1、Transmittal Note DOC 9683-ANl95O Amendment No. 2 3 1/5/05 HUMAN FACTORS TRAINING MANUAL First Edition - 1998 Amendment No. 2 To incorporate this amendment, replace the following existing pages with the attached new pages dated 31/5/05 : a) pages (v) and (vi) - Table of Contents b) pages i-3-1 to 1-3
2、-25 - Part I, Chapter 3 c) pages 1-5-1 to 1-5-37 - Part I, Chapter 5 d) pages 2-1-1 to 2-1-31 - Part II, Chapter 1 Record the entry of this amendment on page (ii). Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking p
3、ermitted without license from IHS-,-,-O I Transmittal Note Corrigendum DOC 9683-ANl950 Comgendum 28/11/03 (English only) HUMAN FACTORS TRAINING MANUAL First Edition - 1998 To incorporate this Corrigendum: a) replace page 2-2-6 with the attached new page annotated - 28/11/03 . , Corr. 28/11/03 . b) r
4、eplace page 2-2-27 with the attached new page annotated - , Corr. (Note.-New page 2-2-27 constitutes the last page of Chapter 2, and any subsequent pages in that chapter should be discarded.) c) record this amendment on page (ii). O Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS
5、 under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Doc 9683-AN950 Amendment No. 1 3019103 Transmittal Note HUMAN FACTORS TRAINING MANUAL First Edition - 1998 Amendment No. 1 To incorporate this amendment: a) replace existing pages (v) to (vi) a
6、nd 2-2-1 to 2-2-27 with the attached new pages dated 30/9/03; b) record the entry of this amendment on page (ii). Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-STD.ICAO =lb
7、83-AN/95U-ENGL It998 - ii3llLtlLb llO=l=li45 7TL - Dot 9683-AN/950 HUMAN FACTORS TRAINING MANUAL FIRST EDITION - 1998 Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION COPYRIGHT 2000 International Civil Aviation Organization Information Han
8、dling Services, 2000 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-STD.ICAO 9b83-AN/=J5ll-ENGL 1978 D 48qla4Lb llCl=l=lLILtb b38 m Published in separate English, French, Ru
9、ssian and Spanish editions by the International Civil Aviation Organization. All correspondence, except orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to the Secretary General. Orders for this publication should be sent to one of the following addresses, together with the appropriate remittance by ba
10、nk draft, cheque or money order) in U.S. dollars or the currency of the country in which the order is placed. Document Sales Unit Telephone: (5 14) 954-8022 International Civil Aviation Organization Telex: 05-245 13 999 University Street Facsimile: (5 14) 954-6769 Montreal, Quebec Sitatex: YULCAYA C
11、anada H3C 5H7 Internet: sales-unit Bicao.org Credit card orders (American Express, MasterCard and Visa) are accepted at the above address. Egypt. ICAO Representative, Middle East Office, Egyptian Civil Aviation Complex, Cairo Airport Road, Heliopolis, Cairo 11776 Telephone: (20 2) 267-4840; Facsimil
12、e: (20 2) 267-4843; Sitatex: CAICAYA France. Reprhsentant de IOACI, Bureau Europe et Atlantique Nord, 3 his, villa emile-Bergerat, 92522 Neuilly-sur-Seine (Cedex) TklCphone: (33 1) 46 41 85 85; Tklkcopieur: (33 1) 46 41 85 00; Sitatex: PAREUYA India. Oxford Book and Stationery Co., Scindia House, Ne
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17、sia and Pacific Office, P.O. Box 11, Samyaek Ladprao, Bangkok 10901 Telephone: (66 2) 537-8189; Facsimile: (66 2) 537-8199; Sitatex: BKKCAYA United Kingdom. Westward Digital Limited. 37 Windsor Street, Cheltenham, Glos., GL52 2DG Telephone: (44 1242) 235-151; Facsimile: (44 1242) 584-139 mm Catalogu
18、e of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications and audio-visual training aids currently available. Monthly supplements announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc. Available free from th
19、e Document Sales Unit, ICAO COPYRIGHT 2000 International Civil Aviation Organization Information Handling Services, 2000 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-STD=I
20、CAO =lb83-AN/=i5ll-ENGL I,998 - L(B4LLILb 00994117 574 D HUMAN FACTORS TRAINING MANUAL Dot 9683-AN/950 FIRST EDITION - 1998 COPYRIGHT 2000 International Civil Aviation Organization Information Handling Services, 2000 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license w
