IESNA DG-21-2015 Design Guide for Residential Street Lighting.pdf

1、PREPARED BYIES DG-21-15Design Guide for Residential Street LightingIES DG-21-15Design Guide for Residential Street LightingPublication of this Design Guidehas been approved by the IES.Suggestions for revisionsshould be directed to IES.Prepared by:The Sub-Committee on Residential Street LightingIES D

2、G-21-15Copyright 2015 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IES Board of Directors, June 3, 2015, as a Transaction of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electr

3、onic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the IES.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IES Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IES Office in New York.

4、 Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, please forward them to the Director of Education and Technical documents, at the above address for verification and correction. The IES welcomes and urges feedback and comments. ISBN # 978-0-87995-313-3Print

5、ed in the United States of AmericaDISCLAIMERIES publications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers represent-ing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on lighting

6、 recommendations. While the IES administers the process and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. The IES disclaims liability for any injury to

7、persons or property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly result-ing from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document.In issuing and making this document available, the IES is not undertaking to render pr

8、ofessional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IES undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent profess

9、ional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.The IES has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. Nor does the IES list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with thi

10、s document. Any certification or statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the IES and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.IES DG-21-15Prepared by the IES Residential Street Lighting Sub-CommitteeSuzanne Lansford,

11、Sub ChairPaul Mitchell, Vice ChairCharles-Antoine Poirier, SecretaryJ. BloomfieldM. BucciA. Cheung *M. Cunningham *G. EngstromS. Harder *J. Harris *J. HarveyW. Hughes *R. Jones *H. Kashani *R. KauffmanE. Kramer *M. Le *W. McDonald *G. Mercier *J. Mugivan *M. PearseP. Phillips *M. Riebling *W. Smelse

12、rL. Smith *M. SmolyanskiS. Spitulski *F. Stohl *M. TedescoW. Westbrook *Roadway Lighting CommitteeW. Smelser, ChairJ. Bloomfield, Vice ChairJ. Frazer, SecretaryE. Morel, TreasurerM. AitkenheadC. AndersenJ. ArmstrongM. Baginski*J. BastianpillaiD. BaumJ. BrownM. BucciK. BurkettD. Cavalcanti*G. Chelvan

13、ayagamJ.h CheungN. Clanton*R. ClearS. CoyleC. Craig*D. Crawford*M. CunninghamJ. DaCosta*C. DibleyN. DittmannM. DudasA. Duma*R. Ebbert*G. Engstrom*J. Farsatis*K. FitzmauriceJ. Garcia*R.GibbonsR. GuptaJ. HartR. HarveyJ. Havard*W. HughesD. Husby*M. Janoff*J. Jewell*J. JiaoR. JonesH. KashaniR. KauffmanD

14、. KeithM. Kelly*C. Kerschner*E.KramerC. KwongS. LansfordR. LariveeG. Lauziere*L. LeetzowC. Leone*O. LetamendiR. LeVere*G. ListerT. Lohman*X. Lou*P. Lutkevich*L. Lutley*E. MacGillM. MaltezosJ. Marsh*M. MayerJ. McCormick*S. McKnight*D. McLeanJ.Meyers*J. Mickel*P. MitchellK. MolloyD. Monahan*E. MorelJ.

15、 OConnor*H. Odle*D. Okon*D. PaulinM. Pearse*C. Pekar*J. Petty*C. PoirierL. RadetskyR. RainerM. Riebling*O. Rivera*J. RobinsonP. SabauM. SeppeltB. Shelby*A. SilbigerJ. SimmersL. SmithM. SmolyanskyJ. Snowden*R. StemprokM. StevensF. StohlL. Tebow*M. TedescoG. Thiesse*U. Thurairajah*J. WeaverS. WegnerS.

