IESNA RP-37-2015 Outdoor Lighting for Airport Environments.pdf

1、IES RP-37-15Outdoor Lighting forAirport EnvironmentsIES RP-37-15 Outdoor Lighting for Airport Environments Publication of this Recommended Practicehas been approved by IES.Suggestions for revisionsshould be directed to IES. IES RP-37-15 Copyright 2015 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North

2、 America.Approved by the IES Board of Directors, November 8, 2015, as a Transaction of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permissi

3、on of the IES.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IES Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IES Office in New York. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors a

4、re noted in this document, please forward them to the IES Technical Director of Standards, at the above address for verification and correction. The IES welcomes and urges feedback and comments. ISBN # 978-0-87995-322-5Printed in the United States of America.DISCLAIMERIES publications are developed

5、through the consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers represent-ing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IES administers the process and establishes pol

6、icies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. The IES disclaims liability for any injury to persons or property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether spec

7、ial, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly result-ing from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document.In issuing and making this document available, the IES is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor

8、is the IES undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent profes-sional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumst

9、ances.The IES has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. Nor does the IES list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or statement of compliance with the require-

10、ments of this document shall not be attributable to the IES and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.IES RP-37-15 Prepared by the Aviation Recommended Practices Subcommittee of the IES Aviation Lighting CommitteeRichard Larivee, Sub-ChairFred M. Loeffler, Vice-Chai

11、rJohn Wujek, SecretaryIES Aviation Lighting CommitteeFrank Barczak, ChairJ. Wujek, Vice-ChairJ. Bogart, TreasurerW. Schai, TreasurerP. Butler, SecretaryE. Alf*A. BajwaR. Booker*B. BoparaiM. BortaF. CassandraF. Du CharmeJ. Ehlers*J. EllertonS. FordD. FoxD. GallagherG. GreenM. HaywoodW. HazeltonF. Kaz

12、ienkoR. LariveeJ. LevraeaF. Loeffler*M. McIverC. MichaelM. MongovenS. Mukherjee*R. Northrup*B. OFlynnD. RaineyD. Rainey*S. Roberts*E. RunyonA. SeiterleM. Tebeau*C. Twibell*J. Vigilante*R. WallsW. YoungE. Alf*C. Johnson*H.C. JohnsonG. LauziereH. McKeeA. SeiterleIrwin Smiley*M. TebeauC. Twibell*Specia

13、l thanks to Lighting Analysts Inc. and Jennifer Brons at the Lighting Research Center. Left cover image courtesy of Heather Johnson, .Right cover image courtesy of Alfred Seiterle* AdvisoryIES RP-37-15 IES RP-37-15 Please refer to the IES Bookstore after you purchase this IES Standard, for possible

14、Errata, Addenda, and Clarifications, www.ies.org/bookstoreContentsForeword.11.0 Introduction 11.1 Purpose .11.2 Scope .22.0 Characteristics Of Airport Areas .22.1 Aprons; Commercial (Air Carrier), General Aviation, Cargo, Hangar .22.1.1 Aircraft Stand 22.1.2 Aircraft Parked Position 42.1.2.1 Passeng

15、er Boarding and Deplanement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.1.2.2 Baggage and Catering Loading and Unloading .52.1.2.3 Cargo Facility Loading and Unloading 52.1.2.4 Other Aircraft Service Operations62.1.2.5 Mechanical Checks and Pre-Flight Inspections .62.1.2.6 F

16、ueling Operations .72.1.3 Aircraft Service Area 72.2 Other Airside Areas72.2.1 De-icing/Anti-icing Facilities .72.2.1.1 De-ice Areas 72.2.1.2 De-ice Storage Facilities and Truck Loading .82.2.2 Fuel Facilities 82.2.3 Ground Services Equipment (GSE) Storage Areas .82.2.4 Engine Run-up / Test Area 82.

17、2.5 Other Facilities .82.3 Landside Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3.1 Departure / Arrival Areas .92.3.2 Walkways from Parking Facility to Terminal102.3.3 Surrounding Road Systems 102.3.4 Signage

18、.102.3.5 Staffed Secure Access Point .112.3.6 Parking 112.4 Tunnel Lighting .122.5 Laser Sensitive Area .122.6 Other Lighting 123.0 Visual Issues 133.1 Control Tower Issues .143.2 Pilot Issues .163.2.1 Approaching the Airport .163.2.2 Rollout 163.2.3 Taxiing 163.2.4 Aircraft Parking16IES RP-37-15 3.

