1、 ETSI TR 103 401 V1.1.1 (2016-11) Smart Grid Systems and Other Radio Systems suitable for Utility Operations, and their long-term spectrum requirements TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 401 V1.1.1 (2016-11)2Reference DTR/ERM-TGDMR-340 Keywords dPMR, M2M, PMR, resilience, Smart Grid ETSI 650 Route de
2、s Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org/
3、standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in co
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6、opyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
7、The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2016. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks o
8、f ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 103 401 V1.1.1 (2016-11)3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g3Modal verbs terminology 4g3Executiv
9、e summary 4g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 7g32 References 7g32.1 Normative references . 7g32.2 Informative references 7g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9g33.1 Definitions 9g33.2 Symbols 9g33.3 Abbreviations . 10g34 Utility operations requirements 12g35 Existing and potential utility operation
10、s technologies 19g35.1 Data systems . 19g35.2 High-definition Real-time Video 21g35.3 Other Utility Operations Radio Systems 21g36 Long-term spectrum requirements for utility operations 22g37 Conclusion 23g3Annex A: Simple Electricity Grid Network . 24g3Annex B: Electricity Grid control and monitori
11、ng . 27g3B.0 Background 27g3B.1 Point-to-multipoint systems . 27g3B.2 Point-to-point systems 28g3B.3 Point-to-point and Point-to-multipoint technical details 29g3History 31g3ETSI ETSI TR 103 401 V1.1.1 (2016-11)4Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present docu
12、ment may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of
13、 ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other
14、IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Mod
15、al verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI de
16、liverables except when used in direct citation. Executive summary The present document highlights the future requirements for the mission critical real-time systems, e.g. Smart Grids, that are necessary to meet Europes need for the “reliable provision of electricity wherever and whenever it is requi
17、red“. It also emphasises that almost all of Europes businesses are dependent on electricity, and/or gas (gas may also be used to generate electricity), to enable them to supply the goods and/or services to Europes citizens and consumers. Article 194 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European U
18、nion i.1 (TFEU/Treaty of Rome) sets out that the aim of EU Energy policy is to “ensure security of energy supply in the Union“, i.e. to ensure that energy (including electricity) is available to all when needed, and while doing so “promote energy efficiency and energy saving and the development of n
19、ew and renewable forms of energy“. Smart Electricity Grids will be used to distribute and control these energy efficient/saving networks. The present document builds on the Smart Grids Co-ordination Group Technical Report Reference Architecture for the Smart Grid i.2 (RASG) in that it highlights tha
20、t real-time mission critical Smart Grid systems typically need to be resilient, sometimes requiring best practice resilience i.3. By contrast best-effort, non-real-time, Smart Meter systems typically do not need to be resilient. This should clarify which of the systems mentioned within the RASG i.2
21、may be suitable for Smart Grid systems and which may only be suitable for Smart Meter systems. In line with the requirement of Mandate M/462 i.25 to enable efficient energy use in fixed and mobile information and communication networks, the present document also highlights the power efficiencies of
22、using 12,5 and 25 kHz narrow band equipment versus, say, 150 kHz wideband and MHz-wide broadband equipment. The present document also highlights that there may be options for the existing ETSI standards suitable for low data rate electricity grid systems, e.g. 9,6 kbit/s within 12,5 kHz narrow band
23、channels, to be updated to enable higher data rates, e.g. 64 kbit/s within 25 kHz channels, for use by Smart Grid systems. The present document supports the RASG recommendation i.2 that: “deployment constraints mandate the need for both wire-line and wireless communications. Utility access to wirele
24、ss network resources is necessary. Where spectrum is allocated for use by utility networks, this will help progress the Smart Grid deployments ensuring the standard work and products take into account the allocated spectrum for utilities.“ It should be noted that there may be significant differences
25、 between the enhanced requirements of critical infrastructure utility (CIU) networks, such as those used by the electricity utilities, and the lesser requirements of non-critical infrastructure utility networks. ETSI ETSI TR 103 401 V1.1.1 (2016-11)5The present document highlights that when a radio
26、link is used as the diversity route for another link, e.g. wired, the radio link needs to work immediately when required and continue to work despite any power disruptions, etc. The present document highlights that Utility Operations have 50 years of experience in designing, installing, operating, a
27、nd maintaining resilient machine to machine (RM2M) systems such as those used to supervise and control electricity grids. The present document suggests that, whereas Member States are expected to provide an average of 1 200 MHz for IMT systems, the average spectrum requirements for Critical Infrastr
28、ucture Utility Operations Networks, including Smart Grids, is likely to be 1,5 percent of that for IMT systems. Noting that, regarding spectrum for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) broadband use, “the RSPG recommends that future discussions on spectrum management decisions avoid setting
29、 an arbitrary amount of spectrum to be harmonised“ i.23. It is expected that the evidence based identification of 18 MHz of spectrum within the VHF, 400 MHz UHF and 1,4 GHz bands will be seen as a realistic figure rather than an arbitrary one. The details of the future spectrum requirements will be