16、 WentworthE. Yao*R. YeagerAdvisory Members*Honorary Members*IES DG-21-15IES DG-21-15Please refer to the IES Bookstore after you purchase this IES Standard, for possible Errata, Addenda, and Clarifications, www.ies.org/bookstoreContents1.0 Introduction.11.1 General11.2 Scope and Goals 12.0 Obtrusive

17、Light12.1 Obtrusive Light or Light Pollution 22.1.1 Light Trespass .22.1.2 Sky Glow .22.2 Lighting Zones22.2.1 Lighting Zone Definitions .22.2.2 How to Use Lighting Zones .33.0 Criteria / Design Considerations 44.0 Safety and Security 54.1 Visibility Considerations for Bikeways and Pedestrian Walkwa

18、ys.54.1.1 Illuminance54.1.1.1 Horizontal .54.1.1.2 Vertical .54.1.2 Glare 54.1.3 Shadows and Obstructions64.1.4 Color Recognition.64.2 Area Considerations .64.2.1 Streets .64.2.2 Sidewalks (Adjacent to Streets) 64.2.3 Bike Lanes 64.2.4 Pedestrian Walkways (Not Adjacent to Streets) 6 5.0 When Streetl

19、ighting May Not Be Needed .65.1 Streets With 40KPH (25 mph) Travel Speeds or Less .65.2 Non-compliant Pole Spacing 66.0 Light Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 Choice of Light Source

20、.76.1.1 High Pressure Sodium .76.1.2 Metal Halide.76.1.3 Induction .76.1.4 LED (Light Emitting Diode)86.1.5 Other Sources .8IES DG-21-157.0 Ballasts and Control Gear .97.1 HID Ballast Types and Characteristics.97.1.1 Reactor Ballasts97.1.2 High Reactance Auto-transformer Ballasts 97.1.3 Constant Wat

21、tage Auto-transformer (CWA) Ballasts.97.1.4 Constant Wattage Isolated Secondary (CWI) Ballasts .97.1.5 Regulated Lag Ballasts 97.2 LED Driver Types and Characteristics .97.2.1. Constant Voltage (CV) .97.2.2. Constant Current (CC) .98.0 Optics 109.0 Luminaire Types .1010.0 Energy Management.1011.0 De

22、sign Method and Verification1012.0 Maintenance .1113.0 Monitoring and Control Systems.12Bibliography .12Glossary and Definitions .13Annex A.181IES DG-21-151.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 GeneralWithin the hierarchy of a transportation system, residential streets typically use the lowest light lev-els. These str

23、eets normally have the least volume of traffic at the lowest design speeds. Their primary function is to provide access to individual residen-tial properties for motorized vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians. The majority of residential street traffic is generated by people whose origin or destinatio

24、n is on that street or in that neighborhood.In reality, these streets provide a lot more to the resi-dents than a means to get to the arterial street sys-tem. These are the streets that families live on, play in, and use every day of their lives. The residential street contributes to the character o

25、f the residential neighborhood. It is the backbone of the pedestrian and bicycle networks. Low design speeds and traffic volumes do not diminish the importance of residen-tial streets; they are the lifelines that feed into the transportation system. Nationally there are more miles of residential str

26、eets then all the other types of streets combined.The nature and multiple uses of our neighborhood streets extend the use of these streets to accom-modate more than daylight activities. The addition of residential street lighting can promote the safe use of the streets at night for vehicles, bicycle

27、s and pedestrians. It can also help a neighborhood develop its own sense of character. Residential street lighting can also include walkway lighting which links neigh-borhoods or community facilities such as schools, community centers, parks and walking trails. Because roadway lighting is a safety e

28、nhancement for the public, designers should always maintain the recommended lighting levels for roadway facili-ties, including residential streets. In some cases, the control of obtrusive light and the intent of street lighting may be in conflict. Lighting the area adjacent to roadway travel lanes (

29、typically within or adjacent to the road allowance) for instance, can benefit a drivers peripheral vision and improve overall road-way user safety by providing visibility of crossroads, driveways and sidewalks.Lighting levels may be reduced when the level of pedestrian activity diminishes. This conc

30、ept is discussed in this document under the heading of “Adaptive Lighting.” (For additional informa-tion, refer to ANSI/IES DG-28-15 Guide for the Selection, Installation, Operations and Maintenance of Roadway Lighting Control Systems.)1.2 Scope and GoalsWhen designing a lighting system for resident

31、ial streets, there is a wide spectrum of criteria to con-sider, including local jurisdiction regulations for both light levels and trespass and the desires of the community as a whole. This document will attempt to provide the designer with typical criteria and guidelines and provide a step-by-step

32、procedure for developing a safe and friendly lighting environment.IES DG-21-15 should be viewed in conjunction with the main recommended practice for the current version of ANSI/IES RP-8-14 American National Standard for Roadway Lighting. It is intended to be used to assist the designer in developin

