GSFC NASA GPR 1860 1 REV B-2008 Ionizing Radiation Protection《电离性辐射保护》.pdf

1、 DIRECTIVE NO. GPR 1860.1B APPROVED BY Signature: Original signed by EFFECTIVE DATE: September 29, 2008 NAME: Robert D. Strain EXPIRATION DATE: September 29, 2013 TITLE: Director CHECK THE GSFC DIRECTIVES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT http:/gdms.gsfc.nasa.gov/gdmsnew/home.jsp TO VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRE

2、CT VERSION PRIOR TO USE. GSFC 3-17 (10/07) Goddard Procedural Requirements (GPR)COMPLIANCE IS MANDATORYResponsible Office: 250/Safety and Environmental Division (S users maintain duplicate sets. *NRRS 8-39 Destroy when 75 years old. GSFC Form 23-6I Request For Radiation Safety Committee Action - Ion

3、izing Radiation Source Approval RSO keeps original; users maintain duplicate sets. NRRS 8-38 Transfer to Federal Records Center when 6 years old. Destroy when 75 years old. GSFC Form 23-6ID Device Request For Radiation Safety Committee Action - Ionizing Radiation Device Questionnaire RSO keeps origi

4、nal; users maintain duplicate sets. NRRS 8-38 GSFC Form 23-26 Radioactive Material Shipping and Receiving Record RSO keeps original; users maintain duplicate sets. NRRS 8-38 GSFC Form 23-27 Health Physics Activity Report RSO NRRS 8-38 GSFC Form 23-28I Request For Radiation Safety Committee Action -

5、Ionizing Radiation Source Questionnaire RSO NRRS 8-38Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DIRECTIVE NO. GPR 1860.1B Page 6 of 50 EFFECTIVE DATE: September 29, 2008 EXPIRATION DATE: September 29, 2013 CHECK THE GSFC DIRECTIVES MANAGEMENT SY

6、STEM AT http:/gdms.gsfc.nasa.gov/gdmsnew/home.jsp TO VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION PRIOR TO USE. GSFC 3-17 (10/07) Record Title Record Custodian Retention/Schedule GSFC Form 23-28ID Device Request For Radiation Safety Committee Action - Ionizing Radiation Device Questionnaire RSO NRRS 8-38

7、 GSFC Form 23-35IP Request For Radiation Safety Committee Action - Ionizing Radiation Source Personnel Approval RSO keeps original; users maintain duplicate sets. NRRS 1-130 Keep records for 2 years. If employee does not renew for the position at the end of the 2-year period, the record is removed a

8、nd placed in an inactive file. Records are retained at GSFC until destroyed. Destroy when 75 years old. GSFC Form 23-55 RPDP Radiation Protection Data and Procedures (RPDP) Template RSO keeps original; users maintain duplicate sets. NRRS 8-38 Radiation Safety Operating Procedures RSO keeps original;

9、 users maintain duplicate sets. NRRS 8-38 Records associated with NRC licenses RSO NRRS 8-40 Destroy 10 years after expiration or renewal of license, provided all procured material has been disposed of. Records associated with SSRB review of non-NRC approved sources RSO keeps original; users maintai

10、n duplicate sets. NRRS 8-38 Records of personnel experience and training Supervisors NRRS 1-130 Records of inspections and evaluations of facilities, equipment, location, and inventory RSO or designee NRRS 8-38 Records of equipment and facilities, including model numbers, serial numbers, and calibra

11、tion requirements User organization, as part of their Radiation Safety Operating procedures NRRS 8-38 Safety Analysis Reports RSO NRRS 8-38 Reports of violations, contamination, decontamination, etc. RSO NRRS 8-38 Radiation monitoring records (dosimeters, etc., including levels, names, locations, et

12、c.) RSO Handle as permanent pending retention approval Records of shipments and transfers of radioactive materials RSO NRRS 8-39 * NRRS- NASA Records Retention Schedule (NPR 1441.1) P.9 METRICS Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DIRECTIV

13、E NO. GPR 1860.1B Page 7 of 50 EFFECTIVE DATE: September 29, 2008 EXPIRATION DATE: September 29, 2013 CHECK THE GSFC DIRECTIVES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT http:/gdms.gsfc.nasa.gov/gdmsnew/home.jsp TO VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION PRIOR TO USE. GSFC 3-17 (10/07) To assess and provide quality assu

14、rance of the GSFC Ionizing Radiation Protection Program, the GSFC Radiation Safety Committee during their quarterly meetings shall: a. Monitor the program to maintain occupational doses as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). b. Review and approve (or disapprove) each new (or renewing) user of radi

15、oactive material and/or radiation producing devices. c. Review and approve (or disapprove) each proposed method of use of radioactive material and radiation producing device and ensure it complies with Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requirements, and other Federal regulations, professional stan

