FORD FLTM BI 109-01-2011 VISUAL APPEARANCE EVALUATION《视觉外观评估》.pdf

1、 FORD LABORATORY TEST METHOD FLTM BI 109-01 Date Action Revisions 2011 09 26 Revised Replaces BO 109-01 C. Starke, FoE Revised in reference to (inter)national norms 2001 03 14 Revised Editorial no technical change A. Cockman 1995 08 25 Activated Controlled document at www.MATS Copyright 2011, Ford G

2、lobal Technologies, Inc. Page 1 of 9 VISUAL APPEARANCE EVALUATION 1. Scope and Field of Application 1.1 Scope This method agrees in principle with ASTM D1729. This method covers a subjective procedure for visual comparison of an interior samples color against a reference under illuminants of differe

3、nt spectral distributions. Visual assessment in accordance with this method will always override numerical measurement data and is compulsory for any type of appearance approval. 1.2 Field of Application The application differentiates solid (uni) and effect colors and is recommended, but not limited

4、 to the following materials: Substrate Solid Colors (uni) Effect Colors Plastic - solids with or without texture - painted, excluding effect colors - foils, sheets for distribution within the specific region only (must be coded different to master). Reference Approval A visual approval to either a m

5、aster or regional standard to validate Design Intent and verify feasibility of specific materials. FORD LABORATORY TEST METHOD FLTM BI 109-01 Copyright 2011, Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Page 3 of 9 2.6 Pile-Direction Sensitive A fabric appears different after brushing over the surface with the ha

6、nd. 2.7 Reference A master or any other physical sample that the evaluation of samples is correlated to. If only compared within a sample lot, the one sample is chosen to be reference that is visually closest to the idea/vision of the evaluator. 2.8 Structure Structures are imprints or regular sewin

7、g lines that generate locally different pile heights and therefore lead to visually perceivable contrast differences. 3. Requirements 3.1 General All personnel involved in viewing and evaluating color shall have taken both - a color vision test (recommended: Ishihara Color-Blindness Test) & - a visi

8、on acuity and discrimination test (recommended: Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test) For self-assessment and awareness of capabilities, tests, according to ASTM E1499, shall be repeated at sufficiently frequent intervals. All evaluators shall be familiar with the appearance difference rating scheme acco

9、rding to EN ISO 3668: Rating Degree of difference 0 No perceptible difference 1 Very slightly, i.e. just perceptible, difference 2 Slight, but clearly perceptible, difference 3 Moderate difference 4 Considerable difference 5 Very major difference 3.2 Equipment & Maintenance 3.2.1 Illuminating units

10、The spectral distribution of the illuminating units specified below has been established by the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) and is described in ASTM E308. Daylight illumination (CIE Illuminant D65, daylight) shall simulate average daylight at the test piece substrate with a Color

11、Rendering Index 95 & class B minimum according to ISO/CIE 23603. Incandescent illumination (CIE Illuminant A, light bulb) shall simulate incandescent lighting in homes, at offices, early morning sunrise and late afternoon sunset conditions at the test piece substrate. FORD LABORATORY TEST METHOD FLT

12、M BI 109-01 Copyright 2011, Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Page 4 of 9 Fluorescent three-band illumination (CIE Illuminant F11, TL84) shall simulate fluorescent lighting used in production, exhibition halls and sale premises at the test piece substrate. 3.2.2 Photometric conditions The level of illu

13、mination at the centre of the test piece substrate shall normally be 1080 - 1340 lux (100 - 125 fc). For critically reviewing very light materials, the level of illumination should, if possible, be as low as 540 lux (50 fc), and for critically reviewing very dark materials, the level of illumination

14、 should, if possible, be as high as 2150 lux (200fc). The higher level of illumination is usually obtained by holding the substrates nearer the illumination source. The luminance in the room shall be so low that the assessment is not affected. 3.2.3 Geometric conditions The illumination shall fall o

15、nto the test pieces mainly from above and be evenly distributed over the assessment area. The test pieces shall be placed in the same plane, side by side and close to each other at an angle of 45 to the incoming beams of light and viewed at right angles to the area of evaluation or vice versa. All d

16、eviations in the form of level and angular errors, especially between the test pieces, shall be minimized. The test pieces shall be viewed at a distance of 0,5 - 1 m. 3.2.4 Test piece substrate and environment The assessment area shall be screened from foreign illumination. The test piece substrate

