FAA 14 CFR PART 105-2011 PARACHUTE OPERATIONS《降落伞的操作》.pdf

1、904 14 CFR Ch. I (1111 Edition) Pt. 105 PART 105PARACHUTE OPERATIONS Subpart AGeneral Sec. 105.1 Applicability. 105.3 Definitions. 105.5 General. 105.7 use of alcohol and drugs. 105.9 Inspections. Subpart BOperating Rules 105.13 Radio equipment and use require-ments. 105.15 Information required and

2、notice of cancellation or postponement of a para-chute operation. 105.17 Flight visibility and clearance from cloud requirements. 105.19 Parachute operations between sunset and sunrise. 105.21 Parachute operations over or into a congested area or an open-air assembly of persons. 105.23 Parachute ope

3、rations over or onto airports. 105.25 Parachute operations in designated airspace. Subpart CParachute Equipment and Packing 105.41 Applicability. 105.43 Use of single-harness, dual-parachute systems. 105.45 Use of tandem parachute systems. 105.47 Use of static lines. 105.49 Foreign parachutists and

4、equipment. AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 4011340114, 4470144702, 44721. SOURCE: Doc. No. FAA19995483, 66 FR 23553, May 9, 2001, unless otherwise noted. 105.1 Applicability. (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, this part pre-scribes rules governing parachute oper-ations co

5、nducted in the United States. (b) This part does not apply to a parachute operation conducted (1) In response to an in-flight emer-gency, or (2) To meet an emergency on the sur-face when it is conducted at the direc-tion or with the approval of an agency of the United States, or of a State, Puerto R

6、ico, the District of Columbia, or a possession of the United States, or an agency or political subdivision thereof. (c) Sections 105.5, 105.9, 105.13, 105.15, 105.17, 105.19 through 105.23, 105.25(a)(1) and 105.27 of this part do not apply to a parachute operation conducted by a member of an Armed F

7、orce (1) Over or within a restricted area when that area is under the control of an Armed Force. (2) During military operations in un-controlled airspace. 105.3 Definitions. For the purposes of this part Approved parachute means a para-chute manufactured under a type cer-tificate or a Technical Stan

8、dard Order (C23 series), or a personnel-carrying U.S. military parachute (other than a high altitude, high speed, or ejection type) identified by a Navy Air Facility, an Army Air Field, and Air Force-Navy drawing number, an Army Air Field order number, or any other military designation or specificat

9、ion number. Automatic Activation Device means a self-contained mechanical or electro- mechanical device that is attached to the interior of the reserve parachute container, which automatically initi-ates parachute deployment of the re-serve parachute at a pre-set altitude, time, percentage of termin

10、al velocity, or combination thereof. Direct Supervision means that a cer-tificated rigger personally observes a non-certificated person packing a main parachute to the extent necessary to ensure that it is being done properly, and takes responsibility for that pack-ing. Drop Zone means any pre-deter

11、mined area upon which parachutists or ob-jects land after making an intentional parachute jump or drop. The center- point target of a drop zone is expressed in nautical miles from the nearest VOR facility when 30 nautical miles or less; or from the nearest airport, town, or city depicted on the appr

12、opriate Coast and Geodetic Survey World Aero-nautical Chart or Sectional Aero-nautical Chart, when the nearest VOR facility is more than 30 nautical miles from the drop zone. Foreign parachutist means a para-chutist who is neither a U.S. citizen or a resident alien and is participating in parachute

13、operations within the United VerDate Mar2010 11:09 Mar 07, 2011 Jkt 223044 PO 00000 Frm 00914 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223044.XXX 223044wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-905 Federal Aviation Administrat

14、ion, DOT 105.7 States using parachute equipment not manufctured in the United States. Freefall means the portion of a para-chute jump or drop between aircraft exit and parachute deployment in which the parachute is activated manually by the parachutist at the parachutists discretion or automati-call

15、y, or, in the case of an object, is ac-tivated automatically. Main parachute means a parachute worn as the primary parachute used or intended to be used in conjunction with a reserve parachute. Object means any item other than a person that descends to the surface from an aircraft in flight when a p