19、3 Pedestrian and Driver Conflicts 173.4 Security 174.0 Design Criteria 184.1 Visibility Concerns 204.1.1 Illuminance .204.1.1.1 Horizontal Illuminance .204.1.1.2 Vertical Illuminance204.1.2 Luminance .204.1.3 Uniformity Ratio .204.1.4 Glare204.1.5 Shadows.214.1.6 Appearance of Space and Luminaires21

20、4.1.7 Color Appearance of Objects .214.1.8 Identification of Faces 214.1.9 Identification of Objects .214.1.10 Height and Position of Poles .21 4.1.11 Security / Safety .214.1.12 Emergency / Standby Power .224.1.13 Use of Specific Task Lighting .224.1.14 Pavement Classification.224.1.15 Light Loss F

21、actors .224.2 Aviation Special Conditions224.2.1 Lighting in the Vicinity of an Airport 224.2.2 Glare Control .234.2.3 Glare at Tower 234.2.4 Glare at Aircraft .244.2.4.1 Moving Aircraft .244.2.4.2 Parked Aircraft .244.3 Aprons - Commercial (air carrier), General Aviation, Cargo, Hangar 244.3.1 Airc

22、raft Stand .274.3.2 Passenger Boarding and Deplanement .284.3.3 Baggage and Catering Loading and Unloading.294.3.4 Cargo Facility Loading and Unloading 294.3.5 Other Aircraft Service Operations .294.3.6 Mechanical Checks and Pre-Flight Inspections .294.3.7 Fueling Operations.294.4 Other Airside Area

23、s.294.4.1 De-icing / Anti-Icing Facilities .294.4.1.1 De-icing Areas .304.4.1.2 De-ice Storage Facility and Truck Loading304.4.2 Fuel Facilities .30 4.4.3 Ground Service Equipment (GSE) Storage Areas.304.4.4 Engine Run-up / Test Area .304.4.5 Other Facilities 31IES RP-37-15 4.5 Landside Areas . . .

24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.5.1 Departure / Arrival Areas 314.5.2 Walkways from Parking Facility to Terminal314.5.3 Surrounding Roadways .314.5.4 Signage .314.5.5 Staffed Secure Access Point .314.5.6 Parkin

25、g Areas.324.6 Tunnel334.7 Other Lighting .335.0 Essential Safety And Security Lighting.335.1 Exit lighting - To the Apron Area from the Building346.0 Environmental Conditions .346.1 Light Pollution and Light Trespass346.2 Boundary Limits Concepts 346.2.1 Lighting Ordinances 366.2.2 Outdoor Site-Ligh

26、ting Performance (OSP).366.2.3 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) 376.3 Ecological Aspect 376.4 Sustainable Development .37Annex A Luminance and Illuminance Values for Roadway Lighting38Annex B Field Measurements and Performance Evaluations of Apron Lighting39Annex C Maintenance Co

27、nsiderations 42Annex D Lighting Equipment43Annex E Economics .46Annex F Aviation Glossary46Annex G References .50Annex H Additional Suggested Reading 52Annex I General Lighting Terms .53IES RP-37-15 1IES RP-37-15 FOREWORDIn 1987, the IESALC (IES Aviation Lighting Committee) published IESNA-RP-14-198

28、7 IES Recommended Practice for Airport Service Area Lighting1in an effort to address the specific areas and needs of airport service areas. Professional and governmental authorities have expended con-siderable effort in analyzing and solving problems relating to airport approach, runway and taxiway

29、lighting. Little had been done, however, to solve the problems unique to the airport service area.By studying the activities taking place, the IESALC recognized that the lack of proper lighting on the aprons could be costly and dangerous. The RP was written according to internationally recognized st

30、andards, so any new or improved airport facili-ties could follow good lighting practices.In the same year, the IES published IESNA-RP-17-87 IES Recommended Practice for Airport Road Automobile Parking Area Lighting,2an update to the previous IESNA-RP-17-1968. That document recognized that the airpor

31、t environ-ment required special considerations to eliminate or minimize the production of glare that would interfere with control tower operators and incom-ing pilots. It was intended to supplement other IES publications that deal with lighting in outdoor environments.Now there is much more informat

32、ion available on these subjects. International, national and local authorities have developed standards and practic-es that address certain areas or concerns. Newer software capabilities make calculations quicker and easier. New technology and products have come to market. Perhaps most importantly,

