IESNA LM-52-2003 Guide for Photometric Measurements of Roadway Sign Installations.pdf

1、IESNA LM-52-03IESNA Guide forPhotometric Measurements ofRoadway SignInstallations Prepared by:The Photometry of Outdoor Luminaires Subcommitteeof the IESNA Testing Procedures CommitteeIESThe LIGHTING AUTHORITYIESNA LM-52-03IESNA Guidefor Photometric Measurementsof Roadway Sign InstallationsPublicati

2、on of this Committee Report has been approved by the IESNA. Suggestions forrevisions should be directed to the IESNA. Prepared by:The Photometry of Outdoor Luminaires Subcommitteeof the IESNA Testing Procedures CommitteeIESNA LM-52-03Copyright 2003 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North Am

3、erica.Approved by the IESNA Board of Directors, December 6, 2003 as a Transaction of the Illuminating EngineeringSociety of North America.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval systemor otherwise, without prior written permission o

4、f the IESNA.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IESNA Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IESNA Officein New York. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors

5、are noted in this document, please for-ward them to Rita Harrold, Director Educational and Technical Development, at the above address for verificationand correction. The IESNA welcomes and urges feedback and comments. Printed in the United States of America.ISBN: # 0-87995-196-6DISCLAIMERIESNA publ

6、ications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by theAmerican National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied view-points and interests to achieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IESNA administers theproc

7、ess and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, itmakes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. TheIESNA disclaims liability for any injury to persons or property or other damages of any nature w

8、hatsoever,whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication,use of, or reliance on this document.In issuing and making this document available, the IESNA is not undertaking to render professional or otherservices for or on behalf of any p

9、erson or entity. Nor is the IESNA undertaking to perform any duty owed byany person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own indepen-dent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise ofreasonable care

10、in any given circumstances.The IESNA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of thisdocument. Nor does the IESNA list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliancewith this document. Any certification or statement of compl

11、iance with the requirements of this document shallnot be attributable to the IESNA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.IESNA LM-52-03Prepared by the Subcommittee on Photometry for Outdoor Luminaires of the IESNA TestingProcedures CommitteeSubcommittee on Photo

12、metry for Outdoor LuminairesMichael Grather, ChairC. Anderson C. LochJ. Arens M. McCordR. Horan S. McKnight*R. Dahl* W. NewlandW. Dorman* C. OoyenD. Husby* R. Speck*C. Latsis* G. SteinbergL. Leetzow*IESNA Testing Procedures CommitteeCarla Ooyen, Chair C. AndersonJ. ArensL. AyersW. BeakesR. BergerR.

13、BerginR. BergmanR. BlanchetteJ. Clegg*J. CyreR. Dahl*R. DaubachW. Dorman*K. Dowling*D. EllisJ. Gee*K. GoldschmidtM. GratherR. HoranD. Husby*D. Jenkins*D. Karambelas*R. Kimm*M. KotrebaiC. Latsis*L. Lerbs*R. Levin*I. LewinC. LochR. Low*M. McCordG. McKeeS. McKnight*D. Mertz*C. Cameron MillerW. NewlandY

14、. Ohno*D. RandolphD. RectorD. Smith*R. Speck*L. Stafford*E. Steeb*G. SteinbergN. Stuffer*S. Treado*J. Walker*T. Yahraus*J. Zhang* Advisory Member* Honorary MemberIESNA LM-52-03CONTENTSForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 Intoduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 Conditions of Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 New Installations . . . . . . .

18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 Old Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 Electrical Conditions . . .

19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 Extraneous Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 Test Equipment . . . . . . .

20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Illumi

21、nance Measurement Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 Luminance Measurement Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4 Electrical Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 Making Illuminance Measurements . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Making Luminance Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2.1 Legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2.2 Border . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2.3 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2.4 Luminance Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2.5 Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.0 Test Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Annex A - Determining Test Area Sizes and Measurement Locations on Example Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6IESNA Guide for PhotometricMeasurements of Roadway SignInstallationsFOREWORDThis guide is a revision of LM-52-98 IES

28、NA Guide forPhotometric Measurements of Roadway Sign Installa-tions.1Safety concerns have been more prominently fea-tured, while references and some minor technical itemshave been updated. Guidelines for the nighttime illumina-tion of roadway signs recommending levels of illuminance,luminance, and u

29、niformities have been established by theRoadway Sign Lighting Subcommittee of the IESNARoadway Lighting Committee and the Joint Task Force forHighway Lighting of the American Association of StateHighway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Theserecommendations are published by the IESNA asRecommen

30、ded Practice for Roadway Sign Lighting2andby the AASHTO as An Informational Guide For RoadwayLighting.3The IESNA Testing Procedures Committee hasprepared this guide so that the photometric measurementand evaluation of roadway sign installations can be per-formed in a logical and uniform manner.This

31、guide does not address the photometric mea-surements of roadway signs using self-luminous ele-ments (such as light emitting diodes and fiber optics)or variable messages.In this guide, the term reflective describes the ability ofa given material to reflect light, regardless of the direc-tion of the r

