IESNA LM-66-2014 Approved Method Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Single-Based Fluorescent Lamps.pdf

1、IES LM-66-14Approved Method: Electrical and Photometric Measurements ofSingle-Based Fluorescent LampsIES LM-66-14IES Approved Methodfor theElectrical and Photometric Measurements ofSingle-Based Fluorescent LampsPrepared by the Subcommittee on The Subcommittee on Photometry of Light Sources of the IE

2、S Testing Procedures CommitteeIES LM-66-14Copyright 2014 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IES Board of Directors December 30, 2014, as a Transaction of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may b

3、e reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the IES.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IES Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and

4、produced by the IES Office in New York. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, please forward them to Rita Harrold, Director of Technology, at the above address for verification and correction. The IES welcomes and urges feedback and comments. ISB

5、N # 978-0-87995-304-1Printed in the United States of America.DISCLAIMERIES publications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers represent-ing varied viewpoints and interests to ac

6、hieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IES administers the process and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. The IES disclaims l

7、iability for any injury to persons or prop-erty or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or com-pensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document.In issuing and making this document available, the IES is

8、not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IES undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the a

9、dvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.The IES has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. Nor does the IES list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installat

10、ions for compliance with this document. Any certification or statement of compliance with the require-ments of this document shall not be attributable to the IES and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.IES LM-66-14Prepared by the Subcommittee on Photometry of Ligh

11、t SourcesIES Testing Procedures Subcommittee Greg McKee, Sub-ChairIES Testing Procedures CommitteeC. Cameron Miller, ChairB. Kuebler, Vice ChairD. Ellis, SecretaryL. Ayers*R. BergmanE. Bretschneider*E.Carter*D. Chan*G. Connelly*R. Daubach*J. Demirjian*P. Elizondo*S. Ellersick*D. EllisB. Feagin*A. Ge

12、lder*T. Henning*P-C. Hung*A. JacksonD. Karambelas*T. Kawabata*T.Y. Koo*M. KotrebaiJ. Leland*J. Linquata*S. LongoR. Low*V. Mahajan*J. MarellaG. McKee*C. Cameron Miller*F.X. Morin*M. Nadal*Y. Ohno*M. Piscitelli*B. Rao*S. Rao*M. SapcoeV. Wu*R. Young*G.Yu*C. AndersenL. Ayers*A. Baker*R. BergerR. Bergin*

13、R. BergmanJ. Blacker*C. Bloomfield*E. BretschneiderK. Broughton*E. Carter*D. Chan*P. Chou*G. Connelly*J. Dakin*R. Daubach*L. Davis*J. Demirjian*P. Elizondo*P. Franck*M. GratherY. Guan*K. Haraguchi*R. Heinisch*K. Hemmi*T. Hernandez*R. Higley*R. Horan*J. HospodarskyS. Hua*J. HulettP. HungD. Husby*A. J

14、acksonD. Jenkins*J. JiaoD. Karambelas*H. Kashani*T. Kawabata*R. Kelley*T. Koo*M. KotrebaiJ. Lawton*L. Leetzow*J. Leland*K. Lerbs*R. Levin*I. Lewin*R. Li*K. Liepmann*S. LongoR. Low*M. Lu*J. MarellaP. McCarthyG. McKeeM. Minarczyk*Z. Mooney*F. Morin*M. Nadal*D. Nava*B. Neale*Y. Ohno*J. Pan*D. Park*N. P

15、eimanovic*E. Perkins*M. Piscitelli*G. Plank*E. RadkovD. Randolph*C. Richards*E. Richman*K. Rong*M. SapcoeJ. SchutzA.Serres*A. SmithR. Speck*L. Stafford*G. SteinbergR. TuttleT. Uchida*K. Wagner*J. Walker*H. Waugh*D. Weiss*J. Welch*K. Wilcox*B. Willcock*V. Wu*J. YonR. Young*J. Zhang* Advisory* Honorar

16、y Member* Committee LiaisonIES LM-66-14IES LM-66-14Please refer to the IES Bookstore after you have purchased this IES Standard, for possible Errata, Addenda, and Clarifications, www.ies.org/bookstore.ContentsForeword .1Introduction.11.0 Scope .22.0 Normative References23.0 Definitions .23.1 Amalgam

17、 23.2 Cold Chamber or Cold Spot 24.0 Ambient and Physical Conditions 24.1 General24.2 Vibration 34.3 Temperature .34.4 Air Movement 34.5 Operating Orientation35.0 Power Source Characteristics .35.1 Power Supply Requirements35.1.1 Voltage Waveshape35.1.2 Voltage Regulation 35.1.3 Power Supply Impedan