30、expanded within ETSI TR 103 492 i.26. Introduction The present document has been developed to support the co-operation between ETSI and the Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Posts and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT). Almost every service or product off
31、ered to Europes citizens and consumers relies directly or indirectly on the reliable provision of electricity and/or gas (gas can also be used to generate electricity) by Europes Utility Operations. The European Commission, within its Energy Strategy i.4, fully recognises and supports the important
32、requirement for “secure energy supplies to ensure the reliable provision of energy whenever and wherever needed“. The European Commissions 2030 policy framework seeks to de-carbonise the energy system. The framework encourages the electrification of heat and transport, as well as the connection of m
33、ore intermittent generation. As these policies take effect, the electricity system will become more complex to plan, control and balance. More flexibility will be needed to ensure that the energy system is able to cope with the future challenges. It will be key to delivering an affordable and climat
34、e-friendly energy system i.5. Natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and criminal activity can all disrupt the critical energy infrastructure Europeans depend on. While national authorities are primarily responsible for the protection of energy facilities such as power plants and transmission lines,
35、energy disruptions can be felt across national borders. The EC considers that, inter alia, energy infrastructures and facilities for the generation and transmission of electricity in respect of supply electricity between member states are European Critical Infrastructures i.6 (ECI). Likewise, Gas pr
36、oduction, refining, treatment, storage and transmission by pipelines, and liquid natural gas (LNG) terminals, are considered to be ECI. The ECs European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection i.7 (EPCIP) identifies that “European Critical Infrastructures (ECI) constitute those designated c
37、ritical infrastructures which are of the highest importance for the Community and which if disrupted or destroyed would affect two or more Member States, or a single Member State if the critical infrastructure is located in another Member State. The identification and designation of National Critica
38、l Infrastructures is defined by a Member State according to predefined national criteria. With due regard to existing Community competences, the responsibility for protecting National Critical Infrastructures falls on the NCI owners/operators and on the Member States“. The EC Directive 2008/114/EC o
39、n European Critical Infrastructures i.8 fully recognises that the “infrastructures and facilities for generation and transmission of electricity in respect of supply electricity“ is part of each member states critical infrastructure. This criticality is emphasised by the European Commissions acknowl
40、edgement of the continued requirement for electricity grids to have Resilience to ensure critical infrastructure protection (CIP). It should be noted that there may be significant differences between the enhanced requirements of critical infrastructure utility (CIU) networks, such as those used by t
41、he electricity utilities, and the lesser requirements of non-critical infrastructure utility networks. ETSI ETSI TR 103 401 V1.1.1 (2016-11)6Indeed, the importance of Smart Grid electricity is such that the EC has created the M/490 EN Smart Grid Mandate i.9. This is the “Standardization Mandate to E
42、uropean Standardisation Organisations (ESOs) to support European Smart Grid deployment“. The objective of this mandate was/is to develop or update a set of consistent standards within a common European framework that integrates a variety of digital computing and communication technologies and electr
43、ical architectures, and associated processes and services that will achieve interoperability and will enable or facilitate the implementation in Europe of the different high level Smart Grid services. It should be noted that two of the high-level services the Smart Grids Task Force defined are “enha
44、ncing efficiency in day-to-day grid operation“ and “ensuring network security, system control and quality of supply“. It should also be noted that there are options for the existing 12,5 and 25 kHz narrow band grid systems to use higher data rate systems, e.g. 64 kbit/s in 25 kHz. This will enable a
45、ny higher data rate Smart Grid systems the option to continue to use 12,5 and 25 kHz narrow bandwidth channels rather than having to move unnecessarily to, say, 150 kHz wideband systems or MHz broadband systems. The need for reliable, secure, and resilient network operation is an over-riding influen
46、ce on the choice of technologies or service provision model in some instances. The increasing number of attacks on utility monitoring and control systems makes it increasingly important for Utility Operations systems to be protected against intrusion. Fortunately, Utility Operations have circa 55 ye
47、ars of experience in designing, installing, operating, and maintaining resilient machine to machine (RM2M) systems. During this time, experience has proven that a simple solution to potential external attacks is to ensure that there is an “air gap“ between critical utility control networks and the p
48、ublic networks to guarantee secure and reliable operation of the former. The present document highlights which types of self-managed Resilient Machine to Machine (RM2M) system technologies and self-managed Machine to Machine (M2M) system technologies are currently being used for Utility Operations,
49、and their spectrum requirements. It is important to note that utility communications systems are typically incorporated for safety, security, system monitoring 2) the essential requirements for systems suitable for other Utility Operations radio systems; 3) the long-term spectrum requirements for Utilities. The present document identifies the functional requirements for existing and future radio systems for critical infrastructure utility operators, e.g. electricity and gas, and associated implications for spectrum requirements. Require
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