16、dards, and sound health physics practices. d. Control possession and use of X-Ray producing machines, particle accelerators, accelerator-produced radioisotopes, or radium and its daughter products/sources of ionizing radiation. e. Review and approve (or disapprove) procedures and radiation safety pr

17、ogram changes prior to submittal to the NRC for licensing action. f. Review non-compliance reports, including cause, immediate corrective actions taken and action to prevent recurrence. g. Review occupational radiation exposure records of personnel working with radioactive material and radiation pro

18、ducing devices. h. Review incidents involving radioactive material with respect to cause and subsequent actions taken. i. Establish a table of occupational dose levels that, if exceeded, shall initiate investigations and considerations of action by the RSO. j. Appoint (when required) member to the S

19、ealed Source Review Board (SSRB). P.10 DEFINITIONS a. Airborne Radioactive Material Radioactive material dispersed in the air in the form of dusts, fumes, particulates, mists, vapors, or gases. b. Airborne Radioactivity Area An area where airborne radioactive materials, composed wholly or partly of

20、licensed material, exist in specific concentrations. c. Ancillary Personnel Any persons who have unrestricted access to areas where radioactive materials are stored and/or used, including any persons involved in maintenance and janitorial duties in radiation areas. d. Annual limit on intake (ALI) -

21、The derived limit for the amount of radioactive material taken into the body of an adult worker by inhalation or ingestion in a year. ALI is the smaller value of intake of a given radionuclide in a year by the reference man that would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5 rems (0.05 S

22、v) or a committed dose equivalent of 50 rems (0.5 Sv) to an individual organ or tissue. e. Approved User Any employee or contractor who has been approved by the Radiation Safety Committee (RSC) to use specific sources of ionizing radiation or devices for specific purposes and at specific locations.

23、f. Becquerel (Bq) - The International System unit of radioactivity, equal to one nuclear decay or other nuclear transformation per second. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DIRECTIVE NO. GPR 1860.1B Page 8 of 50 EFFECTIVE DATE: Septembe

24、r 29, 2008 EXPIRATION DATE: September 29, 2013 CHECK THE GSFC DIRECTIVES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT http:/gdms.gsfc.nasa.gov/gdmsnew/home.jsp TO VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION PRIOR TO USE. GSFC 3-17 (10/07) g. Bioassay- The determination of kinds, quantities or concentrations, and, some cases, t

25、he locations of radioactive material in the human body, whether by direct measurement (in vivo counting) or by analysis and evaluation of materials excreted or removed from the human body. h. Curie (Ci) - A quantity of radioactivity. One Curie (Ci) is that quantity of radioactive material which deca

26、ys at the rate of 3.7E10 disintegrations per second (dps). Commonly used submultiples of the Curie are the millicurie and the microcurie. One millicurie (mCi) = 0.001 Ci = 3.7E07 dps. One microcurie (Ci) = 0.000001 Ci = 3.7E04 dps. i. Custodian An individual who has been designated by the appropriat

27、e management and approved by the RSC to assume the responsibility of accountability for specific sources of ionizing radiation. j. Device Any piece of equipment that produces ionizing radiation. k. Exposure The state of having been exposed to ionizing radiation or to radioactive material. l. Extremi

28、ty The hand, elbow, arm below the elbow, foot, knee, or leg below the knee. m. Gray (Gy) The unit of absorbed dose. One gray is equal to an absorbed dose of 100 rads. n. High radiation area - An area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels may result in an individual receiving a dose e

29、quivalent in excess of 100 mrem (1 mSv) in one hour at 30 centimeters from the radiation source or from a surface that the radiation penetrates. o. Iodination - The incorporation or addition of radioactive iodine in a compound. p. Ionizing Radiation Radiation that has sufficient energy to remove ele

30、ctrons from atoms. q. Kilovolt Peak (kVp) - The maximum voltage applied across an X-ray medium, which determines the kinetic energy of the electrons accelerated and the peak energy of the X-ray spectrum. r. Rad - The special unit of absorbed dose. One rad equals an absorbed dose of 0.01 joule per ki

31、logram (0.01 gray) or 100 ergs per gram. s. Radioactive Materials Area An area or room in which radioactive material is used or stored in quantities specified in 10 CFR 20.1902(e). t. Radiation area - An area, accessible to individuals, in which there exists radiation at levels that an individual ma

32、y receive in excess of 5 millirems (0.05 mSv) in one hour at 30 centimeters from the radiation source or from a surface that the radiation penetrates. u. Radiation Worker Same as an Approved User v. Rem - A special unit of quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in rems is equal

