GME 00150-2011 Bolted Joints (Revision 6 English This standard may be applied only for current programs It is inactive for all future projects and without replacement).pdf

1、GeneralSpecification GME 00150LIMITED USEBolted JointsNOTE: This standard may be applied only for current programs.It is inactive for all future projects and without replacement.1 Introduction1.1 Scope. For all bolted joints.1.2 Mission / Theme. This specification containsguidelines for the mating o

2、f bolts and nuts and for thedeterminationofthetighteningtorque forboltedjoints.This specification defines the data contained in thetorque tables. This data provides for the correctassembly of bolted joints.1.3 Classification. Not applicable.Note: Nothing in the specification, however, super-sedes ap

3、plicable laws and regulations unless a spe-cific exemption has been obtained.Note: In the event of a conflict between the GermanandtheEnglishlanguage,the Germanlanguageshalltake precedence.2 ReferencesNote: Only the latest approved standards are appli-cable unless otherwise specified.2.1 External St

4、andards/Specifications.DIN 13-1 DIN 13-5DIN 13-6 DIN 13-14DIN 13-28 DIN 267-4DIN 267-12 DIN 267-24DIN 969 DIN ISO 898-1DIN ISO 898-2 DIN ISO 898-62.2 GM Standards/Specifications.QS 101000 QS 103500QS 104500 QS 818100QN 400600 QN 4096GDQT 000152 L0000153GMW2 GMW4GMW5 GMW102.3 Additional References. V

5、DI Guideline 2230,page 13 Test Preparation and Evaluation3.1 Resources.3.1.1 Calibration. The test facilities and equipmentshall be in good working order and shall have a validcalibration label.3.1.2 Alternatives. Alternative test facilities andequipment may also be used. However, all measur-ing var

6、iables as specified in this specification shallbe determined correctly with respect to its physicaldefinition.3.1.3 Facilities. According to the respective testmethod.3.1.4 Equipment. According to the respective testmethod.3.2 Test Samples. According to the respective testmethod.3.3 Conditioning. Ac

7、cording to the respective testmethod.3.4 Documentation. Samples of componentsor material released to this specification shall betested for conformity with the requirements of thisspecification and approved by the responsible GMDepartment prior to the start of delivery of productionlevel components o

8、r materials.Any change to the component or material, e.g.design, function, properties, manufacturing processand/or location of manufacture requires a newrelease of the product. It is the sole responsibility ofthe supplier to provide the customer, unsolicited, withdocumentation of any change or modif

9、ication to theproduct/process, and to apply for a new release.If not otherwise agreed to the entire verification testshall be repeated and documented by the supplierprior to start of delivery of the modified or changedproduct. In some cases a shorter test can be agreedto between the responsible GM D

10、epartment and thesupplier. Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights ReservedPublication Department: GME Specification CenterIssue 6 - November 2011 Page 1 of 18PRD045 - VPRE ST 1 10/03 GME 00150 GM EUROPE ENGINEERING STANDARDS3.4.1 Test Results. According to the respective testmethod.3.4.2 D

11、eviations from Test Procedure. Deviationsfrom the requirements of the test procedures shallhave been agreed upon. Such requirements shallbespecifiedoncomponentdrawings, testcertificates,reports etc.4 Requirements and Procedure4.1 Mating of Bolts and Nuts.4.1.1 Thread Tolerances. If not otherwise spe

12、cified,the following thread tolerances for internally for prod-uct grade A are applicable:Tolerance zones for metric bolts and nuts toDIN 13-14.Bolt Nut6g 6HFor welded nuts and similar welded joining elementswith internal threads however thread tolerance 6Gshall be applied. The tolerance band is app

13、licablewithout any coating. With coatings, the zero-line forbolt threads shall not be exceeded for nut threads, itshall not fall below.4.1.2 Property Classes. The bolt dimensionsrequired to ensure an efficient operation allow forincreasing strength and yield limits, i.e. 0.2 % -material yield streng

