IESNA LM-65-2014 Approved Method Life Testing of Single-Based Fluorescent Lamps.pdf

1、IES LM-65-14Approved Method Life Testing of Single-Based Fluorescent Lamps IES LM-65-14IES Approved Method forLife Testingof Single-Based Fluorescent LampsPrepared byThe Subcommittee on Photometry of Light Sourcesof the IES Testing Procedures Committee.IES LM-65-14Copyright 2014 by the Illuminating

2、Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IES Board of Directors December 30, 2014, as a Transaction of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval system or otherwise, wi

3、thout prior written permission of the IES.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IES Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IES Office in New York. Careful attention is given to style a

4、nd accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, please forward them to Rita Harrold, Director of Technology, at the above address for verification and correction. The IES welcomes and urges feedback and comments. ISBN # 978-0-87995-303-4Printed in the United States of America.DISCLAIMERIES pu

5、blications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers represent-ing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IES administers the pr

6、ocess and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. The IES disclaims liability for any injury to persons or prop-erty or other damages of any natur

7、e whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or com-pensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document.In issuing and making this document available, the IES is not undertaking to render profes-sional or other services for or on behalf of

8、 any person or entity. Nor is the IES undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable

9、care in any given circumstances.The IES has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. Nor does the IES list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or statement of co

10、mpliance with the require-ments of this document shall not be attributable to the IES and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.IES LM-65-14Prepared by the Subcommittee on Photometry of Light SourcesIES Testing Procedures Subcommittee Greg McKee, Sub-ChairIES Testin

11、g Procedures CommitteeC. Cameron Miller, ChairB. Kuebler, Vice ChairD. Ellis, SecretaryL. Ayers*R. BergmanE. Bretschneider*E. Carter*D. Chan*G. Connelly*R. Daubach*J. Demirjian*P. Elizondo*S. Ellersick*D. EllisB. Feagin*A. Gelder*T. Henning*P-C. Hung*A. JacksonD. Karambelas*T. Kawabata*T.Y. Koo*M. K

12、otrebaiJ. Leland*J. Linquata*S. LongoR. Low*V. Mahajan*J. MarellaG. McKee*C. Cameron Miller*F.-X. Morin*M. Nadal*Y. Ohno*M. Piscitelli*B. Rao*S. Rao*M. SapcoeV. Wu*R. Young*G.Yu*C. AndersenL. Ayers*A. Baker*R. BergerR. Bergin*R. BergmanJ. Blacker*C. Bloomfield*E. BretschneiderK. Broughton*E. Carter*

13、D. Chan*P. Chou*G. Connelly*J. Dakin*R. Daubach*L. Davis*J. Demirjian*P. Elizondo*P. Franck*M. GratherY. Guan*K. Haraguchi*R. Heinisch*K. Hemmi*T. Hernandez*R. Higley*R. Horan*J. HospodarskyS. Hua*J. HulettP. HungD. Husby*A. JacksonD. Jenkins*J. JiaoD. Karambelas*H. Kashani*T. Kawabata*R. Kelley*T.

14、Koo*M. KotrebaiJ. Lawton*L. Leetzow*J. Leland*K. Lerbs*R. Levin*I. Lewin*R. Li*K. Liepmann*S. LongoR. Low*M. Lu*J. MarellaP. McCarthyG. McKeeM. Minarczyk*Z. Mooney*F. Morin*M. Nadal*D. Nava*B. Neale*Y. Ohno*J. Pan*D. Park*N. Peimanovic*E. Perkins*M. Piscitelli*G. Plank*E. RadkovD. Randolph*C. Richar

15、ds*E. Richman*K. Rong*M. SapcoeJ. SchutzA.Serres*A. SmithR. Speck*L. Stafford*G. SteinbergR. TuttleT. Uchida*K. Wagner*J. Walker*H. Waugh*D. Weiss*J. Welch*K. Wilcox*B. Willcock*V. Wu*J. YonR. Young*J. Zhang* Advisory* Honorary Member* Committee LiaisonIES LM-65-14IES LM-65-14Please refer to the IES

16、 Bookstore after you have purchased this IES Standard, for possible Errata, Addenda, and Clarifications, www.ies.org/store.ContentsForeword .1Introduction.11.0 Scope .22.0 Normative references 23.0 Nomenclature and Definitions .23.1 Lamp Failure .23.2 Lamp Life23.3 Rated Lamp Life 24.0 Ambient and P