18、ce.35.2 Auxiliary equipment .35.2.1 Reference Circuit Requirements .35.2.2 Circuits for High Frequency Operation of lamps with electrodes 45.2.2.1 Preheat Start Lamps, Non-Integrated, Line Frequency45.2.2.2 Rapid Start Lamps, Non-Integrated, Line Frequency .45.2.2.3 Instant Start Lamps, Non-Integrat

19、ed, Line frequency .55.2.3 Integrated Compact Fluorescent Lamp and Integrated Electrodeless Fluorescent Lamps 65.2.4 Starters65.3 Electrical Instrumentation 65.3.1 Frequency Response 65.3.2 Impedance Limitations .75.3.3 Instrument Tolerance/Uncertainty 76.0 Testing Procedures Requirements .76.1 Prep

20、aration for Test .76.1.1 Marking and Handling Requirements .76.1.2 Seasoning .76.1.3 Preburn76.1.4 Transfer of Lamp to the Measurement Circuit 7IES LM-66-146.2 Stabilization76.2.1 Preferred Method76.2.2 Unusual Conditions .76.3 Photometric Measurement Requirements .86.3.1 Integrating Sphere Measurem

21、ent 86.3.2 Intensity (Candela) Distribution86.4 Color Measurements 87.0 Test Report .8Informative References .9Annex A - Photometric measurements of lamps using fixed current method at high frequency .9Annex B - Use of the “Peak” Method.10Annex C - Normal Intensity (Candela) Measurements .101IES LM-

22、66-14FOREWORDThis approved method is a revision of IES LM-66-2011, Approved Method for the Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Single-Ended Compact Fluorescent Lamps. Changes have been made to include self-ballasted or integrated electro-deless fluorescent lamps in the scope.INTRODUCTIONThe f

23、luorescent lamp is an electric discharge source in which light is produced predominantly by fluo-rescent powders activated by ultraviolet energy generated by mercury atoms brought to an excited state by collision with electrons in a low-pressure rare gas-mercury discharge or arc. There are two main

24、ways to generate the electrical discharge. The most common is to pass current through the gas via electrodes (cathodes) that are connected by wires through the glass envelope. The other way is to induce a current without the need of electrodes by use of high frequency magnetic induction. This type o

25、f discharge lamp is commonly called an electrode-less discharge lamp.Like most electric discharge lamps, both types of fluorescent lamps require operation in series with a current limiting device. This device, commonly called a ballast, which may be either electromagnetic or electronic, limits the d

26、ischarge current to the value for which the lamp type is designed. The ballast, in conjunction with the appropriate power supply, pro-vides the required starting capability and maintains the operating lamp voltage and current as required to meet the design specifications for the lamp.Fluorescent lam

27、ps with electrodes require long dis-charge lengths to be optimally efficient. Normally the discharge lamp is a cylindrical tube with phosphor coated on the inside surface with an electrode at each end. A long tubular lamp can be made compact by being folded one or more times or spiraled in a helix i

28、n such a way that both electrodes are config-ured to have one connection, hence single-based construction. Further, lamps of any of these bent-tube geometries can be covered with visible radia-tion transmitting envelopes having bulb shapes such as globe (G shaped), tubular (T bulbs), reflector (R an

29、d PAR shaped) and others.Induction-driven electrodeless fluorescent lamps, on the other hand, are necessarily more compact as the discharge current is required to form a closed loop inside the structure. Electrodeless fluorescent lamps are normally globular but can be made into A-line types, ring st

30、ructures and reflector lamps. Regardless of the electrodeless lamps outer shape, it has a more convoluted topological construction as it must incorporate an electromagnet outside the inert gas/mercury container (gas discharge volume) around which the current circulates. Two methods are in current us

31、e: a tubular coil inserted on the axis of a globular (A-line type, and reflector lamps), or a toroidal coil through which a circular glass tube is inserted. While electrodeless lamps are in fact compact in size, electrodeless fluorescent lamps are not included in the definition for Compact Fluoresce

32、nt Lamps in ANSI/IES RP-16-10 Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering. Thus the word compact has been removed from the title of this document to show this distinction.Finally, there are two categories of compact fluores-cent lamps (CFLs): integrated and non-integrated. Non-integrat

