functions falls within the
48、scope of article 3.2 of the R operational perforated still pipe with floating roof (right) Figure 3a: Example of slotted still pipe. 4.1.1 Installation scenario The commonly encountered installation scenario for a level radar gauge used on the external floating roof tank is a single perforated still
49、 pipe with the radar gauge on its top. The still pipe is fixed close to the tank shell. The tank shell can be regarded as the shielding to possible horizontal leakage of the guided energy inside the pipe. The still pipe acts as a waveguide with excited circular electrical field which is less sensitive to the irregular pipe wall conditions so that the power coupling to transversely radial directions is reduced to a low level. ETSI ETSI TR 102 750 V1.1.1 (2008-07) 10The main purpose with the floating roof design is to avoid a vapour fi
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