17、hysical Conditions 24.1 General24.2 Vibration 24.3 Temperature .24.4 Air Movement 34.5 Operating Orientation and Lamp Spacing .35.0 Electrical Conditions.35.1. Power Supply Requirements35.1.1. Input Voltage 35.1.2 Input Voltage Waveshape 35.1.3 Voltage Regulation .35.2. Auxiliary equipment .35.2.1 I

18、ntegrated Ballast 35.2.2 Non-integrated Ballast.35.2.3 Starters 35.3 Electrical Instrumentation 35.4 Wiring.35.5 Lamp Holders / Connections36.0 Lamp Test Procedures .46.1 Lamp selection .46.2 Lamp Handling .46.3 Lamp Marking 46.4 Operating Cycle 46.5 Recording Failure .47.0 Test Report .4Informative

19、 References .5ANNEX A .5IES LM-65-141IES LM-65-14FOREWORDThis approved method is a revision of IES LM-65-2010, Approved Method for Life Testing of Compact Fluorescent Lamps. Self-ballasted electrodeless fluorescent lamps have been added to the scope.INTRODUCTIONThe fluorescent lamp is an electric di

20、scharge source in which light is produced predominantly by fluo-rescent powders activated by ultraviolet energy generated by mercury atoms brought to an excited state by collision with electrons in a low-pressure rare gas-mercury discharge or arc. There are two main ways to generate the electrical d

21、ischarge. The most common is to pass current through the gas via electrodes (cathodes) that are connected by wires through the glass envelope. The other way is to induce a current without the need of electrodes by use of high frequency magnetic induction. This type of discharge source is commonly ca

22、lled an electrodeless discharge lamp.Like most electric discharge lamps, both types of fluorescent lamps require operation in series with a current limiting device. This device, commonly called a ballast, which may be either electromagnetic or electronic, limits the discharge current to the value fo

23、r which the lamp type is designed. The ballast, in conjunction with the appropriate power supply, pro-vides the required starting capability and maintains the operating lamp voltage and current as required to meet the design specifications for the lamp. Fluorescent lamps with electrodes require long

24、 dis-charge lengths to be optimally efficient. Normally the discharge lamp is a cylindrical tube with phosphor coated on the inside surface with an electrode at each end. A long tubular lamp can be made compact by being folded one or more times or spiraled in a helix in such a way that both electrod

25、es are config-ured to have one connection, hence single-based construction. Further, lamps of any of these bent-tube geometries can be covered with visible radia-tion transmitting envelopes having bulb shapes such as globe (G shaped), tubular (T bulbs), reflector (R and PAR shaped) and others. Induc

26、tion-driven electrodeless fluorescent lamps, on the other hand, are necessarily more compact as the discharge current is required to form a closed loop inside the structure. Electrodeless fluorescent lamps are normally globular but can be made into A-line types, ring structures and reflector lamps.

27、Regardless of the electrodeless lamps outer shape, it has a more convoluted topological construction as it should incorporate an electromagnet outside the inert gas/mercury container (gas discharge volume) around which the current circulates. Two methods are in current use: a tubular coil inserted o

28、n the axis of a globular (A-line type, or reflector lamp), or a toroidal coil through which a circular glass tube is inserted. While electrodeless lamps are in fact compact in size, electrodeless fluorescent lamps are not includ-ed in the definition for Compact Fluorescent Lamps in ANSI/IES RP-16-10

29、. Thus the word compact has been removed from the title of this document to show this distinction.Finally, there are two categories of compact fluores-cent lamps (CFLs): integrated and non-integrated. Non-integrated CFLs, normally only those with elec-trodes, are comprised of a discharge tube, lamp

30、base, and electrical connectors which interface to a lamp holder and connects the external ballast to the lamp. For non-integrated CFLs the ballast is essentially the same as for double-based (linear) fluorescent lamps and the starting circuits can be the same, i.e., preheat, instant start, rapid st

31、art or program start. Integrated CFLs and electrodeless lamps combine the discharge tube or induction structure, ballast (normally electronic), lamp base and appropriate housings into one structure. Most electrodeless lamps are integrated (self-ballasted) lamps, because the electro-magnet, which is

32、part of the ballast, should be in close proximity to the discharge chamber. Typically integrated lamps can be directly connected to the branch circuit using standard lamp holders. It is often important to know the light output, efficacy, and lamp lumen maintenance as well as the life of these lamps.