14、th for reduction in space andweight.The property classes, mechanical characteristics,strength and toughness characteristics, as well asthe testing procedures for bolts are standardized inDIN ISO 898-1.For nuts, the property classes are contained in thefollowing standards:DIN ISO 898-2DIN ISO 898-6DI

15、N 267-4DIN 267-244.1.2.1 Property Classes of Bolts. According toDIN ISO 898-1 the identification system for propertyclasses of bolts, is established as follows:The property class code consists of 2 numbers (seeTable 1) which are separated by a point:The first number corresponds to 1/100 of the nom-i

16、nal tensile strength Rm in N/mm2.Thesecondvalueindicates the 10-fold relationshipof the lower yield strength Rel (nominal value) or0.2 % - yield strength Rp0.2 to the nominal tensilestrength Rm (yield point ratio).The multiplication of both values results in 1/10 of thenominal yield point in N/mm2.T

17、henominalvalues are less than or equalto the loweryield point Rel or 0.2 % - yield point Rp0.2 and theminimum tensile strength Rm.Table 1: Property Class CodeFirst number 3 4 5 6 8 10 12Nominal tensile strength in N/mm2 300 400 500 600 800 1000 1200Second number .6 .8 .9Lower yield stress Rel (Note

18、1) or 0.2 % - yield stress Rp0.2 (Note1) 60 80 90x100in%Nominal tensile strength RmNote 1: Nominal value Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights ReservedPage 2 of 18 Issue 6 - November 2011PRD045 - VPRE ST G 10/03GM EUROPE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GME 00150Table 2: MinimumValues forTensileStre

19、ngth Rm andLowerYield Stress Rel or 0.2%-Yield Stress Rp0.2Property Unit Property Class3.6 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8 9.8 10.9 12.9d d 16 mm d 16 mmTensile Strength Rm N/mm2 330 400 420 500 520 600 800 830 900 1040 1220Lower yield stress Rel N/mm2 190 240 340 300 420 4800.2 % proof stress Rp0.2 N/mm2 6

20、40 660 720 940 1100Examples for the identification of property class ofbolts:Figure 1: Example for the Identification of Hexagon Head BoltsProperty class 8.8Nominal tensile stress = 100 x 8 = 800 N/mm2Nominal 0.2 % - yield stress = 10 x 8 x 8 =640N/mm2Figure 2: Example for the Identification of Hexa

21、gon-Socket-Head Cap BoltsProperty class 12.9Nominal tensile strength = 100 x 12 = 1200 N/mm2Nominal 0.2% - yield stress = 10 x 12 x 9= 1080 N/mm2Further possibilities for the identification are estab-lished in DIN ISO 898-1, paragraph 9.2.Note: Crucial in the sizing of bolts is the yield point,respe

22、ctively the 0.2 % - yield stress. With torqueoperated assembly, the yield stress respectively the0.2 % - yield stress may in general be used withges = 0.1 only up to 90 %; with angle of rotation oryield point operated assembly, greater stress forcesresult in general, which are dependent up on G andt

23、he real yield point only.Criteria for the toughness of the bolt material are theelongation at break, impact strength of the head andthe notched impact resistance. The toughness ofthe bolt plays a meaningful role, because the threadgrooves shall resist and avoid deformation and brittlefracturing. Ref

24、er to QT 000152.4.1.2.2 Property Classes of Nuts with Full LoadCapacity.4.1.2.2.1 To DIN ISO 898-2 and DIN ISO 898-6, nutswith full load capacity nominal heights t 0.8 D (effec-tive thread height t 0.6 D) shall be identified with a Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights ReservedIssue 6 - N

25、ovember 2011 Page 3 of 18PRD045 - VPRE ST U 10/03GME 00150 GM EUROPE ENGINEERING STANDARDSvalue corresponding to the highest boltproperty classwith which the nut could be mated (refer to paragraph4.1.2.4.1).Figure 3: Example for Identification with the Identification Number of the Property ClassFurt