21、ith ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMENDMENTS The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journul and in the monthly Supplement to the Catalogue of ZCAO Publications andAudio-visual Training Aids, which holders of this publicatio
22、n should consult. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA I AMENDMENTS I I CORRIGENDA I -iat COPYRIGHT 2000 International Civil Av Information Handling Services, 2000 (ii) ion Organ ization Copyright International Civil Aviation Organizati
23、on Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-STD.ICAO =lb63-AN/=l50-ENGL L=l=l8 - qfll,4Lb 009949 3L17 D FOREWORD Safety of the civil aviation system is the major objective of the International Civil Aviation Organizatio
24、n, Consider- able progress has been made, but additional improvements are needed and can be achieved. It has long been known that some three out of four accidents result from less than optimum human performance, indicating that any advance in this field can be expected to have a significant impact o
25、n the improvement of flight safety. This was recognized by the ICAO Assembly, which in 1986 adopted Resolution A26-9 on Flight Safety and Human Factors. As a follow-up to the Assembly Resol- ution, the Air Navigation Commission formulated the following objective for the task: “To improve safety in a
26、viation by making States more aware and responsive to the importance of human fact- ors in civil aviation operations through the provision of practical human factors material and measures developed on the basis of experience in States, and by developing and recommending appropriate amend- ments to e
27、xisting materials in Annexes and other docu- ments with regard to the role of human factors in the present and future operational environments. Special emphasis will be directed to the human factors issues that may influence the design, transition and in-service use of the future ICAO CNWATM systems
28、.” One of the methods chosen to implement Assembly Resolution A26-9 was the publication of a series of digests which addressed various aspects of Human Factors and its impact on flight safety. These digests were intended primarily for use by States to increase the awareness of their personnel of the
29、 influence of human performance on safety. The digests were aimed at the managers of both civil aviation administrations and the airline industry, including airline operational and training managers. The target audience also included regulatory bodies, safety and investigation agencies and training
30、establishments, as well as senior and middle non-operational airline management. This manual is essentially an edited compilation of the series of ICAO Human Factors digests. Its target audience includes senior training, operational and safety personnel in industry and regulatory bodies. It comprise
31、s two parts: Part 1 - General introduces the concept of aviation Human Factors, presents a systemic and contemporary view of aviation safety, outlines the basic principles of workstation design and reviews the fundamental Human Factors issues in various aviation domains, including air traffic contro
32、l and maintenance. Part 2 - Training Programmes for Operational Personnel outlines Human Factors training issues and proposes the contents of sample training curricula for pilots, air traffic controllers and accident investigators. This manual is intended to be kept up to date. It will be amended pe
33、riodically as new research becomes avail- able to reflect increased knowledge on Human Factors training for operational personnel. (iii) COPYRIGHT 2000 International Civil Aviation Organization Information Handling Services, 2000 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS un
34、der license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PART 1 . GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter 1 . Fundamental Human Factors Concepts 1.1 Introduction . 1.2 The meaning of Human Factors . 1.3 The industry need for Human Factors . 1.4 Human Fac
35、tors applications in aviation operations . List of references . Chapter 2 . Human Factors. Management and Organization 2.1 Introduction . 2.2 From individuals to organizations . 2.3 Safe and unsafe organizations 2.4 Allocation of resources 2.5 Managements contribution to safety 1-1-1 1-1-1 1-1-1 1-1
