IESNA RP-8-2014 Roadway Lighting.pdf

1、ANSI/IES RP-8-14Roadway LightingANSI/IES RP-8-14Roadway LightingPublication of this Recommended Practice has been approved by the IES. Suggestions for revisions should be directed to the IES.ANSI/IES RP-8-14Copyright 2014 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IES B

2、oard of Directors, June 26, 2014, as a Transaction of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the IES.Published by the Il

3、luminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IES Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IES Office in New York. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, please

4、 for-ward them to Rita Harrold, Director of Technology, at the above address for verification and correction. The IES welcomes and urges feedback and comments. Printed in the United States of America.ISBN # 978-0-87995-299-0DISCLAIMERIES publications are developed through the consensus standards dev

5、elopment process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers represent-ing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IES administers the process and establishes policies and procedures to promote fai

6、rness in the development of consensus, it makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.The IES disclaims liability for any injury to persons or property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or comp

7、ensatory, directly or indirectly result-ing from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document.In issuing and making this document available, the IES is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IES undertaking to perform an

8、y duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.The IES has no power, nor does

9、it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. Nor does the IES list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or statement of compliance with the require-ments of this document shall not be a

10、ttributable to the IES and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.ANSI/IES RP-8-14IES Roadway Lighting Committee MembersIES Standard Practice SubcommitteeRick Kauffman Sub ChairEd Kramer Vice ChairLeora Radetsky SecretaryM. AitkenheadC. AndersenJ. ArmstrongM. Baginsk

11、i*S. Bankston*J. Bastianpillai*J. BloomfieldR. BradfordM. BucciJ. BuraczynskiK. BurkettB. Chau*G. Chelvanayagam*A. ChengV. CiminoR. ClearS. Coyle*J. DegnanG. Engstrom*G. EslingerT. FenimoreM. Field*J. Frazer*B. Fugerer*J. Garcia*R. GibbonsR. GuptaS. Harder*J. HartR. HarveyG. HauserJ. Havard*W. Hughe

12、sM. JanoffJ. JiaoG. Jobe*R. JonesJ. Josefowicz*H. Kashani*D. KeithC. Kerschner*C. Kwong*M. Lambert*R. Larivee*C. Leone*I. LewinG. Lister*P. Lutkevich*D. Maikowski*M. MaltezosM. Mayer*W. McDonald*S. McKnightJ. MickelK. Min*P. MitchellK. Molloy*E. MorelJ. Mugivan*R. NallE. NgH. OdleD. OkonM. PatelD. P

13、aulin*M. PearseE. PhillipsP. PhillipsC-A. Poirier*P. ReedM. Riebling*J. RobinsonN. Rockey*P. SabauM. Santiago*N. SchieweM. Seppelt*J. Simmers*W. SmelserL. SmithM. Smolyansky*M. StevensF. Stohl*G. Thiesse*N. Trebilcock*J. Tuenge*P. Vandemotter*A. Weaver*J. Weaver*S. WentworthM. Wilbur*R. Wyton*R. Yea

14、gerM. Zukerman*Advisory* HonoraryANSI/IES RP-8-14IES Roadway Lighting Committee MembersA. Silbiger ChairW. Smelser Vice ChairJ. Bloomfield SecretaryM. AitkenheadB. AnanthanarayananC. AndersenJ. ArmstrongM. Baginski*J. BastianpillaiP. Batchelor*D. BaumR. Bradford*J. Brown*M. BucciD. Bueno*K. BurkettC

15、. ChadwickG. ChelvanayagamJ. Cheung*V. CiminoR. ClearS. CoyleC. Craig*D. Crawford*M. CunninghamJ. DaCosta*J. Degnan*C. Dibley*S. Dillon*N. DittmannM. DudasA. Duma*G. Engstrom*K. Fitzmaurice*J. FrazerM. Gabriel*R. GibbonsR. GuptaJ. HartR. HarveyJ. Havard*W. Hughes*D. Husby*M. Janoff*J. Jewell*J. Jiao

16、R. JonesH. Kashani*R. KauffmanD. KeithC. Kerschner*E. KramerC. KwongS. LansfordR. Larivee*G. Lauziere*L. LeetzowO. LetamendiR. LeVere*I. LewinG. ListerL. Livingston*T. Lohman*X. Lou*P. Lutkevich*L. Lutley*E. MacGill*D. Maikowski*M. MaltezosM. MayerJ. McCormick*S. McKnight*D. McLean*J. Meyers*J. Mick