26、her possibilities for identification are described inDINISO898-2andDINISO898-6, paragraph9each.4.1.2.2.2 To DIN 267-4, the previous propertyclasses for nuts shall be identificated by a nominalvalue, which corresponds to 1/100 of the test stressin N/mm2 relative to a hardened test mandrel. Thistest s

27、tress is equal to the nominal tensile strengthof a bolt, which can be loaded in mating with thecorresponding nut up to the nominal yield point of thebolt.Table 3: Identification of Property ClassNominal value of property class 4 5 6 8 10 12Test stress SP in N/mm2 400 500 600 800 1000 1200Identificat

28、ion of property class I4I I5I I6I I8I I10I I12IConsidering the new property classes according toDIN ISO 898-2 and DIN ISO 898-6 (ISO-classes) withhigher test forces, nuts of previous property classesshall be identified by means of two vertical strokes oneither side of the nominal value (see Table 3)

29、.Figure 4: Example of the Property Class Identification4.1.2.3 Property Classes of Nuts with reducedLoad Capacity. According to DIN ISO 898-2 andDIN ISO 898-6, nuts with reduced load capacitynominal height t 0.5 D and 16 43.6, 4.6, 4.8 d 16 55.6, 5.8 d 39 56.8 d 39 d 39 68.8 d 39 d 39 88.8 16 d 39 9

30、9.8 d 16 910.9 d 39 d 39 1012.9 d 39 d 16 12An equivalentapplicationfor boltandnut ispracticalifthe identification number for the property class of thenut is equal to the first number in the identification ofthe bolt property class:Example: Nut of property class 10 for a bolt of prop-erty class 10.9

31、.Nutsof ahigher property class maygenerally beusedwith bolts of a lower property class, e.g. bolt of prop-erty class 5.6 - with a nut of property class 8.4.1.2.4.2 The mechanical characteristics of nuts withreduced load capacity property classes 04 and 05 areestablished in DIN ISO 898-2 and DIN ISO

32、898-6, aswellas nuts without specified load capacity (hardnessclasses) - identified by 11 H, 14 H, 17 H or 22 H -are specified in DIN 267-24. Optional criteria, loadcapacity and assembly instructions be specified forthe appropriate application.4.1.3 MinimumThread Depth. For the nut thread inthe work

33、piece, Table 6 provides values for the mini-mum threaddepthfordifferentmaterials(derivedfromTable 12, VDI 2230, sheet 1): Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights ReservedIssue 6 - November 2011 Page 5 of 18PRD045 - VPRE ST U 10/03GME 00150 GM EUROPE ENGINEERING STANDARDSTable 6: Minimum Thr

34、ead DepthBolt property class 8.8 8.8 10.9 10.9Thread detail d/P 9 t9 9 t9GMW5M-AL-C 1.1d 1.4d GMW4M-IR-C 1.0d 1.2d 1.4dQS 101000 1.0d 1.25 d 1.4dQS 103500 0.9d 1.0d 1.2dQS 104500tempered to (241 . 285) HB 0.8d 0.9d 1.0dAbbreviations in the preceding table:d = Thread outer diameter (nominal diameter)

35、 in mmP = Thread pitch in mmFine threads essentially require larger thread depthsand/or nut thread strengths. They are more sensi-tive to damage and contamination. They are proneto through multiple tightening, having however theirsafety advantages and can, given sufficient threaddepth, exhibit a gre

36、ater force than bolts with regularthreads.With the minimum screw depth, the nut thread shallsatisfy the corresponding required property class fortest force trial in the respective standard. These fea-tures are set out in the similar part drawing.Figure 5: Cylindrical Spotface in the Nut Thread or in

37、 the Stiffening PieceFor increase the bearing strength bolted joints can beattached in the nut thread or in the stiffening piece acylindrical spotface (see Figure 5).4.1.4 Surface Pressure at Bolt Head- and NutSeating Surface. In the seating surface betweenbolt head and nut on the one hand and the s

