ICAO 9368-2002 Instrument Flight Procedures Construction Manual《仪表飞行程序构建手册》.pdf

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13、ao, Bangkok 10901 United Kingdom. Airplan Flight Equipment Ltd. (AFE), la Ringway Trading Estate, Shadowmoss Road, Manchester M22 5LH 1 /oz Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications and audio-visual training aids currently ava

14、ilable. Monthly supplements announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc. Available free from the Document Sales Unit, ICAO. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or

15、 networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Doc 9368 AN/911 Instrument Flight Procedures Construction Manual Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority Second Edition - 2002 International Civil Aviation Organization Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization

16、Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMENDMENTS The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journal and in the monthly Supplement to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids,

17、which holders of this publication should consult. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA I AMENDMENTS I i CORRIGENDA (ii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduc

18、tion or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Table of Contents Page (v) Abbreviations . PART I. GENERAL Chapter 1. Introduction 1-1-1 Chapter 2. Preparation for procedure design . 1-2- 1 PART II. CONVENTIONAL PROCEDURES SECTION 1. DEPARTURE PROCEDURES Chapter 1. Straight departure. . Ch

19、apter 2. Turning departure. . Chapter 3. Multiple departures from one aerodrome (using non-standard units of measurement) . SECTION 2. ARRIVAL AND APPROACH PROCEDURES Chapter 1. NDB or VOR off-aerodrome procedure - Categories C/D aircraft Chapter 2. NDB or VOR off-aerodrome procedure - Categories A/

20、B aircraft Chapter 3. NDB or VOR on-aerodrome procedure - On-aerodrome facility (VOR or NDB) . Chapter 4. VOR/DME procedure . Chapter 5. ILS Chapter 6. Localizer only . Chapter 7. Surveillance radar II- 1 - 1- 1 II-1-2-1 II- 1-3- 1 II-2-1-1 II-2-2-1 II-2-3-1 11-2-4- 1 II-2-5-1 11-2-6-1 11-2-7-1 Chap

21、ter 8. Direction finding (DF) facility . Chapter 9. Turning missed approach - Non-precision - Turn at a designated altitudeheight . Chapter 10. Turning missed approach - Non-precision - Turn at a designated turning point (Fix) . Chapter 11. Precision - Straight missed approach . Chapter 12. Precisio

22、n - Turning missed approach - Turn at an altitude. Chapter 13. Precision - Turning missed approach - Turn at a Fix (within the precision segment). . Chapter 14. Safeguarding of early turns in an ILS missed approach . PART III. RNAV PROCEDURES AND SATELLITE-BASED PROCEDURES (To be developed) Attachme

23、nt A. Conversion tables Al. Percentage gradient to slope A2. Metres and feet . Attachment B. Construction and calculation B 1. areas for reversal procedures . Construction of obstacle clearance B2. Calculation routines . Page 11-2-8- 1 II-2-9- 1 11-2- 1 o- 1 11-2- 1 1- 1 11-2- 12- 1 11-2- 13- 1 11-2

24、- 14- 1 Al-1 A2- 1 B1-1 B2- 1 (iii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Table of Contents (iv) B3. Amplification of certain details related to procedures design.

25、. B4. Examples of OAS calculations . B5. Collision risk model . B6. MAPt to SOC distance for a missed approach point defined by a distance from the FAF . Calculation of MAPt tolerance and B7. Fundamentals of the missed approach . Page Attachment C. Quality assurance B3-1 B4- 1 C 1. Accounting for ch

26、arting inaccuracy . B5- 1 C2. Documentation record. . C3. Calculation of way-point coordinates. . C4. Aeronautical data quality management. . B6-1 B7- 1 C5. Path terminators . Page CI-1 c2- 1 c3-1 C4- 1 c5- 1 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAO

27、Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Abbreviations (used in this document) AP Cat CRM DER DME FAF FAP FD GP GS IAF IAS IF ILS km kt LLZ MAPt MHz MM MOC MSA MSL Autopilot Category Collision risk model Departure end of the runway Distance measuring equipme

28、nt Final approach fix Final approach point Flight director Glide path Ground speed Initial approach fix Indicated airspeed Intermediate approach fix Instrument landing system Kilometre Knots Localizer Missed approach point Megahertz Middle marker Minimum obstacle clearance (required) Minimum sector

29、altitude Mean sea level NDB NM non SI units OCA ocm OCH OM PANS-OPS PDG RSS RWY SI units soc SRE TAS THR TNA/H TP UTM VOR Non-directional radio beacon Nautical mile Non international system of units Obstacle clearance altitude Obstacle clearance altitude/height Obstacle clearance height Outer marker

