IESNA LM-9-2009 Approved Method for the Electrical and Photometric Measurement of Fluorescent Lamps.pdf

1、IES LM-9-09IES Approved Method for the Electrical and Photometric Measurement of Fluorescent LampsPublication of this Approved Method has been approved by the IES. Suggestions for revision should be directed to the IESPrepared by:The Subcommittee on Photometry of Light Sources of the IES Testing Pro

2、cedures CommitteIES LM-9-09Copyright 2009 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IES Board of Directors, January 31, 2009, as a Transaction of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in

3、 any form, in any electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the IES.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IES Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the

4、 IES Office in New York. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, please forward them to Rita Harrold, Director of Technology, at the above address for verification and correction. The IES welcomes and urges feedback and comments. ISBN # 978-0-87995

5、-230-3Printed in the United States of America.DISCLAIMERIES publications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus

6、on lighting recommendations. While the IES administers the process and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. The IES disclaims liability for any

7、 injury to persons or property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document.In issuing and making this document available, the IES is not undertaking to

8、 render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IES undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a compete

9、nt professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.The IES has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. Nor does the IES list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for complianc

10、e with this document. Any certification or statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the IES and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.IES LM-9-09Prepared by the Subcommittee on Photometry of Light Sources of the IES

11、 Testing Procedures CommitteeSubcommittee on Photometry of Light SourcesMark Sapcoe, ChairL.M. Ayers M. KotrebaiR. S. Bergman K. K. KruegerE. Bretschneider* R. Low*R. O. Daubach* J. P. MarellaK. J. Dowling* D. C. Mertz*S. D. Ellersick* G. McKeeD. J. Ellis C. C. MillerM. Huang* Y. OhnoTesting Procedu

12、res CommitteeMichael Grather, ChairC. K. Andersen J. Hospodarsky* B. MosherD. V. Andreyev* J. Jiao* W. A. NewlandJ. B. Arens M. A. Kalkas Y. Ohno*L. M. Ayers D. Karambelas D. W. Parkansky*W. E. Beakes M. Kotrebai D. N. RandolphR. C. Berger K. K. Krueger D. RectorR. P. Bergin* B. Kuebler* M. B. Sapco

13、eR. S. Bergman E. Ladouceur* D. C. Smith*J. R. Cyre* J. Lawton* R. C. Speck*R. C. Dahl* L. E. Leetzow* L. Stafford*R. O. Daubach* K. C. Lerbs* G. A. SteinbergK. J. Dowling R. E. Levin* N. Stuffer*D. Ellis I. Lewin T. G. Yahraus*A. M. Foy* R. Low* J. X. ZhangP. J. Franck* J. P. MarellaR. V. Heinisch

14、G. McKeeT. T. Hernandez* S. W. McKnight* R. E. Horan D. C. Mertz* * Advisory MemberD.E. Husby* C. C. Miller * Honorary MemberIES LM-9-09ContentsForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15、 . . . . . . . 1Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 Nomenclature and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 Ambient and Physical Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 Ambient Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 Air Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0 Electrical Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 Waveshape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 Voltage Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3 Power Source Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 Ballast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 Circuits and Lamp Connections . . . . . . . . . .

22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.5.1 Measurement Circuit Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.5.2 Preheat Start Lamps (Line Frequency) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.5.3 Preheat Start Lamps (High Frequency) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.5.4 Instant Start Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . . . . . . . . 35.5.5 Rapid Start Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.5.6 Cathode Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.0 L

25、amp Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 Lamp Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、. 56.2 Lamp Stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2.1 Seasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、 . 56.2.2 Pre-Burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2.3 Determination of Stabilization Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.2.4 Lamp Cir

28、cuit Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 Use of the “Peak Lumen” Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 Unusual Conditions . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.5 Electrical Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.6 Electrical Instrumentation .

30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.6.1 Instrument Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.6.2 Impedance Limitations . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 Photometric Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.1 Measurements with Photo-Detectors . . . . . . . .