32、eflected rays, while the term retro-reflec-tive describes the ability of a material to reflect light insuch a way that the paths of the reflected rays are par-allel to those of the incident rays.Some inconsistent use of the terms reflective, retro-reflective, nonreflective, non-reflectorized, and op

33、aquehas been found in lighting and traffic engineering liter-ature. The following comments are provided to elimi-nate any possible uncertainties:1) In traffic engineering usage, reflective, when usedin reference to signs or sign materials, is synony-mous with retro-reflective.2) Whenever traffic eng

34、ineers3refer to sign back-ground materials made of painted or porcelainizedenamel surfaces, the materials are said to be eitheropaque, nonreflective, or non-reflectorized. Retro-reflective materials, (used for sign legend, symbols,and borders), such as enclosed, encapsulated, orprismatic sheeting (e

35、ngineer grade, high intensity,or Types I, II, .), are interchangeably referred to aseither reflective or retro-reflective. (Note: In trafficengineering parlance, the term “non-reflective“ hasalways been used to describe sign surface finishesmade of non-retro-reflective materials. In thisusage, “non-

36、reflective“ means that such a surfacehas a very low reflectivity when compared to so-called reflective or retro-reflective materials. It doesnot mean that absolutely no light is reflected.)1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 ObjectiveThis guide provides test procedures and methods ofobtaining and reporting data tha

37、t will promote the uni-form evaluation of the photometric nighttime perfor-mance of roadway sign installations.1.2 ScopeThe guide generally applies to all roadway sign instal-lations using an integral lighting system. These signsmay be externally illuminated, utilizing nontransparent(opaque) surface

38、 materials (legend, border, and back-ground); or, they may be internally lighted, utilizingtranslucent sign materials. This guide does not addressthe measurement and evaluation of luminous sourcemessage signs (matrices of individual lamps or otherluminous elements making up a message). In the con-te

39、xt of this guide, retro-reflective sign materials are con-sidered only insofar as they yield luminance values dueto their fixed lighting systems. Additional information isavailable for photometrically evaluating roadway signsmade of reflective materials that are illuminated byautomotive headlights.4

40、-62.0 CONDITIONS OF TEST2.1 GeneralThe accuracy of field photometry is of a lower orderthan laboratory photometry. Therefore, it is importantto record all the existing conditions, such as: Voltage Current Wattage Age of light source Apparent dirt accumulation Ambient temperature Lamp burning positio

41、n Location of luminaires with respect to the sign surface1IESNA LM-52-03 Any other factors that might affect the results ofthe test (e.g., ambient temperature extremes arenot conducive to accurate testing)In measuring the luminance of a sign, the signs sur-face material and its condition (particular

42、ly with regardto dirt accumulation and surface deterioration) play animportant role and should be recorded.2.2 New InstallationsThe luminaires of any new installation should be cleanwith new lamps installed. Before testing, the lampsshould be properly seasoned7and the luminaires andlamps should be p

43、roperly installed and adjusted. Allsurfaces that reflect or transmit light should be clean.2.3 Old InstallationsIf tests are made to check the performance of an exist-ing installation after depreciation in service, the conditionof the luminaires, lamps, and sign surface should berecorded. If the sys

44、tems efficiency will be determinedafter cleaning and maintenance, measurements shouldbe made both before and after such maintenance.2.4 Electrical ConditionsElectrical circuit operating conditions will influencelamp light output. At the time of photometric measure-ment, these system conditions shoul

45、d be known asprecisely as possible at the luminaire. If possible, mea-surements of current, voltage, and wattage should beascertained at individual lamp sockets. This will deter-mine whether the lamps are operating in accordancewith rated circuit conditions. Periodic measurements ofthe line voltage

46、to the ballast will generally suffice formonitoring purposes after the initial operating condi-tions are established. High intensity discharge lamps(HID) should be operated for at least one hour toensure a stable photometric test reading.SAFETY CAUTION: Only someone experienced inusing measurement i

47、nstruments under high voltageconditions shall make measurements of electricalconditions at the lamp. The high voltages present, andthe very high voltage starting pulses for high pressuresodium and metal halide lamps (up to 4000 volts),present a serious shock hazard. Proper precautionsmust also be ta

48、ken to protect instruments from highvoltage starting pulses.2.5 Extraneous LightTests should be made when the atmosphere is clearand when extraneous light is at a minimum. Extraneousbright light sources in the vicinity require careful atten-tion in outdoor sign lighting tests. Normally, measure-ment

49、s should not be made when snow is on the groundbecause reflection could introduce errors. Extreme careshould be taken so that the operator or other personnelinvolved in the test proceedings do not (1) cast a shad-ow on, or block light from, the photodetector and thusexclude some of the light from the equipment under testand/or (2) reflect light (by wearing light-colored clothing)and thus increase the illuminance level measured.3.0 TEST EQUIPMENT3.1 GeneralInstruments with digital readouts are preferred. Forscale-type instruments, all readings should be withinthe upper one-