33、more people are traveling, and need to be protected from accidents that could occur in a poorly lighted environment.IES RP-37-15 Outdoor Lighting for Airport Environments is a guide for the planning and design of lighting systems in the airport outdoor environment. It does not address approach, run-

34、way and taxiway lights that are specified by other authorities. It combines the previous two IES Recommended Practices with more in-depth descriptions of equipment and activities found in various areas, while defining the particular challenges and offering solutions. The IESALC believes it is provid

35、ing a valuable tool for planners, designers, airport management and workers so the public can travel in a safe and efficient airport environment.1.0 INTRODUCTIONThis IES Recommended Practice (RP) has been prepared as a guide for the application of fixed out-door lighting in and around the airport en

36、vironment with respect to the airports special requirements. These requirements include (but are not limited to):1. Height restrictions (such as obstructions affecting navigable airspace) as defined by the governing civil aviation authorities2. The ability to distinguish color of light for visual cu

37、es3. Light trespass that may interfere with visibility of Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) controllers or pilotsThe air traffic controllers need to see approaching aircraft and aircraft performing ground operations within the “aircraft movement area” without glare or direct or indirect light trespas

38、s. Pilots also need the ability to detect runway lighting without glare or direct or indirect light trespass. IES RP-37-15 provides guidance for dealing with the preceding considerations, while being cognizant to provide an adequate and safe lighted environment for aircraft servicing, pedestrian and

39、 vehicular move-ment in and around the airport environment.This document is not intended to supersede any civil aviation regulations, government regulations, occupational safety and health requirements or the authority having jurisdiction. Other IES standards provide recommended prac-tices and desig

40、n guidelines for specific outdoor light-ing applications. This document is not intended to supersede these other applicable IES RPs; rather it is intended to supplement them to meet the specific needs of the airport environment. IES RP-37-15 is to be used in conjunction with appropriate energy codes

41、 and environmental sus-tainable design practices in use for the facility. Recommendations within the appropriate sections are included for basic information to provide guid-ance of key issues for consideration.1.1 PurposeThe purpose of this recommended practice is:1. Airside - Provide for adequately

42、 lighted areas where parked aircraft are safely serviced; aircraft 2IES RP-37-15 crew and passengers safely board and deplane, and where cargo operations are conducted;2. Landside - Provide for adequately lighted access roads and parking areas for safety and security of pedestrians and vehicles;3. A

43、djacent Development - Provide guidance for lighting in the vicinity of the airport (including areas outside the airport property line), while also taking into account the special needs of the airport environment, such as height restrictions and potential light interference with air traffic controlle

44、r and/or pilot vision.1.2 ScopeThe scope of outdoor lighting in the airport environ-ment includes aircraft stands and apron areas, road-ways, vehicular parking facilities, passenger loading and unloading areas as well as pedestrian walkways. The recommendations included in IES RP-37-15 provide guida

45、nce for lighting of these areas while emphasizing the restrictions, regulations, and best practices for the safe movement of aircraft.IES RP-37-15 does not provide guidance for Aeronautical Ground Lighting systems, such as Runway, Taxiway and Approach Lighting, and is not intended to be used for lig

46、hting designs for Heliports (refer to Annex F - Glossary).2.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRPORT AREASThe characteristics of airport areas constitute general descriptions of areas that could be found on or adja-cent to an airport. The areas defined are identified by the activities that require illumination.

47、 Figure 1 shows various infrastructures and facilities inside the premises of the airport and in the surrounding area.2.1 Aprons; Commercial (Air Carrier), General Aviation, Cargo, HangarIn general, the apron comprises the area used for aircraft parking and aircraft support and servicing operations.

48、 Aircraft taxi on the apron as they arrive, and then depart from the aircraft stand. Verification of credentials and ID badges is required in this area. These areas have very heavy traffic and are con-gested with both personnel and equipment.The four types of aprons are defined below:1. Commercial A

49、prons - Primarily used by scheduled air carriers for the following: park aircraft, boarding and deplaning passengers, loading and unloading luggage, fueling the aircraft and vehicles servicing the aircraft. Refer to Figure 2 for a general overview of a commercial apron.2. General Aviation Aprons - Typically used by private, business and charter aircraft for the following: parking aircraft, boarding and deplaning passengers, loading and unloading luggage and fueling aircraft. 3. Cargo Aprons - Used to park cargo aircraft, load and unload cargo and fuel