16、ara-chute is used or is intended to be used during all or part of the descent. Parachute drop means the descent of an object to the surface from an air-craft in flight when a parachute is used or intended to be used during all or part of that descent. Parachute jump means a parachute operation that

17、involves the descent of one or more persons to the surface from an aircraft in flight when an air-craft is used or intended to be used dur-ing all or part of that descent. Parachute operation means the per-formance of all activity for the purpose of, or in support of, a parachute jump or a parachute

18、 drop. This parachute op-eration can involve, but is not limited to, the following persons: parachutist, parachutist in command and passenger in tandem parachute operations, drop zone or owner or operator, jump mas-ter, certificated parachute rigger, or pilot. Parachutist means a person who in-tends

19、 to exit an aircraft while in flight using a single-harness, dual parachute system to descend to the surface. Parachutist in command means the person responsible fro the operation and safety of a tandem parachute oper-ation. Passenger parachutist means a person who boards an aircraft, acting as othe

20、r than the parachutist in command of a tandem parachute operation, with the intent of exiting the aircraft while in- flight using the forward harness of a dual harness tandem parachute system to descend to the surface. Pilot chute means a small parachute used to initiate and/or accelerate de-ploymen

21、t of a main or reserve para-chute. Ram-air parachute means a parachute with a canopy consisting of an upper and lower surface that is inflated by ram air entering through specially de-signed openings in the front of the can-opy to form a gliding airfoil. Reserve parachute means an approved parachute

22、 worn for emergency use to be activated only upon failure of the main parachute or in any other emer-gency where use of the main parachute is impractical or use of the main para-chute would increase risk. Single-harness, dual parachute system: means the combination of a main para-chute, approved res

23、erve parachute, and approved single person harness and dual-parachute container. This para-chute system may have an operational automatic activation device installed. Tandem parachute operation: means a parachute operation in which more than one person simultaneously uses the same tandem parachute s

24、ystem while descending to the surface from an aircraft in flight. Tandem parachute system: means the combination of a main parachute, ap-proved reserve parachute, and approved harness and dual parachute container, and a separate approved forward har-ness for a passenger parachutist. This parachute s

25、ystem must have an oper-ational automatic activation device in-stalled. 105.5 General. No person may conduct a parachute operation, and no pilot in command of an aircraft may allow a parachute op-eration to be conducted from an air-craft, if that operation creates a hazard to air traffic or to perso

26、ns or property on the surface. 105.7 Use of alcohol and drugs. No person may conduct a parachute operation, and no pilot in command of an aircraft may allow a person to con-duct a parachute operation from that aircraft, if that person is or appears to be under the influence of (a) Alcohol, or (b) An

27、y drug that affects that per-sons faculties in any way contrary to safety. VerDate Mar2010 11:09 Mar 07, 2011 Jkt 223044 PO 00000 Frm 00915 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223044.XXX 223044wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license

28、 from IHS-,-,-906 14 CFR Ch. I (1111 Edition) 105.9 105.9 Inspections. The Administrator may inspect any parachute operation to which this part applies (including inspections at the site where the parachute operation is being conducted) to determine compli-ance with the regulations of this part. Sub

29、part BOperating Rules 105.13 Radio equipment and use re-quirements. (a) Except when otherwise authorized by air traffic control (1) No person may conduct a para-chute operation, and no pilot in com-mand of an aircraft may allow a para-chute operation to be conducted from that aircraft, in or into co

30、ntrolled air-space unless, during that flight (i) The aircraft is equipped with a functioning two-way radio communica-tion system appropriate to the air traf-fic control facilities being used; and (ii) Radio communications have been established between the aircraft and the air traffic control facili

31、ty having jurisdiction over the affected airspace of the first intended exit altitude at least 5 minutes before the parachute operation begins. The pilot in com-mand must establish radio communica-tions to receive information regarding air traffic activity in the vicinity of the parachute operation.