33、ed CFLs, normally only those with elec-trodes, are comprised of a discharge tube, lamp base and electrical connectors that interface to a lamp holder that connects the external ballast to the lamp. For non-integrated CFLs the ballast is essen-tially the same as for double-ended (linear) fluores-cent

34、 lamps and the starting circuits can be the same, i.e., preheat, instant start, rapid start or program start. Integrated CFLs combine the discharge tube or induction structure, ballast (normally electronic), lamp base, and appropriate housings into one struc-ture. Because the electro-magnet, which i

35、s part of the ballast, must also be in close proximity to the discharge chamber, most electrodeless lamps are integrated (self-ballasted) lamps. Typically, integrat-ed lamps can be directly connected to the branch circuit using standard lamp holders. The methods presented here are applicable to both

36、 integrated and non-integrated compact fluores-cent lamps and integrated electrodeless fluorescent lamps. Circline and U-bent lamps are covered in IES LM-9-09 Approved Method: Electrical and Photometric Measurement of Fluorescent Lamps,1and are excluded from the procedures described in this approved

37、 method. Additional information for reflector-type compact fluorescent lamps is provided in IES LM-20-13 Approved Method: Photometry of Reflector Type Lamps.2The electrical characteristics usually measured are line voltage, lamp current, lamp voltage, and lamp power. In the case of rapid start lamps

38、, the power measurements may include both the arc power and the electrode power. Arc power is the power con-sumed by the lamp discharge only, and is exclusive 2IES LM-66-14of any power that may be supplied to the lamp elec-trodes from a separate voltage source. Total lamp power is the sum of arc pow

39、er and electrode power. For the purpose of this approved method, the deter-mination of these data will be considered electrical measurements. The photometric information usually required is total luminous flux (lumens), luminous intensity (cande-las) in one or more directions, chromaticity values, a

40、nd color rendering information. For the purpose of this approved method, the determination of these data will be considered photometric measurements.For special purposes, it may be desirable to determine the characteristics of lamps when they are operated at conditions other than described in this a

41、pproved method. When this is done, such results are mean-ingful only for the particular conditions under which they were obtained. All such non-standard conditions shall be stated in the test report. Example of a spe-cial technique for photometric testing of single-based fluorescent lamps is include

42、d in Annex A.1.0 SCOPEThis approved method describes the procedures to be followed and the precautions to be observed in obtaining uniform and reproducible measurements of the electrical and photometric characteristics of single-based compact fluorescent, for both electrode and electrodeless lamps,

43、under standard conditions in alter-nating current, both line and high frequency, circuits. 2.0 NORMATIVE REFERENCESANSI/IES RP-16-2010 Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering, New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2010.ANSI C78.901-2013 American National Stan

44、dard for Electric Lamps: Single-Based Fluorescent Lamps Dimensional and Electrical Characteristics, New York: American National Standards Institute.ANSI C78.5-2003 American National Standard for Electric Lamps: Specifications for Performance of Self Ballasted Compact Fluorescent Lamps, New York: Ame

45、rican National Standards Institute.ANSI C78.180-2003 American National Standard Specifications for Fluorescent Lamp Starters, New York: American National Standards Institute.ANSI C82.1-2004 American National Standard Specifications for Lamp Ballasts-Line Frequency, New York: American National Standa

46、rds Institute.ANSI C82.3-2002 American National Standard Specifications for Reference Ballasts for Fluorescent Lamps, New York: American National Standards Institute.ANSI C82.11-2011 American National Standard Specifications for High Frequency Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts, New York: American National S

47、tandards Institute.IES LM-54-2012, IES Guide to Lamp Seasoning, New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2012. 3.0 DEFINITIONSThe units of electrical measurement used in this test method are the volt, the ampere, and the watt. The units of photometric measurement are the lumen an

48、d the candela. Color is specified in terms of CIE recommended systems.33.1 AmalgamAn alloy of mercury and other materials which are used to control the mercury vapor pressure in a fluorescent lamp. The alloy absorbs or releases mercury in relationship to the amalgam temperature. Many designs of comp

49、act fluorescent lamps include amalgam technology.3.2 Cold chamber or cold spotThe cold chamber or cold spot is the location inside a fluorescent lamp that exhibits the lowest operating temperature. Location and temperature of the cold spot are critical for optimization of lamp performance.4.0 AMBIENT AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS4.1 GeneralIt is good laboratory practice that the storage and testing of lamps should be undertaken in a relatively clean environment.3IES LM-66-144.2 VibrationLamps should not be subjected to excessive vibra-tion or shock, during testing, storage, or