1、 WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Material Specification GMW3164 Cast Stainless Steel for High Temperature Components Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2011 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 6 1 Scope This material standard applies t
2、o those grades of stainless steel castings used in automotive and allied industries requiring high temperature heat resistant service. This standard specifies compositional requirements for the casting. Any specific material property required from a particular casting or section of that casting shal
3、l be identified on the engineering drawing. Wrought stainless steels are discussed in GMW3161. 1.1 Material Description. Cast stainless steel has excellent strength, ductility and heat resistance. Steel castings can be welded and are easily adapted to other steel fabrications. GMW3164 grades, their
4、approximate upper use temperatures, and matrix microstructures are listed in Table 1. Table 1: GMW3164 Grades, Upper Use Temperatures and Matrix Microstructures Grade Upper Use Temperature (C) Note 1 Matrix Microstructure Cr17Si 950 Ferritic Cr20Ni10Nb 950 Austenitic Cr25Ni21NbW 975 Austenitic Cr26N
5、i26W2Nb 1000 Austenitic Ni38Cr18SiNb 1020 Austenitic Cr26Ni14Nb2 1025 Austenitic Cr25Ni20Si 1050 Austenitic Cr26Ni22W3Nb 1050 Austenitic Note 1: Upper use temperatures are based on oxidation temperature limits and are approximate. These temperatures are guides only. 1.2 Symbols. Not applicable. 1.3
6、Typical Applications. Stainless steel castings described in this specification are primarily used for exhaust manifolds and turbo charger housings requiring high temperature heat resistance. 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External
7、 Standards/Specifications. ANSI/AWS A5.9 DIN EN 10295 ISO 6892 ASTM A751 ISO 6506 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. GMW3059 GMW14058 GMW3161 2.3 Additional References. TMC003 Material Safety Data Sheet guidance documents (available at ). Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license
8、with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3164 Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2011 Page 2 of 6 3 Requirements 3.1 Requirements on Delivery. 3.1.1 Chemical Requi
9、rements. The chemical composition is a mandatory requirement. Chemical composition is used as the mandatory requirement since it will most accurately reflect material performance at elevated temperature. The chemical compositional requirements are shown in Table 2. A chemical analysis of each metal
10、heat shall be made by the foundry from a representative test sample that is taken during pouring. The chemical analysis shall conform to the requirements specified for the respective grade listed in Table 2 when tested per ASTM A751. Table 2: Mandatory Chemical Composition (in % by Mass) Grade C Si
11、Mn Cr Ni Mo W Nb S P N Fe Cr17Si 0.25 to 0.45 1.00 to 2.00 1.0 max. 17.0 to 20.0 0.9 max. 0.50 max. 1.5 to 2.00 0.60 max. 0.05 max. 0.04 max. - Bal Cr20Ni10Nb 0.25 to 0.50 2.00 max. 1.5 max. 19.0 to 23.0 9.0 to 14.0 0.50 max. 0.60 max. 1.2 to 1.8 0.15 max. 0.04 max. - Bal Cr25Ni21NbW 0.25 to 0.35 1.
12、50 max. 1.5 max. 23.0 to 27.0 20.5 to 22.0 - 0.50 to 2.00 1.00 to 2.00 0.10 max. 0.04 max. - Bal Cr26Ni26W2Nb 0.25 to 0.35 1.50 max. 1.5 max. 23.0 to 28.0 24.0 to 28.0 - 1.50 to 3.00 1.00 to 2.00 0.10 max. 0.04 max. - Bal Ni38Cr18SiNb 0.30 to 0.50 1.00 to 2.50 2.0 max. 18.0 to 21.0 36.0 to 39.0 0.50
13、 max. 0.60 max. 1.20 to 1.80 0.04 max. 0.04 max. - Bal Cr26Ni14Nb2 0.40 to 0.50 0.80 to 1.25 0.75 to 1.10 24.0 to 27.0 12.0 to 15.0 0.50 max. - 1.70 to 2.10 0.11 to 0.15 0.04 max. 0.08 to 0.40 Bal Cr25Ni20Si 0.30 to 0.50 1.00 to 2.50 2.0 max. 24.0 to 27.0 19.0 to 22.0 0.50 max. 0.60 max. 0.60 max. 0
14、.04 max. 0.04 max. - Bal Cr26Ni22W3Nb 0.35 to 0.45 2.00 max. 2.0 max. 23.0 to 28.0 20.5 to 23.0 - 1.50 to 4.00 0.50 to 2.00 0.10 max. 0.04 max. - Bal Note: max. = maximum 3.1.2 Mechanical Properties. Mandatory room temperature mechanical properties (at 23 5 C) associated with each grade via separate
15、ly cast and machined test samples are listed in Table 3. Additional mechanical property testing on the casting itself, excluding hardness testing, may be conducted by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Any mechanical property testing on the casting shall have the test locations noted