32、 (2) The pilot in command of an air-craft used for any parachute operation in or into controlled airspace must, during each flight (i) Continuously monitor the appro-priate frequency of the aircrafts radio communications system from the time radio communications are first estab-lished between the ai

33、rcraft and air traffic control, until the pilot advises air traffic control that the parachute operation has ended for that flight. (ii) Advise air traffic control when the last parachutist or object leaves the aircraft. (b) Parachute operations must be aborted if, prior to receipt of a required air

34、 traffic control authorization, or during any parachute operation in or into controlled airspace, the required radio communications system is or be-comes inoperative. 105.15 Information required and no-tice of cancellation or postpone-ment of a parachute operation. (a) Each person requesting an auth

35、or-ization under 105.21(b) and 105.25(a)(2) of this part and each person submitting a notification under 105.25(a)(3) of this part must provide the following infor-mation (on an individual or group basis): (1) The date and time the parachute operation will begin. (2) The radius of the drop zone arou

36、nd the target expressed in nautical miles. (3) The location of the center of the drop zone in relation to (i) The nearest VOR facility in terms of the VOR radial on which it is lo-cated and its distance in nautical miles from the VOR facility when that facil-ity is 30 nautical miles or less from the

37、 drop zone target; or (ii) the nearest airport, town, or city depicted on the appropriate Coast and Geodetic Survey World Aeronautical Chart or Sectional Aeronautical Chart, when the nearest VOR facility is more than 30 nautical miles from the drop zone target. (4) Each altitude above mean sea level

38、 at which the aircraft will be oper-ated when parachutists or objects exist the aircraft. (5) The duration of the intended para-chute operation. (6) The name, address, and telephone number of the person who requests the authorization or gives notice of the parachute operation. (7) The registration n

39、umber of the aircraft to be used. (8) The name of the air traffic control facility with jurisdiction of the air-space at the first intended exit altitude to be used for the parachute operation. (b) Each holder of a certificate of au-thorization issued under 105.21(b) and 105.25(b) of this part must

40、present that certificate for inspection upon the re-quest of the Administrator or any Fed-eral, State, or local official. (c) Each person requesting an author-ization under 105.21(b) and 105.25(a)(2) of this part and each person submitting a notice under 105.25(a)(3) of this part must promptly notif

41、y the air traffic control facility having jurisdiction VerDate Mar2010 11:09 Mar 07, 2011 Jkt 223044 PO 00000 Frm 00916 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223044.XXX 223044wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-907 Fe

42、deral Aviation Administration, DOT 105.23 over the affected airspace if the pro-posed or scheduled parachute operation is canceled or postponed. 105.17 Flight visibility and clearance from cloud requirements. No person may conduct a parachute operation, and no pilot in command of an aircraft may all

43、ow a parachute op-eration to be conducted from that air-craft (a) Into or through a cloud, or (b) When the flight visibility or the distance from any cloud is less than that prescribed in the following table: Altitude Flight vis-ibility (statute miles) Distance from clouds 1,200 feet or less above t

44、he surface re-gardless of the MSL altitude.3 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, 2,000 feet horizontal. More than 1,200 feet above the surface but less than 10,000 feet MSL.3 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, 2,000 feet horizontal. More than 1,200 feet above the surface and at or above 10,000 feet MSL

45、.5 1,000 feet below, 1,000 feet above, 1 mile horizontal. 105.19 Parachute operations between sunset and sunrise. (a) No person may conduct a para-chute operation, and no pilot in com-mand of an aircraft may allow a person to conduct a parachute operation from an aircraft between sunset and sunrise,

46、 unless the person or object descending from the aircraft displays a light that is visible for at least 3 statute miles. (b) The light required by paragraph (a) of this section must be displayed from the time that the person or object is under a properly functioning open parachute until that person

47、or object reaches the surface. 105.21 Parachute operations over or into a congested area or an open-air assembly of persons. (a) No person may conduct a para-chute operation, and no pilot in com-mand of an aircraft may allow a para-chute operation to be conducted from that aircraft, over or into a c

48、ongested area of a city, town, or settlement, or an open-air assembly of persons unless a certificate of authorization for that parachute operation has been issued under this section. However, a para-chutist may drift over a congested area or an open-air assembly of persons with a fully deployed and

49、 properly func-tioning parachute if that parachutist is at a sufficient altitude to avoid cre-ating a hazard to persons or property on the surface. (b) An application for a certificate of authorization issued under this section must (1) Be made in the form and manner prescribed by the Administrator, and (2) Contain the information required in 105.15(a) of this part. (c) Each holder of, and each person named as a participant in a certificate