38、tressedcomponent on the other hand, no damage to thebolted joint resulting from either the initial stressingforceFVnor from the maximum force applied duringassembly tighteningis permitted. Through creeping atolerable contact pressure adjust automatically afterthe assembly.In the bonded union there s

39、hould be no washers orother spacers, which through long term creepage Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights ReservedPage 6 of 18 Issue 6 - November 2011PRD045 - VPRE ST G 10/03GM EUROPE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GME 00150diminish the initial preload where necessary the seal-ing function and t

40、he resistance against the squeezingforce shall be constructively separated.Table 7 contains the standard values (experimentallydetermined) for the maximum permissible contactpressure, as long as the plastic zone is not reachedduring tightening.Table 7: Standard ValuesMaterial Tensile strength Rm in

41、N/mm2 Surface pressure limitPG in N/mm2QS 101000 / GMW2M-ST-S 360 / 270 300QS 103500 470 420QS 104500tempered to (240 . 285) HB (820.980) 700QS 818100 (500.700) 210GMW4M-IR-C 250 800GMW10M-IR-C-N350A-22 350 480GMW5M-AL-C (180.260) 220QN 400600 160 140QN 4096GD 275 504.2 Assembly Procedure.4.2.1 Gene

42、ral. The tightening method used widelytoday does not monitor the preload FV produced inthe bolt directly (e.g. by strain gauge), but indirectly.The measurement values remain the same appliedtightening torque MA and angle of rotation the sameM of the screw spindle to the joint.The monitoring and link

43、age of these two measure-ments permit a greater utilization of the bolt, a higherassembly safety respectively safety of results and abetter documentation of results.Figure 6 shows the principal curve for equation MA =f(M) for a random bolted joint. For a torque-tightenedassembly, a bolt may be rando

44、mly re-used.For a rotation angle and yield point assembly, boltsmay only be used twice. For these assembly cases,bolts shall fulfill the requirements of QT 000152.Sufficient lubrication of the joint elements (bolt andnut) shall be observed for every assembly.4.2.2 Torque Controlled Tightening. Copyr

45、ight 2011 General Motors Company All Rights ReservedIssue 6 - November 2011 Page 7 of 18PRD045 - VPRE ST U 10/03GME 00150 GM EUROPE ENGINEERING STANDARDSFigure 6: Bolted Joint (random)MA is the actual assembly tool adjustment. MP isthetorque range forthe finaltorque, measured duringbolting. As a sub

46、stitute the test torque can be deter-mined through further tightening.To maintain consistency through all assembly pro-cesses, MF, Mmin and Mmax shall be used for control.Drawing details: In the table, tightening torque (seeTable 8), MA,MPmin and MPmax are indicated, e. g.:Table 8: Tightening Torque

47、f g h j k l m n p qto GME 00150MA M L MP M MP M Note (Note 1) approvedmax. min. min. max. max.Nm mm Nm Nm 30 25 35 NO KKNote 1: Identification, if there is a critical fastenig part.Note: The assembly at Product Engineering shallprovide forthe worstcaseproductioncondition, there-fore:AssemblywithMA,m

48、inorloosening(15 .30 )andrenewed tightening to value MPmin.4.2.3 Tightening to the Angular Tightening Method. Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights ReservedPage 8 of 18 Issue 6 - November 2011PRD045 - VPRE ST G 10/03GM EUROPE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GME 00150Figure 7: Tightening to the Angu

49、lar Tightening MethodMF is the joining torque achieved with the angle indi-cator set to 0. M is the torquing angle in tighten-ing direction by which the bolted joint is torqued afterreaching MF.For manual operation it is possible to perform theoperation in several steps:Torque with MF and continue by M in one or severalsteps.Because of the distribution of the coefficient of fric-tion of the joint components, in a borderline case w