1、 ETSI TS 102 562 V1.1.1 (2007-03)Technical Specification Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Improved spectrum efficiency for RFID in the UHF BandETSI ETSI TS 102 562 V1.1.1 (2007-03) 2 Reference DTS/ERM-TG34-258 Keywords radio, SRD, UHF ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921
2、Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.or
3、g The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETS
4、I printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi
5、.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoin
6、g restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2007. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ET
7、SI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TS 102 562 V1.1.1 (2007-03) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviat
8、ions .6 3.1 Definitions6 3.2 Symbols7 3.3 Abbreviations .7 4 Channel sharing7 4.1 General concept7 4.2 Dense interrogator mode 8 4.2.1 Spectrum mask for tag 9 4.3 Principles of synchronization .9 4.3.1 Basic principles.9 4.4 Networked approach.10 4.4.1 Centralized systems 10 4.4.1.1 Outline descript
9、ion10 4.4.1.2 Interface requirements for interrogators11 4.4.1.3 LBT transceiver in centralized systems.12 4.4.2 Floating masters12 4.4.2.1 Outline description12 4.4.2.2 Detailed operation.13 4.5 In-band radio approach.15 4.5.1 Outline summary 15 4.5.2 Detailed operation.16 4.5.2.1 Definition of pre
10、-pulse 16 4.5.2.2 Slave interrogators 17 4.6 Autonomous NTP approach .18 4.6.1 Outline summary 18 4.6.2 Detailed operation.18 4.6.3 Preferred channel switching19 4.6.4 Channel acquisition.20 4.6.5 Interfacing with in-band radio approach.20 4.7 Multi-channel synchronization incorporating a System IDe
11、ntifier (SID) 21 5 Mixed Systems .24 6 Combining in-band systems with a site identifier 24 7 Synchronization between adjacent sites.24 Annex A (informative): Flow diagram of synchronized systems when using site identifier27 A.1 General Principles 27 A.2 Explanation of variables, timers and signals 2
12、8 A.3 State Description 28 Annex B (informative): Bibliography.29 History 30 ETSI ETSI TS 102 562 V1.1.1 (2007-03) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any
13、, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on
14、 the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) wh
15、ich are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Every TS prepared by ETSI is voluntary. This text should be considered as gui
16、dance only and does not make the present document mandatory. ETSI ETSI TS 102 562 V1.1.1 (2007-03) 5 1 Scope The present document has been written in response to a market requirement to operate many interrogators simultaneously in close proximity with each other. At the time that the standard EN 302
17、 208 1 was written it was believed that the provision of 10 channels at 2 W e.r.p. would be sufficient. With the adoption of RFID for large logistic applications it is apparent that the original estimate of usage was too low. An alternative method of operation has been devised in which multiple inte
18、rrogators can share the same channels. This technique is very spectrum efficient and relies on a process called synchronization. The same technique may be extended to permit synchronization between RFID systems in adjacent sites. This process will enable the market requirement to be satisfied while
19、ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. The present document provides guidance on recommended methods for the implementation of synchronization to ensure that RFID equipment will satisfy the requirements of EN 302 208 1. In order to satisfy the requirements of the R Radio Frequency Identif
20、ication Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W; Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement“. 2 ETSI EN 300 220-1: (V2.1.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in
21、 the 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz frequency range with power levels ranging up to 500 mW; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods“. 3 ERC/REC 70-03: “Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)“. 4 ISO/IEC 18000-6: “Information technology - Radio frequency identification for item management,
22、Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz“, 1st edition. 5 ISO/IEC 18000-6:2004/Amd.1:2006(E): “Information Technology - Radio frequency identification for item management - Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz, AMENDMENT 1: Extens
23、ion with Type C and update of Types A and B“. 6 Commission Decision of 23 November 2006 on harmonization of the radio spectrum for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band; (2006/804/EC). NOTE: See Official Journal of the European Union, L 329/64
24、. ETSI ETSI TS 102 562 V1.1.1 (2007-03) 6 7 Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity; Official Journal of the European Communities. NOTE: See Official
25、Journal of the European Union, L 91/10, 07.04.1999. 8 EPCglobal Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP), Version 1.0. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: assigned frequency band: frequency band within
26、which the device is authorized to operate battery assisted tag: transponder that includes a battery to enhance its receive performance and power its internal circuitry batteryless tag: transponder that derives all of the power necessary for its operation from the field generated by an interrogator b
27、attery powered tag: transponder that uses the power from its battery to perform all of its operational functions channel: frequency range within a designated frequency band in which an equipment may operate cluster: collection of interrogators that form a system or sub-system within a geographical a
28、rea dedicated antenna: removable antenna supplied and type tested with the radio equipment, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment frequency agile technique: the technique used to determine an unoccupied sub-band in order to minimize interference with other users of the same band link fr
29、equency: frequency offset of the tag backscatter with respect to the centre frequency of the interrogating signal in-band radio: means of communicating between interrogators using a radio signal at a frequency that lies within the band designated for use by RFID integral antenna: permanent fixed ant