33、 to the absorbed dose in rads multiplied by the quality factor (one rem = 0.01 Sievert). w. Restricted area - An area access to which is limited by the licensee for purposes of protection of individuals against undue risks from exposure to radiation and radioactive materials. x. Roentgen - The speci

34、al unit of exposure. One roentgen (R) equals 2.58E-04 coulombs per kilogram of air (see “Exposure”). y. Sealed Source - Radioactive material that is permanently bonded or fixed in a capsule designed to prevent leakage or escape of the radioactive material. z. Sievert (Sv) - The unit for the amount o

35、f ionizing radiation required to produce the same biological effect as one rad of high-penetration x-rays, equivalent to a gray for x-rays. aa. Source Any material that produces ionizing radiation. Sources can be licensed or unlicensed. bb. Source Record All records associated with a given ionizing

36、radiation source, including the records from the supplier and all subsequent records. cc. Tritiated - To replace normal hydrogen atoms, or chemically combine something, with tritium Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DIRECTIVE NO. GPR 18

37、60.1B Page 9 of 50 EFFECTIVE DATE: September 29, 2008 EXPIRATION DATE: September 29, 2013 CHECK THE GSFC DIRECTIVES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT http:/gdms.gsfc.nasa.gov/gdmsnew/home.jsp TO VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION PRIOR TO USE. GSFC 3-17 (10/07) dd. Unrestricted Area means an area, access to

38、 which is neither limited nor controlled by the licensee. ee. Unsealed Source Radioactive material that is not encapsulated or otherwise contained. The implication is that unsealed radioactive material can move around and if uncontrolled would lead to contamination. ff. User Organization The organiz

39、ation that is using a source or device, and is responsible for ensuring requirements are met. P.11 ACRONYMS a. ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable b. CFR Code of Federal Regulations c. DOT Department of Transportation d. dpm disintegrations per minute e. GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center f. HEPA Hi

40、gh Efficiency Particulate Air g. kVp Kilovolt Peak h. LSC Liquid Scintillation Counter i. ml milliliter j. NCRP National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements k. NPR NASA Procedural Requirements l. NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission m. PPE Personnel Protective Equipment n. RPDP Radiation P

41、rotection Data and Procedures o. RPO Radiation Protection Office p. RSC Radiation Safety Committee q. RSO Radiation Safety Officer r. S and Perform Geiger counter measurements and checks on various payloads at WFF 1.4 Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction o

42、r networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DIRECTIVE NO. GPR 1860.1B Page 14 of 50 EFFECTIVE DATE: September 29, 2008 EXPIRATION DATE: September 29, 2013 CHECK THE GSFC DIRECTIVES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT http:/gdms.gsfc.nasa.gov/gdmsnew/home.jsp TO VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION PRIOR

43、 TO USE. GSFC 3-17 (10/07) The NRC has issued GSFC two Byproduct Materials Licenses to use radioactive material for research purposes. GSFC is authorized to possess, use, and transfer byproduct, source, and special nuclear material under these licenses. The NRC does not license X-Ray producing machi

44、nes, particle accelerators, accelerator-produced radioisotopes, or radium and its daughter products. These items are subject to GSFC and State regulations on radiological safety. 1.5 Categories of Sources All ionizing radiation sources shall be categorized by the RSO, based on their hazard risk for

45、exposure (with the bases of risk being higher for unsealed sources or sealed sources with a high Activity). The categories are as follow: LOW less than 5 nanocuries (less than 185 Becquerels); high voltage equipment operating below 15 kVp; and high voltage equipment emitting X-Rays not exceeding 0.5

46、 milliroentgens per hour (mR/hr) at 5 cm from any accessible surface. MODERATE 5 nanocuries to 10 millicuries (185 to 3.7E08 Becquerels) unsealed and 5 nanocuries to 100 millicuries (185 to 2.7E09 Becquerels) sealed sources; sources incorporated in devices used, not directly, but as a part of an ins

47、trument or to produce a particular effect (i.e., gas chromatograph units, static-elimination devices, light sources, vacuum gauges); X-Ray devices with output greater than above. HIGH Radioactive sources of activity greater than those listed above; also accelerators, reactors, and X-Ray devices with

48、 power output greater than 500 kVp. 2.0 IONIZING RADIATION AUTHORIZATION All Approved Users, Custodians, and uses of ionizing radiation sources or devices, including the radiation sources themselves, require approval by the RSC. All authorizations are subject to conditions of the NRC licenses held b

49、y GSFC and the conditions imposed by the RSC. Violations of the approved conditions regarding users, uses, or location may result in revocation of the authorization. 2.1 Obtaining Authorization to be an Approved User and/or Custodian of Ionizing Radiation Sources or Devices The procedure for obtaining authorization is as follows: NOTE: Proposed users shall only be allowed to wo