IESNA LM-76-2002 IESNA Approved Method for Photometric Testing of Fiber Optics Lighting Systems.pdf

1、The LIGHTINGAUTHORITYIESNA ApprovedMethod for Photometric Testingof Fiber Optics Lighting SystemsPrepared by: The Subcommittee on Fiber Optics Photometryof the IESNA Testing Procedures CommitteeLM-76-02IESNA LM-76-02IESNA Approved Method for Photometric Testing of Fiber Optics Lighting SystemsPublic

2、ation of this Committee Report has been approved by the IESNA. Suggestions forrevisions should be directed to the IESNA. Prepared by:The Subcommittee on Fiber Optics Photometry of the IESNA Testing Procedures CommitteeCopyright 2002 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved b

3、y the IESNA Board of Directors, December 7, 2001, as a Transaction of the Illuminating EngineeringSociety of North America.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval systemor otherwise, without prior written permission of the IESNA.Pub

4、lished by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IESNA Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IESNA Officein New York. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in th

5、is document, pleaseforward them to Rita Harrold, Director Educational and Technical Development, at the above address for verifi-cation and correction. The IESNA welcomes and urges feedback and comments. ISBN # 0-87995-1885 Printed in the United States of America.DISCLAIMERIESNA publications are dev

6、eloped through the consensus standards development process approved by the AmericanNational Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests toachieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IESNA administers the process and establish

7、es policiesand procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accu-racy or completeness of any information published herein. The IESNA disclaims liability for any injury to persons orproperty or other damages of any nature whatsoever, wheth

8、er special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, direct-ly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document.In issuing and making this document available, the IESNA is not undertaking to render professional or other services foror on behalf of any person or enti

9、ty. Nor is the IESNA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity tosomeone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate,seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given c

10、ircumstances. The IESNA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document.Nor does the IESNA list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document.Any certification or statement of compliance with th

11、e requirements of this document shall not be attributable to theIESNA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.Prepared by the Subcommittee on Photometry of Light Sources of the IESNA TestingProcedures CommitteeSubcommittee on Fiber Optics Photometry Ian Lewin, Cha

12、irA.L. ConnerN. Ferzacca R. FreitagG. PajerIESNA Testing Procedures CommitteeJames Walker, ChairJ.B. ArensL.M. AyersW.E. BeakesR. BergerR.P. BerginR.S. BergmanR. BlanchetteJ.C. Clegg*K.R. CokeJ. Cyre*R.C. Dahl*R.O. DaubachW.H. Dorman*D.J. EllisJ. EvansR.B. GibbonsK.J. GoldschmidtM.L. GratherR.E. Hor

13、anD.E. Husby*R.R. Kimm*C.P. Latsis*R.E. Levin*I. LewinL. LinC.H. LochR.M. Low*P.G. McCarthyG. McKeeS.W. McKnight*D.C. Mertz*Y. OhnoC. OoyenD. Randolph*D. RectorD.C. Smith*R.C. Speck*L. Stafford*E. Steeb*S.J. Treado*J. WalkerT.G. YahrausJ. ZhangAdvisory*Honorary*Contents1.0 Introduction . . . . . . .

14、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.0 Fiber Optic System Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.1 End-emitting Fiber Optic Sys

15、tems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.2 Side-emitting Fiber Optic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.3 Selection and Preparation of Equipment for Test . . . . . . . . . .

16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.4 Fiber Optic Cable Length and Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13.0 Electrical Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23.1 Primary Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23.2 Power Supply Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、. . .24.0 Test Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.0 Test Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、 . . . . . . .25.1 Intensity Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.2 End-emitting Fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.3

20、Side-emitting Fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.4 Extraneous Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36.0 Test Cable Length .

21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47.0 Photometric Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47.1 End-emitting Syst

22、ems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47.2 Side-emitting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48.0 Photometric Calibration . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58.1 Relative Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58.2 Photometric Angle Increments for Narrow Beam Equipment

24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58.3 Direct Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69.0 Attenuation and Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69.1 Variables Affecting Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69.2 Making Attenuation Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、.79.3 Applying Correction Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710.0 Performance Differences Between Tails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .711.0 Test Reports . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .712.0 Applicability of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .813.0 For Further Read

28、ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Annex A Cal

29、culating Correction Factors for Cable Length and Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 IESNA Approved Method for PhotometricTesting of Fiber Optics Lighting Systems1.0 INTRODUCTIONThis Approved Method provides a uniform technique fordetermining and reporting the photometric characte

30、ris-tics of fiber optic lighting systems. It does not addressthe colorimetry of such systems. It is not intended toexplain the photometric testing of individual fiber opticsystem components such as illuminators, couplers, thefibers themselves, or partial systems. Component test-ing may require addit

31、ional test procedures.Variations in the illuminator, harness, fibers, and emit-ting optics will affect photometric performance.Therefore, each variation in a fiber optic system mustbe evaluated. If appropriate, photometric reports maycondense data by using weighting factors to account forperformance