32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 Measurements with Spectral Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.3 Normal Intensity (Candela) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.4 Intensity (Candela) Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.5 Integrating Sphere Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.6 Color Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.0 Test Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Informative Reference List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Informative Annex Photometric Measurements of Lamps Using the Fixed Current Method

36、 . . . . . . . . 111IES LM-9-09FOREWORDThis Approved Method is a revision of IESNA LM-9-99, IESNA Approved Method for the Electrical and Photometric Measurement of Fluorescent Lamps. In addition to linear fluorescent lamps this Method cov-ers all U- and circular-shaped fluorescent lamps. Significant

37、 changes have been made to update infor-mation, to give clearer guidelines for test requirements and to promote uniformity in measurement procedure.INTRODUCTIONThe fluorescent lamp is an electric discharge source in which light is produced predominantly by fluores-cent powders activated by ultraviol

38、et energy gener-ated by a mercury arc. Like most electric discharge lamps, fluorescent lamps must be operated either in series with a current limiting device or from an elec-tronic circuit. This device, commonly called electro-magnetic or electronic ballast, limits the arc current to the value for w

39、hich each lamp type is designed. The ballast in conjunction with the appropriate power source provides the required starting and operating lamp voltages. These methods are applicable to lamps having hot cathodes and to lamps of the cold cathode variety.For special purposes, it may be desirable to de

40、ter-mine the characteristics of lamps when they are operated at other than the standard conditions described in this Approved Method. Where this is done, such results are meaningful only for the partic-ular conditions under which they were obtained and these conditions shall be stated in the test re

41、port.The photometric information usually required is total luminous flux (lumens), luminous intensity (cande-las) in one or more directions, and color. For the purpose of this Approved Method, the determination of these data will be considered photometric mea-surements.The electrical characteristics

42、 usually measured are line voltage, lamp voltage, lamp current, and lamp power. In the case of rapid start lamps, the power measurements may include both the arc watts and the cathode power. Arc watts is the power consumed by the lamp discharge only and is exclusive of any power that may be supplied

43、 to the lamp cathodes from a separate voltage source. Total lamp power will be the sum of arc watts and cathode watts. For the purpose of this Approved Method, the determination of these data will be considered electrical measurements.1.0 SCOPEThis Approved Method describes the procedures to be foll

44、owed and the precautions to be observed in obtaining uniform and reproducible measurements of the electrical and photometric characteristics of fluorescent lamps under standard conditions in 60 Hz, alternating current circuits and under high fre-quency conditions (reference high frequency circuits a

45、re operated at 25 kHz). Single-ended compact fluorescent lamps are covered in LM-661and are excluded from this procedure.2.0 NORMATIVE REFERENCESThe most current versions of: American National Standards Institute, Specification for Fluorescent Lamp Reference Ballasts, ANSI C82.3. New York, NY: ANSI.

46、 American National Standards Institute, Standard Guide for Electrical Measurements of Fluorescent Lamps, ANSI C78.375. New York, NY: ANSI. American National Standards Institute, Standard Guide for Electric Lamps, Double-Capped Fluorescent Lamps - Dimensional and Electrical Characteristics, ANSI C78.

47、81. New York, NY: ANSI. Subcommittee on Photometry of Light Sources of the IES testing Procedures Committee, IESNA Guide to Lamp Seasoning, LM-54. New York, NY: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.3.0 NOMENCLATURE AND DEFINITIONSThe units of electrical measurement used in this approved

48、 method are the volt, the ampere, and the watt (see the IESNA Lighting Handbook, Ninth Edition2). The units of photometric measurement are the lumen and the candela (see ANSI/IESNA RP-16-0518or the IESNA Lighting Handbook2). Color is specified in terms of CIE recommended systems.2, 3The industry-acc

49、epted point for making an initial rat-ing of a discharge lamp occurs after the lamps first 100 hours of operation (ANSI C78.81).The cold chamber or cold spot is the location inside a fluorescent lamp with the lowest operating temper-ature. Both the location and temperature of the cold spot are critical for optimizing lamp performance.2IES LM-9-094.0 AMBIENT AND PhySICAL CONDITIONS4.1 GeneralPhotometric values and electrical characteristics of fluorescent lamps are sensitive to ambient tempera-ture and air movement.4.2 Ambient TemperatureThe ambient temperature shall be measured in