30、enna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment interrogator: equipment that will activate an adjacent tag and read its data. It may also enter or modify the information in a tag load: collection of tagged objects that are carried on a transportable device such as a p
31、allet or dolly network approach: techniques used to interconnect interrogators such as Ethernet, WLAN etc but excluding in-band radio preferred channel: channel assigned to an interrogator which, provided it is available, shall be selected automatically as the channel of first choice presence sensin
32、g routine: routine that allows an interrogator to transmit for the shortest possible period necessary to detect the presence of a tag provider: manufacturer, or his authorized representative or the person responsible for placing on the market listen before talk: action taken by an interrogator to de
33、tect an unoccupied channel prior to transmitting NOTE: also known as “listen before transmit“. radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field ETSI ETSI TS 102 562 V1.1.1 (2007-03) 7 scan mode: specific test mode of an interrogator that detects a signal
34、 on a pre-selected channel and transmits automatically on another channel NOTE: See clause 4.2.4, clause 5 of EN 302 208 1. secondary channel: channels assigned to an interrogator, which shall be selected in the event that use of the preferred channel is not possible site: geographical area of limit
35、ed size that might incorporate one or more systems synchronization: technique that permits multiple interrogators to share the same channels while observing the rules for LBT system: set of interrogators operating in synchronization with regard to their timing and frequency of transmission tag: tran
36、sponder that holds data and responds to an interrogation signal talk mode: transmission of intentional radiation by an interrogator 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: dB decibel dBm power in decibels relative to 1 mW d distance fccentre frequency wavel
37、ength 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CW Continuous Wave ECC Electronic Communications Committee e.r.p. effective radiated power ERC European Radiocommunications Committee Fc Centre Frequency LAN Local Area Network LBT Listen Before Talk
38、 NTP Network Timing Protocol R See Note 3 Rise time pre-pulse tRPP10%-90% 25 s Parameters are aligned with ISO/IEC 18000-6 4; See Note 3 Fall time pre-pulse tFPP10%-90% 25 s Parameters are aligned with ISO/IEC 18000-6 4; See Note 3 Modulation depth for low phase PMOD 14 DB Parameters are aligned wit
39、h ISO/IEC 18000-6 4; See Note 3 NOTE 1: At the end of a 4 s transmit window, if an interrogator wishes to remain on the same channel, it must wait for 100 ms then perform LBT before continuing to transmit. The 100 ms wait period does not apply if the interrogator switches to a different channel. NOT
40、E 2: The Listen Time may vary and is dependent on the conditions described in clause 9.2 of EN 302 208 1. NOTE 3: The times specified must be long enough to fulfil the requirements of the spectrum mask in EN 302 208 1. 4.5.2.2 Slave interrogators A slave interrogator shall be capable of reliably ide
41、ntifying a transmission from a master interrogator. It may do this either by detecting the pre-pulse from the master or by demodulation of the optional data such that the slave clearly identifies the master interrogator. A slave may share the same channel as the master provided it satisfies one of t
42、he following two sets of conditions: Condition A: 1) The slave interrogator has detected a difference of at least 6 dB between the pre-pulse high and pre-pulse low levels. 2) The slave has either completed a successful LBT or the signal level received by the slave during tSPONwas more than -40 dBm.
43、(A signal level of greater than -40 dBm indicates that the slave is less than 200 m from the master). Condition B: 1) The slave identifies that the site identifier has been transmitted by an interrogator from the same cluster or system. 2) The deployment of the slave is arranged such that its distan
44、ce to a master with matching site identifier is less than 200 m. In these circumstances it is not necessary for the slave to perform its own LBT operation. In either case, provided the channel remains occupied, the slave may start to transmit at any time between the identification of the master and
45、the end of the transmit window tCU. If any interrogator subsequently wishes to interrogate, it is necessary for a new master to acquire a channel. Under condition B above, slave interrogators may share a channel without performing LBT when located within 200 m of the master interrogator. This is con
46、ditional on the ability of the slave to detect the presence of the master with a confidence level of at least 98 %. Since it is difficult to measure confidence levels in a reasonable time period, interrogator vendors shall provide either data or analysis to prove that their systems meet this require
47、ment. ETSI ETSI TS 102 562 V1.1.1 (2007-03) 184.6 Autonomous NTP approach 4.6.1 Outline summary The autonomous NTP approach makes use of a single timing source within the system as a reference. Typically this timing source is derived from the Network Timing Protocol (NTP), although it may also be ta
48、ken from other accurate sources such as GPS. All interrogators in the system complying with this approach are synchronized to the timing source so that they each perform their LBT function during the same window of time. Those interrogators that perform a successful LBT operation may then transmit f
49、or a pre-defined transmit period. At the end of the transmit period the process is repeated. Each interrogator will normally be assigned a preferred channel and one or more secondary channels. In order to minimize the off time, interrogators will normally switch immediately from one channel to another. To ensure that this operation works satisfactorily, it is necessary for all interrogators in a cluster to select the same channel at the same time. Performance is improved by the use of a pre-screening process, which is carried out by each inte
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