30、 Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraj? Operations (Doc 8 168) Procedure design gradient Root sum square Runway International system of units Start of climb Surveillance radar element True airspeed Threshold Turn altitude/height Turning point Universal transverse mercator Very high freque

31、ncy (VHF) omnidirectional radio range Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INSTRUMENT FLIGHT PROCEDURES CONSTRUCTION MANUAL PART I GENERAL Copyright International

32、Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 The purpose of this manual is to assist in the implementation of the procedures defined in the Procedures for Air Navigatio

33、n Services - Aircrafr Operations (PANS-OPS, Doc 8168). It does this by breaking down each major procedure into a series of simple, easily understood steps, using examples to illustrate the main types of procedure. Some useful methods of simplifying mathematical aspects of procedure design are includ

34、ed in Attachment B2 to this manual, together with an illustration of the use of the collision risk model (CRh4) in Attach- ment B5. Attachment B3 amplifies some items that are likely to be encountered in the procedure design. Attachment C1 illustrates methods of accounting for charting inaccuracies

35、and includes one States directive and codification system. 1.2 Three main principles apply to the design of all instrument approach procedures: they should be safe; they should be simple; they should be economic of both time and airspace. Safety is based on common sense and sound operational judgeme

36、nt. Simple procedures are essential at a time when pilot workload is high and the consequence of error can be fatal. Economic procedures are increasingly necessary - flight time is money and airspace is often in short supply. 1.3 It is recommended that both the plan view and the vertical profile of

37、all procedures be accurately plotted on appropriate maps and graph paper. This forms a control that can reveal any significant error in calculation or obstacle location. In many cases the entire procedure can be devised by accurate plotting and with very little calculation. 1.4 It is recommended tha

38、t worksheets used to record calculations be preserved for future work. Worksheets will speed up the design process, reduce errors and facilitate standardization, review and training. 1.5 It is recommended that the same units (SI units or non-SI units) be used throughout the design of a procedure (Le

39、. if all survey data or maps are metric, conversion to non-SI units should be the last step before rounding in procedure design). Where possible, this guide presents essential design information in both units. 1.6 The following conversion factors are used frequently throughout this document: metres

40、to feet: feet to metres: NM to km: km to NM: multiply metres by 3.2808 multiply feet by 0.3048 (or divide by 3.2808) multiply NM by 1.852 multiply km by 0.54 (or divide by 1.852) i-1-1 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reprodu

41、ction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Chapter 2 Preparation for Procedure Design 2.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter outlines the steps necessary before the process of procedure design can begin. Adequate preparation along the lines suggested should both simplify and speed up the task

42、. 2.2 EQUIPMENT The following equipment should be available: a) rulers (various scales), protractors, compasses, flexible curves, etc.; b) maps of appropriate scales; c) a calculator with scientific functions and one or more memory function. Where a number of repetitive calculations are to be perfor

43、med, a programmable calculator can be helpful; and d) precalculated templates and tables of dimensions for the procedures to be designed (see 2.3). final approach and missed approach area dimensions (MAPt, distance to SOC turn area dimensions, etc.) depend only on aerodrome elevation (IAS and wind s

44、peed are already defined and fixed). Fortunately, the variation of these dimensions with aerodrome elevation is relatively small. Thus, if the dimensions are calculated to cover a range of aerodrome elevations from, say, O to 3 O00 ft, any “penalty” introduced is negligible. If the actual range of a

45、erodrome elevations exceeds this, the aerodromes may be divided into two groups and separate sets of dimensions calculated; alternatively, one set (with slightly larger values) can be prepared to cover the extended range of aerodrome elevations. Pre-calculated area transparencies 2.3.3 The following

46、 precalculated areas drawn on transparencies to map scale may be useful: - intermediate approach within a reversahacetrack area; - final approach for off-aerodrome VOR or NDB; - final approach/missed approach for on-aerodrome VOR or NDB; 2.3 PREPARATORY CALCULATIONS - basic ILS surfaces; and 2.3.1 T

47、he PANS-OPS caters to a wide variety of conditions in each segment of instrument procedures - departure as well as approach and missed approach. In States where many instrument procedures have to be designed, it is advisable to simplify procedure design by precalculating certain critical dimensions,

48、 area parameters and templates. These can then be used directly in most procedures, eliminating tedious and repetitive calculations. Precalculated tables of dimensions and tolerances 2.3.2 The use of precalculated tables of dimensions/ tolerances is made possible because most of the departure, - dep

49、arture. Holdinghacetrac Wreversal procedure templates 2.3.4 Patterns for the areas required are published in the Template Manual for Holding, Reversal and Racetrack Procedures (Doc 9371). It should be noted that they are not templates for the whole area - this is obtained by locating such a template over the ve