32、 differences caused by system variations.The purpose of this Approved Method is to allow pro-duction of standard photometric reports which thedesigner can use in laying out fiber optics lighting andcomparing different systems. This Approved Methodtreats fiber optic lighting devices essentially as lu

33、mi-naires, with special considerations. The designer canuse design techniques similar to those used for con-ventional luminaire systems, including computerizedapproaches. The form of reporting, and the produc-tion of standard photometric files, are consistent withthe methods used for other luminaire

34、s.1-4The rapid introduction of fiber optic systems and com-ponents, as well as the many component variations,requires that documents concerned with the technicalutilization of these products be reviewed and updatedperiodically. However, because experience with newproducts is necessarily limited, thi

35、s Approved Methodmay not cover all the unique characteristics exhibitedby a particular device. Also, despite frequent revisionsto this Approved Method, recently introduced systemswith new characteristics may not be included.2.0 FIBER OPTIC SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICSThere are two general classes of fiber

36、 optics lightingsystem types; those using end-emitting fibers andthose using side-emitting fibers. This ApprovedMethod includes both end-emitting fibers used to pro-vide illumination and side-emitting fibers used for dec-orative purposes. A standard test and reporting for-mat is provided which conta

37、ins data applicable toeither purpose.2.1 End-emitting Fiber Optic SystemsEnd-emitting fiber optic systems typically use an illu-minator to inject light into a fiber that has an opaquecladding. Light is transmitted along the fiber, thenemitted at the far end either directly or through a sup-plementar

38、y optical device. This device may includelensing, some form of reflector, or shielding. End-emitting systems usually produce a conical lightbeam, although not necessarily. For such systems,the intensity distribution, flux distribution, and systemefficiency are usually of interest. These performanced

39、ata may be developed into tabulated factors and/ortables that allow the predetermination of illuminance(or surface luminance) at a given distance from thefiber end. Luminance of the fiber end or emittingdevice also may be of interest.2.2 Side-emitting Fiber Optic SystemsSystems built with side-emitt

40、ing fibers also employ anilluminator to inject light into the fiber, but the fiber istranslucent or textured. This disrupts the internalreflections within the fiber, emitting light from the fibersurface. Side-emitting systems may be designedsuch that both ends of the fiber connect into the illu-mina

41、tor and collect light. Side-emitting fibers are fre-quently used for decorative purposes, where fiberluminance is the chief interest. Side-emitting fibersmay also serve as extended length luminaires to illu-minate other surfaces. Used this way, interest nor-mally centers on intensity distribution, f

42、lux distribution,and efficiency. Fiber luminance may also be of inter-est in such applications.2.3 Selection and Preparation of Equipment forTestEquipment selected for test shall be clean and repre-sentative of the manufacturers normal product.Ballasts and power supplies regularly furnished aspart o

43、f the system shall be used to operate the lampduring the test and shall be mounted in their normallocation within the illuminator. Any filters normallyused with the system shall be in place during the test.2.4 Fiber Optic Cable Length and TypeThe length of the cable imposes an extra variablewhen tes

44、ting fiber optic lighting systems, as the lightintensity will be reduced when cable length isincreased. This Approved Method recommends thatstandard cable lengths be used for data presentation.Where the nature of the product under test makesstandard length cable inapplicable, the test reportshould c

45、learly state cable length.1IESNA LM-76-02Many different types of fiber optic cables are avail-able. They may use glass or polymer material, havea stranded or solid core, and feature small or largediameter construction. Since the cable may have asubstantial effect on system performance, the photo-met

46、ric test report shall state the cable type used.Photometric data for one cable type should not beused for a different cable type, even if all other factors(except cable type) are identical.3.0 ELECTRICAL SUPPLYBallast ratings, voltage/current levels, and voltagewave shape are of particular importanc

47、e to obtainingreliable test results.3.1 Primary VoltageBallasts shall be operated at their approximate ratedprimary voltage and frequency. If the voltage rating isa range, use the nominal voltage. The exact voltageused will be that which produces the required lampwatts (for high intensity discharge

48、lamps) or lamp cur-rent (for incandescent lamps). Alternatively, the lampmanufacturers specified ballast, or the ballast sup-plied with the illuminator, can be used at rated voltagewith voltage regulation.3.2 Power Supply CharacteristicsThe ac power supply, while operating the test lamp,shall have a

49、 sinusoidal voltage wave shape such thatthe value of the root mean square (RMS) summationof the harmonic components will not exceed 3.0 per-cent of the fundamental. It is important to check theac voltage wave shape for compliance.4.0 TEST CONDITIONSApplicable test conditions are those described in pub-lication LM-46-98, IESNA Approved Method forPhotometric Testing of Indoor Luminaires Using HighIntensity Discharge or Incandescent FilamentLamps.5Tests shall be conducted (1) on the fiberoptic system as described in the following sections ofthis Approved Method (LM-76-02), and (2) on t