17、and surrounding surfaces, including booth, table, ambient visual field, lab coat, gloves and the field of view seen when the observer glances away from the test pieces, shall have a matte neutral grey color corresponding to Munsell notation N7. 3.2.5 Equipment proposed Equipment meeting the requirem

18、ents of this method is GretagMacbeth SpectraLight III (also Master Equipment) and is therefore recommended as secondary equipment. 3.2.6 Maintenance of Equipment Maintenance of the light booth is of prime importance in providing a constant and reliable source of illumination. The following parts of

19、the equipment shall be maintained frequently, as follows: Daylight illumination all of the lamps shall be replaced when the light intensity falls outside the prior specified range of 1080 - 1340 lux (100 - 125 fc). Incandescent illumination all of the lamps shall be replaced after 2000 hours of oper

20、ation. If color temperature exceeds 200K from nominal (2850K), it must be serviced. FORD LABORATORY TEST METHOD FLTM BI 109-01 Copyright 2011, Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Page 5 of 9 Fluorescent three-band illumination all of the lamps shall be replaced after 7500 hours of operation. If color tem

21、perature exceeds 200K from nominal (4150K), it must be serviced. Light Filters and Diffusing Glass Panels In frequent intervals clean with soft cloth (starch free) dampened with chloroform, naphtha or alcohol when these are cold. Reflectors and Reflector Deck In frequent intervals clean with dry clo

22、th. 4. Conditioning & Test Conditions 4.1 Conditioning of Samples Before testing all samples have to be conditioned to equilibrium at 21 2C and 50 5% RH according to SAE J1767. Textiles are considered in equilibrium after 24 h of conditioning or when the change in mass at 2 h intervals does not exce

23、ed 0.2%. Other materials, such as plastics, do normally require to have reached above temperature range prior to evaluation. The pile-direction sensitive fabrics have to be brushed prior to measurement: first against the pile-direction (sample appears darker), then with the pile-direction (sample ap

24、pears lighter). For needle punch fabrics the clean, greaseless hand can be used, while all other pile-direction sensitive fabrics require a clothbrush with polyester monofilaments of at least 20 mm length and 0.25 mm thickness. Fabrics that are not pile-direction sensitive do not need to be brushed.

25、 4.2 Test Conditions The sample and reference shall be visually checked for inhomogeneities in texture and gloss. The surface shall be free of dust, grease, contaminations or stains. All damaged areas that are no result of specific testing methods to be evaluated (e.g. scratch tests, etc.) need to b

26、e excluded from the measurements. If there is a defined direction of the test piece (e.g. up and down or a mounting direction), the sample and the reference shall be evaluated in the same direction. For translucent materials (e.g. fabrics, etc.) the substrate shall be chosen corresponding to the sub

27、strate of the finished part. Where feasible, the size of sample and reference shall be equal and corresponding to the finished part. 5. Procedure The assessment is normally made at daylight illumination D65 that shall be switched on at least 5 minutes prior to evaluation. It is recommended though no

28、t necessary to proceed with an uneven number of at least three evaluators. FORD LABORATORY TEST METHOD FLTM BI 109-01 Copyright 2011, Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Page 6 of 9 5.1 Face Matching The test pieces shall be viewed at an angle of 45 with illumination at an angle of 0 or vice versa. Any o

29、bserved difference shall be analyzed by the components of - lightness (or value), square4 DL: lighter (+), darker (-) or undefined () - chroma (or saturation), square4 DC: more chroma (+), less chroma (-)or undefined () - hue square4 DH: more red (r), more yellow (y), more green (g), more blue (b) o

30、r undefined () - sparkle (when in doubt compare with Maglite) and square4 DS: more sparkle (+), less sparkle (-)or undefined () - graininess (when in doubt compare with F11). square4 DG: coarser (+), finer (-) or undefined () with an indication of the order of the prominence of these components acco

31、rding to the table in 3.1 of this method. 5.2 Near Specular-, Flash-, Flop- & Post Assembly Position Matching The sample and reference are assessed at all intermediate positions at daylight illumination D65 when rotated away from the observer to the flash angle at as+25 and when rotated towards the