36、-5 1-1-8 1-1-16 1-2-1 1-2- 1 1-2-2 1-2-6 1-2-11 1-2-15 Chapter 3 . Human Factors issues in the development and implementation of Communications Navigation and SurveillancdAir Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) systems 1-3-1 3.1 Introduction . 1-3-1 3.2 The ICA0 CNSIATM concept 1-3-3 3.3 Automation in adva
37、nced aviation systems 1-3-6 3.4 Human-centred technology. 1-3-12 3.5 Principles of human-centred automation 1-3-15 3.6 Qualities of human-centred automation 1-3-19 List of references 1-3-24 Chapter 4 . Ergonomics 4.1 Introduction . 4.2 Basic facts about ergonomics . 4.3 Human capabilities . 4.4 Huma
38、n information processing 4.5 Human dimensions . 4.6 Displays, controls and flight deck design . 4.7 The environment . List of references Chapter 5 . Human Factors issues in air traffic control 5.1 Introduction . 5.2 Human Factors within systems 5.3 Automation in air traffic control 5.4 The selection
39、 and training of air traffic controllers 5.5 The human element - specific attributes . List of references Appendix to Chapter 5 Chapter 6 . Human Factors in aircraft maintenance and inspection . 6.1 Introduction . 6.2 Human Factors - aircraft maintenance and inspection 6.3 Human error in aircraft ma
40、intenance and inspection: an organizational perspective 6.4 Human Factors issues affecting aircraft maintenance Page 1-4-1 1-4- 1 1-4-1 1-4-4 1-4-8 1-4-10 1-4-12 1-4-25 1-4-29 1-5-1 1-5-1 1-5-1 1-5-5 1-5-12 1-5-16 1-5-22 1-5-26 1-6-1 1-6-1 1-6-2 1-6-3 1-6-9 31/5/05 No . 2 Copyright International Civ
41、il Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(vi) Human Factors Training Manual Page 6.5 6.6 Automation and advanced technology 6.7 Error prevention considerations Teams and organizational issues in
42、 aircraft maintenance 1-6-16 systems 1-6-18 and strategies 1-6-20 List of references 1-6-24 PART 2 . TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR OPERATIONAL PERSONNEL Chapter 1 . Basic human performance training programmes for operational personnel 1.1 1.2 1.3 I . 4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 Int
43、roduction . Human Factors training for operational personnel: an introduction and overview . The prior situation Human Factors highlights The SHEL Model The implications of the provisions from Annexes 1 and 6. Part I . Human performance training cumculum: an ICA0 proposal Human performance training
44、curriculum for pilots 2-1-1 2-1-1 2- 1-2 2-1-2 2- 1-3 2- 1-5 2-1-5 2- 1-7 2-1-7 The skill requirement . 2-1-10 Human performance training curriculum for air traffic controllers . . 2-1-11 Human performance training for maintenance technicians . 2-1-14 Considerations in training implementation and cu
45、rriculum development 2-1-14 Training philosophy and objectives . . 2-1-15 Skill development. operational personnel assessment and training course evaluation . 2-1- 17 Human performance training curriculum for aircraft maintenance engineers . 2-1-17 Appendix 1 to Chapter 1 Appendix 2 to Chapter 1 App
46、endix 3 to Chapter I 2-1-23 2-1-25 2-1-29 Page Chapter 2 . Crew resource management (CRM) training 2-2-1 2.1 Introduction . 2-2-1 2.2 Crew resource management (CRM) training 2-2- 1 2.3 Threat and error management (TEM) training 2-2-8 2.4 Guidance for integrating TEM into CRM 2-2-12 2.5 Line-oriented
47、 flight training (LOFT) . 2-2-20 List of recommended reading 2-2-27 Chapter 3 . Training issues in automation and advanced technology flight decks . 2-3-1 3.1 Introduction . 2-3-1 3.2 An introduction to automation 2-3-1 3.3 Issues and concerns in automation . 2-3-6 3.4 Training for automation . 2-3-
48、14 3.5 Management techniques and coping strategies . 2-3-18 List of recommended reading 2-3-21 Appendix 1 to Chapter 3 Appendix 2 to Chapter 3 Appendix 3 to Chapter 3 2-3-24 2-3-29 2-3-31 Chapter 4 . Human Factors training for safety investigators . 2-4-1 4.1 Introduction . 2-4-1 4.2 Need for and pu
49、rpose of Human Factors investigation . 2-4-2 4.3 Conduct of the investigation 2-4-9 4.4 Reporting and preventive action . 2-4-21 Appendix 1 to Chapter 4 Appendix 2 to Chapter 4 Appendix 3 to Chapter 4 Appendix 4 to Chapter 4 Appendix 5 to Chapter 4 2-4-28 2-4-36 2-4-40 2-4-42 2-4-44 Notes 31/5/05 No . 2 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IH
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