16、on the drawing and sampling plan agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier. Table 3: Mandatory Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature (23 5 C) Grade Tensile Strength (MPa) Minimum Yield Strength (MPa) Minimum Elongation (%) Minimum Hardness HBW Note 1 Cr17Si 450 345 0.5 200 to 280 Cr20Ni10Nb
17、450 230 5 165 to 235 Cr25Ni21NbW 490 235 5 165 to 235 Cr26Ni26W2Nb 490 235 5 165 to 235 Ni38Cr18SiNb 420 220 4 160 to 230 Cr26Ni14Nb2 515 240 7 187 to 214 Cr25Ni20Si 450 220 8 170 to 240 Cr26Ni22W3Nb 490 235 2 165 to 235 Note 1: Hardness values use a 10 mm ball and a 3000 kg load. Reference ISO 6506
18、 for minimum thicknesses required when using this diameter and load. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3164 Copyright 2011
19、General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2011 Page 3 of 6 3.1.2.1 Hardness. Brinell hardness shall be taken in accordance with ISO 6506. The material hardness range, described in Table 3, is a mandatory requirement and is measured on the prepared smooth casting surface. Other hardness metho
20、ds, such as cast surface penetrators, can be used if these methods are validated against ISO 6506 and are agreed upon by supplier and customer. 3.1.2.2 Tensile Properties. Mandatory tensile properties shall be measured on specimens machined from separately cast samples. Thickness of the cast test sa
21、mple shall be similar to critical casting sections per ISO 6892. 3.1.2.2.1 The separately cast samples shall be poured into molds made from sand aggregate that is similar to the aggregate used in production molds. Samples shall cool in the mold until their surfaces are a completely gray color with n
22、o tint of red observable. The samples can then be removed from the mold and allowed to air cool. 3.1.2.2.2 Porosity, shrink or other discontinuities within a test piece represent an invalid test, thus the data must be discarded. The evaluation of such discontinuities shall be done at a magnification
23、 not exceeding 100x. 3.1.3 Physical Requirements. Reference values for physical properties are shown in Appendix A. These properties have been gathered from textbooks and are meant to be used for comparative purposes only. 3.1.4 Additional Requirements. 3.1.4.1 Casting Requirements. Castings shall c
24、onform to the dimensions and tolerances specified on the casting drawing. Harmful discontinuities, e.g., sand and slag inclusions, cold laps, scabs, porosity, etc., that may be detrimental to subsequent processing or to the service performance are not permitted. Casting surfaces shall be smooth and
25、free from scale. 3.1.4.1.1 Repairs may be made on small random inclusions and minor porosity defects by welding. See Table 4 for weld filler grades per ANSI/AWS A5.9. Repairable defects for exhaust manifolds shall not be deeper than 1.0 mm on runners and 4.0 mm on flanges. Weld repairs shall be fini
26、sh ground so that the weld deposit blends into the natural contours of the cast part and does not reduce the wall thickness or project into the gas flow passage to affect the flow. Utilize Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) with argon as the protective atmosphere per GMW14058. Ferritic Cr17Si may be pr
27、eheated to 300 to 500 C as suggested by DIN EN 10295. 3.1.4.1.2 The following defects are not repairable: x Interior areas (gas passage). x Hot tears and cracks. x Sponge porosity that extends through the entire wall. Table 4: Weld Filler Grades per ANSI/AWS A5.9 Grade Weld Filler Cr17Si ER308 Cr20N
28、i10Nb ER308H Cr25Ni21NbW ER310 Cr26Ni26W2Nb ER310 Ni38Cr18SiNb ER320 Cr26Ni14Nb2 ER309 or ER310 Cr25Ni20Si ER310 Cr26Ni22W3Nb ER310 4 Manufacturing Process 4.1 Castings. Castings are formed by gravity pouring or vacuum drawing molten steel into ceramic or sand molds. 4.2 Heat Treatment. Heat treatme
29、nt is not recommended for these castings. After weld repair, stress relieving is not required. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDAR
30、DS GMW3164 Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2011 Page 4 of 6 4.3 Post Processing. Post processing of castings will include the traditional steps of flash removal and cleaning. 4.4 Inspection. Visual testing, dimensional or non-destructive evaluation may be specified.