33、g a lighting system for residential streets that will meet the stan-dards and criteria set out in ANSI/IES RP-8-14 along with local ordinances and concerns for landscape design.There are many general objectives that can be achieved in a residential street lighting installation. A few of these are li

34、sted here: Pedestrian and driver safety Obtrusive light control Minimized power usage Community and neighborhood ambience Crime reduction Comfortable use of residential neighborhood streets after dark2.0 OBTRUSIVE LIGHTFor most of mans existence, there has been a desire to dispel the dark. During th

35、e past 100 years, applied lighting technology has provided the abil-ity to illuminate the outdoors so that most facilities can be used day and night. With the commercial and residential expansion going on presently, there has become a need to address excessive outdoor lighting. As research continues

36、 regarding this phe-nomenon and concerns for energy conservation are being raised, lighting designs are being scru-tinized. Because subdivisions can be very large with the potential of being expanded it is important that public lighting be approved by local authorities, keeping in mind the potential

37、 impacts of each new installation.During the past few years, research has been on-going to review the impacts that improper lighting and light pollution are having on wildlife, both flora and fauna, and more importantly humans. This research has been looking at the possible effects 2IES DG-21-15ing

38、equipment selection and installation. Sky bright-ness increases in proportion to the installed lumens unless steps are taken to mitigate the problem.2.2 Lighting ZonesZoning is a recognized practice for establishing a basis for regulations. Zoning allows a community to determine appropriate types of

39、 use in different areas within its jurisdiction. Similarly, lighting zones may be used to set limits on the type and amount of lighting that can be used in different areas. Lighting zones help communities minimize extremes in lighting such as a brightly lighted car dealership adjacent to or within l

40、ine of sight of a residential neighborhood, or a lighted sports facility in the middle of a residential neighborhood. Lighting zones may also include restrictions on outdoor lighting that impact “places of sleep” such as residential areas, hospitals, and long term care facilities. Lighting zones may

41、 also employ vertical zoning such as in mixed use facilities where the commercial aspects are on the street level with residential units on the higher levels. The choice of an appropriate lighting zone is a mat-ter of judgment based on community priorities for any given area. Among the factors that

42、may be con-sidered are neighborhood ambient conditions, light-ing expectations, special environmental concerns, and how interior lighting may affect the exterior environment. 2.2.1 Lighting Zone Definitions Because identifying the appropriate outdoor lighting zone is a matter of judgment and consens

43、us, there is no uniform means of determining which zone is appropriate. The same type of lighting application may fall into different light-ing zones in different jurisdictions. Here are the Lighting Zone definitions as defined in the Joint IDA-IES Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO):LZ0: No ambient ligh

44、tingAreas where the natural environment will be seriously and adversely affected by lighting. Impacts include disturbing the biological cycles of flora and fauna and/or detracting from human enjoyment and appreciation of the natural environment. Human activity is subordinate in importance to nature.

45、 The vision of human residents and users is adapted to the darkness, and they expect to see little or no lighting. When not needed, lighting should be extinguished.LZ1: Low ambient lightingAreas where lighting might adversely affect flora and fauna or disturb the character of the area. on sleep depr

46、ivation, circadian rhythm disruption, light trespass into homes and light trespass from over-lit commercial establishments (gas station and shopping areas on to public streets). Over-lighting of private property is sometimes done to compensate for high levels of light next to public ways. Public way

47、s adjacent to commercial lighting are being over lighted to compensate for the high level of scatter light coming from the commercial area. The results can be energy waste, reduced visibility and undesir-able lighting for both pedestrians and drivers.2.1 Obtrusive Light or Light PollutionObtrusive l

48、ight, commonly referred to as light pollu-tion, usually comes in two forms; light trespass and sky glow.2.1.1 Light Trespass Light Trespass is usually defined as glare, scattered light or nuisance light (per CIE Light Trespass Research Report, “Unwanted light, which because of quantitative, directio

49、nal, or spectral attributes, in a given context, gives rise to annoyance, discomfort, distraction, or a reduction in the ability to see essential information.”) This is light that is not controlled for a single purpose (light-ing a yard) but strays onto adjacent property or into adjacent buildings from street lighting and light that strays onto public roadways from adjacent commer-cial establishments. In a subdivision, obtrusive light can be very distracting and annoying. It can disturb the community night time spirit and is contrary to efficient lighting. Light trespas