32、observer to the flop angle at as+75. For effect color evaluations the near specular angles as+15 & as-15 and the additional flop angle of as+110 are advised too. In addition assessment in the later post assembly position is recommended. Any observed color difference shall be analysed by the componen

33、ts according to 5.1 of this method. 5.3 Metamerism Material metamerism in the sample is assessed for the face angle by alternating the illuminant between the different illuminating units (D65, A, F11). If the difference in color changes between the sample and the reference when the illuminant is cha

34、nged there is metamerism. Any metamerism shall be taken into consideration at evaluation according to the table in 3.1 of this method. 5.4 Texture The texture of the sample is assessed at all intermediate positions at daylight illumination D65 when rotated away from the observer to the flash angle a

35、t as+25 and when rotated towards the observer to the flop angle at as+75. Any difference in texture shall be taken into consideration at evaluation according to the table in 3.1 of this method. FORD LABORATORY TEST METHOD FLTM BI 109-01 Copyright 2011, Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Page 7 of 9 6. E

36、valuation 6.1 Result On evaluation the object is assessed as APPROVED or NOT APPROVED Note: Even if constant boundary conditions are applied considerable deviations of evaluation results are to be expected. In cases the approval is not granted, it is recommended though not necessary to measure the c

37、olor difference(s) according to the method BI 109-02 and/or the gloss difference(s) according to the method BI 110-01. On basis of those estimates further guidance can be given. If the measurement evaluation result is contrary to the visual evaluation result, it is recommended though not necessary t

38、o consult another evaluator. For a successful assessment, the following is recommended: - Do not study any measurement results nor assessment results or views of others before performing your assessment. - Critical assessments should be made by at least three persons with alternating positioning of

39、sample and reference (from the left to the right side). - The assessment shall be performed within 1 - 3 minutes. - Use test piece holder to guarantee same levels and angles of sample and reference at all times. - If the sample is compared to a Master the difference of the Master to the Final Approv

40、al (Design Intent) needs to be taken into account. - As a complement an assessment can be made outdoors in daylight, which is strongly recommended for developing new colors. - Have your color vision checked regularly and make sure no evaluator has insufficient color vision in regard to the evaluatio

41、n task. 7. Report The test report shall include: 7.1 Identification a. for references & samples separately Name / Color, Application, D C C Code, Manufacturer, Technology, Material, Ident-#, Date issued 7.2 Illumination Information a. Outdoors Location, Date and Time, Conditions b. Light Booth Name,

42、 Serial Number, Main illumination, Indication if operation time is exceeded according to 3.2.6 of this method 7.3 Evaluation Data a. Face Matching values & respective rating DL, DC, DH, DS, DG b. Worst of Flop, Flash, Near Specular or Post Assembly Position Matching values & respective rating Aspecu

43、lar evaluation angle, DL, DC, DH, DS, DG c. Metamerism Rating for illuminant A , rating for illuminant F11 d. Texture Rating FORD LABORATORY TEST METHOD FLTM BI 109-01 Copyright 2011, Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Page 8 of 9 e. Result according to 6.1 of this method 7.4 Responsibility a. Ford repr

44、esentative(s) b. Supplier representative 7.4 Comments a. other observations that have affected the measurement, e.g. gloss, stains, scratches, surface, structure, curvature, etc. b. any agreed deviation from this method, e.g. temperature, humidity, etc. c. the remark visual assessment in accordance

45、with Ford method BI 109-01 8. Literature 8.1 List of References The norms and standards referred to in this method are listed below. ASTM E284 Standard Terminology of Appearance ASTM E308 Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System ASTM E1499 Standard Guide for Sele

46、ction, Evaluation, and Training of Observers BI109-02 Color Measurement BI110-01 Gloss Measurement of Paint Panels EN ISO 3668 Paints and Varnishes Visual Comparison of the Color of Paints ISO/CIE 23603 Standard Method of Assessing the Spectral Quality of Daylight Simulators for Visual Appraisal and

47、 Measurement of Color SAE J1767 Instrumental Color Difference Measurements for Colorfastness of Automotive Interior Trim Materials 8.2 Further Reading The sources taken into account for this method are listed below. ASTM D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials FORD LABORATORY TEST METHOD FLTM BI 109-01 Copyright 2011, Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Page 9 of 9 Appendix 1. Illumination observervisual(fixed observer)instrumental(fixed sample)flopfaceflashnearspecularevaluationangles