31、5 Rules and Regulations 5.1 Legal Regulations. All materials must satisfy applicable laws, rules, regulations and recommendations valid in the country of usage. 5.2 Language. In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take precedence. 5.3 Inspectio
32、n and Rejection. Samples of components or materials released to a GM material specification shall be tested for conformity with the requirements of this material specification and approved by the responsible Engineering department prior to commencement of delivery of bulk supplies. A new approval mu
33、st be received for any changes, e.g., properties, manufacturing process, location of manufacture, etc. If not otherwise agreed, all testing and documentation normally required for initial release must be completed. It is the responsibility of the supplier to inform the customer in a timely manner, w
34、ithout solicitation, and to include documentation of all modifications of materials and/or processes and to apply for a new release. If not otherwise agreed, all release tests shall be repeated and documented by the supplier prior to commencement of delivery of non-conforming bulk supplies. In indiv
35、idual cases, a shorter test can be agreed to between the responsible Engineering department and the supplier. 5.4 Initial Source Approval. No shipments shall be made by any supplier until representative initial production samples have been approved by the appropriate Materials Engineering department
36、(s) as meeting the requirements of this specification. 5.5 Material Safety Data Sheets/Safety Data Sheets (MSDS/SDS). For new product submissions, or when a change in chemical composition of an existing product has occurred, a complete copy of the Material Safety Data Sheet/Safety Data Sheet must be
37、 submitted in compliance with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) requirements or other country-specific MSDS/SDS requirements. In addition, product MSDS/SDS submissions must be in compliance with specific country General Motors TMC003 Material Safety Dat
38、a Sheet/Safety Data Sheet guidance documents where available. 5.6 All materials supplied to this standard must comply with the requirements of GMW3059, Restricted and Reportable Substances for Parts. 6 Approved Sources Engineering qualifications of an approved source are required for this standard.
39、Only sources listed in the GM Materials File (i.e., GM Supply Power) under this standard number have been qualified by Engineering as meeting the requirements of this standard. For other GM locations, the responsible Engineering group should be contacted to obtain the approved source in that individ
40、ual country. 7 Notes 7.1 Glossary. Not applicable. 7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols. CAD Computer Aided Design GHS Globally Harmonized System GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Weld MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet SDS Safety Data Sheet Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with G
41、eneral Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3164 Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2011 Page 5 of 6 8 Coding System This standard shall be referenced in other documents, d
42、rawings, etc., as follows: Material per GMW3164 Example: GMW3164M-ST-C-Cr26Ni14Nb2 Where: GMW3164M-ST-C-Cr26Ni14Nb2 Alloy grade (Table 1) Subcategory (Casting) Category (Steel) Material type (Metal) Continuous number GM Worldwide 9 Release and Revisions This standard was originated in September 1998
43、. It was first approved in February 2000. It was first published in February 2000. Issue Publication Date Description (Organization) 1 FEB 2000 Initial publication. 2 OCT 2000 Conversion to SGML (GMNA). (GM) 3 AUG 2011 Five year update, add seven grades of stainless, delete grade Cr14Nb since no one
44、 can produce it. (Nonferrous Metals GSSLT) Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3164 Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All
45、 Rights Reserved August 2011 Page 6 of 6 Appendix A Table A1: GMW Cross Reference with Similar Grades of Steel Note 1 Grade ASTM DIN UNS Other (Common) Name Cr17Si - EN 10295 GXCrSi17 - 4740W Cr20Ni10Nb ASTM A297 HF DIN 1.4826Nb - DCN2 Cr25Ni21NbW - - - DCN3 Cr26Ni26W2Nb - - - DCN4 Ni38Cr18SiNb - DI
46、N 1.4849 EN 10295 GX40NiCrSiNb38-18 - - Cr26Ni14Nb2 - - - - Cr25Ni20Si ASTM A297 HK DIN 1.4848 EN 10295 GX40CrNiSi25-20 UNS J94224 - Cr26Ni22W3Nb - - - DCNX1 Note 1: The purpose of cross referencing the GMW grades is to aid the reader in better associating the GMW grade with what may be a more famil
47、iar name for a similar type or classification of material. The cross referenced materials are not interchangeable with the GMW grade. Table A2: Supplemental Properties for Alloy Comparison Only Grade Density (g-cm-3) Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (20 to 800 C) (Pm-m-1K-1) Thermal Conductivity (W/
48、m-1K-1) Youngs Modulus (GPa) Cr17Si 7.74 10.8 16.0 200 Cr20Ni10Nb 7.85 18.5 13.0 190 Cr25Ni21NbW 7.86 17.6 12.0 180 Cr26Ni26W2Nb 7.94 17.2 12.0 180 Ni38Cr18SiNb 8.03 17.0 12.0 180 Cr26Ni14Nb2 7.64 17.9 16.0 180 Cr25Ni20Si 7.80 18.5 14.0 180 Cr26Ni22W3Nb 7.90 17.2 11.0 190 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
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