33、 The Annex to this document discusses these issues. For information on the photometry of single-based fluorescent lamps, see IES LM-66-14.1Life performance of single-based fluorescent lamps is typically affected by variables such as operating cycle, vibration, airflow, conditions imposed by auxil-ia

34、ry equipment and fixture ambient temperature and orientation. Test conditions and programs should be designed to give comparable results when adopted by various laboratories. The recommendations of this approved method have been made with these objectives in mind.2IES LM-65-141.0 SCOPEThis approved

35、method describes the procedures to be followed and the precautions to be observed in obtaining uniform and reproducible life test measure-ments of single-based compact fluorescent lamps and integrated electrodeless fluorescent lamps under standard conditions when operating on alternating current cir

36、cuits. This document does not include linear, circular-shaped or single-based U-bent fluo-rescent lamps.22.0 NORMATIVE REFERENCES2.1 ANSI/IES RP-16-2010 Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering, New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2010.2.2 ANSI C78.901-2013

37、American National Standard for Electric Lamps: Single-Based Fluorescent Lamps Dimensional and Electrical Characteristics, New York: American National Standards Institute.2.3 ANSI C78.5-2003 American National Standard for Electric Lamps: Specifications for Perfor-mance of Self Ballasted Compact Fluor

38、escent Lamps, New York: American National Standards Institute.2.4 ANSI C78.180-2003 American National Standard Specifications for Fluorescent Lamp Starters, New York: American National Standards Institute.2.5 ANSI C82.1-2004 American National Standard Specifications for Lamp Ballasts-Line Frequency,

39、 New York: American National Standards Institute.2.6 ANSI C82.11-2011 American National Standard Specifications for High Frequency Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts, New York: American National Standards Institute.3.0 NOMENCLATURE AND DEFINITIONSThe units of electrical measurement used in this test method a

40、re the volt, the ampere, and the watt. The units of photometric measurement are the lumen and the candela. 3.1 Lamp FailureLamp failure for this test method refers to the point where a lamp stops operating. Other lamp failures, such as manufacturing defects, are reported but not included in the calc

41、ulation of lamp life.3.2 Lamp LifeLife of a test lamp, for this test method, refers to the actual operating time of the lamp until failure, expressed in hours, and shall not include any off time.3.3 Rated Lamp LifeRated lamp life, for this test method, is the life value assigned to a particular type

42、 of lamp. This is com-monly a statistically determined estimate of median operational life. For life rating, the applicable defini-tion of median is the total operating time at which, under normal operating conditions, 50 percent of any large group of initially installed lamps is expected to be stil

43、l operating.34.0 AMBIENT AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS4.1 GeneralIt is good laboratory practice that the storage and testing of lamps should be undertaken in a relatively clean environment.4.2 VibrationLamps should not be subjected to excessive vibra-tion or shock, during life testing.4.3 TemperatureAmbie

44、nt (room) temperature shall be controlled between 15C (60F) and 40C (105F). When the testing temperature range is exceeded, life testing shall be suspended.Temperatures above 40C (105F) may be deleteri-ous to ballasts and components and affect lamp starting.For non-integrated lamps, the ballast case

45、 tempera-ture at the test point specified by the manufacturer shall be less than or equal to the maximum “allowed” case temperature.43IES LM-65-14Life testing at elevated temperatures (e.g., reflec-tor type lamps in enclosed fixtures or in specially designed elevated temperature apparatus) may be do

46、ne. In these cases, the room ambient tempera-ture requirements above still apply and the test con-ditions shall be included in the test report.When specified by the manufacturer, critical lamp temperatures such as the bulb wall temperature or the control point temperature shall be maintained.4.4 Air

47、 MovementAirflow should be minimized for proper lamp starting and operation.4.5 Operating Orientation and Lamp SpacingThe operating orientation of the lamps under test should be as specified by the manufacturer. When an orientation is not specified, or where more than one orientation is specified, t

48、he lamp should be tested in the orientation that will be used in the appli-cation and shall be reported in the test report.Fixtures used in applications can influence lamp life. If a simulated fixture is used in life testing to approxi-mate this effect, the fixture shall be described in the life tes

49、t report.The lamp/fixtures shall be spaced to allow airflow around each lamp/fixture. This is facilitated by designing open life testing racks with minimal struc-tural components to block airflow.5.0 ELECTRICAL CONDITIONS5.1 Power Supply Requirements5.1.1 Input Voltage Input voltage shall conform to the rated (root mean square rms) input voltage and frequency of the ballast or integrated lamp. If the rated input voltage is a range, then a nominal value should be selected and shall be reported as a test condition.5.1.2 Input Voltage Wave-shape The power sup-ply shall ha