17、el*P. MitchellK. MolloyD. MonahanE. MorelJ. OConnor*H. Odle*D. Okon*D. PaulinM. Pearse*C. Pekar*C. Poirier*L. RadetskyR. RainerM. Riebling*O. Rivera*J. Robinson*P. SabauM. Seppelt*B. Shelby*J. Simmers*L. SmithM. SmolyanskyJ. Snowden*R. StemprokM. Stevens*F. StohlL. Tebow*M. TedescoG. Thiesse*U. Thur

18、airajah*J. WeaverS. WegnerS. WentworthE. Yao*R. Yeager*Advisory* HonoraryThis standard practice is dedicated to the memory of Richard E. Stark whose contributions to the committee and society are greatly appreciated.Cover: Ringling Bridge, Sarasota, FLImage by Edward J. Kramer, EJKramer Consulting,

19、LLC.eANSI/IES RP-8-14AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDApproval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria have been met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Sta

20、ndards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward

21、 their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to t

22、he standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation to any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue and interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of t

23、he American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards

24、 Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.fANSI/

25、IES RP-8-14ANSI/IES RP-8-14ContentsForeword .11.0 Introduction.11.1 Purpose of this Standard Practice .11.2 Purpose of Roadway and Street Lighting .11.3 Roadway Lighting and Street Lighting21.4 Related Documents22.0 Classifications and Definitions.32.1 Roadway, Pedestrian Walkway, and Bikeway Classi

26、fications .32.2 Pedestrian Conflict Area Classifications 42.3 Pavement Classifications.42.4 Luminaire Classification System (LCS) .53.0 Design Considerations .63.1 Design Issues 63.2 Appearance and Scale .63.3 Visual Task .63.4 Integration with Non-Lighting Elements 63.5 Vertical Surface Illuminatio

27、n 73.6 Glare and Sky-Glow Issues .73.7 Impact of Headlights.83.8 Impact of Trees on Lighting .83.9 Spectral Considerations84.0 Lighting Recommendations 114.1 Roadway Lighting 124.2 Street Lighting .124.2.1 Pedestrian Areas and Bikeways 125.0 Other Areas and Considerations 145.1 Intersections 145.1.1

28、 Classification .145.1.2 Vehicular Traffic Volumes and Conflicts.145.1.3 Recommended Illuminance for Intersections 155.2 High Mast Lighting .155.2.1 Introduction.155.2.2 Benefits155.2.3 Design Considerations165.2.4 Calculations 165.2.5 Environmental Impacts .165.2.6 Economics .175.3 Crosswalks175.4

29、Adaptive Lighting 185.5 Transition Lighting .18ANSI/IES RP-8-145.6. Grade Intersections.185.6.1 General185.7 Isolated intersections and interchanges (Partial Lighting) 195.7.1 Determination of the Lighting Need195.7.2 Lighting Levels 195.7.3 Beacon Lighting .205.7.4 Intersections of High Speed, High

30、 Traffic Density, Roadways .205.8 Curves and Steep Grades .205.8.1 General205.8.2 Luminaire/Pole Location 205.8.3 Luminaire Orientation Curves.215.8.4 Luminaire Orientation Steep Grades .215.9 Underpasses and Overpasses .215.9.1 Terms .215.9.2 Underpasses .215.9.2.1 General 215.9.2.2 Nighttime Light

31、ing 215.9.2.3 Daytime Lighting .215.9.2.4 Special Conditions .215.9.2.5 Equipment 215.9.3 Overpasses and Bridges 225.10 Railroad Grade Crossings .225.10.1 Conditions .225.10.2 Determination of Railroad Grade Crossing Lighting.225.10.3 Calculations 225.10.4 Light Sources and Controls 235.10.5 Pole /

32、Luminaire Placement235.11 Trees adjacent to Roadways .235.11.1 General235.11.2 Design Considerations235.11.3 Design Data 245.12 Roundabouts 245.12.1 General245.12.2 Design Considerations255.13 Toll Plazas 255.13.1 Introduction.255.13.2 Types of Toll Plazas 255.13.3 Recommendations.265.13.3.1 Luminai

33、re Placement .265.13.3.2 Controls 27Annex A Calculation and Measurements.27Annex B Glare .37Annex C Glossary 39Annex D References 44Annex E Classification of Luminaire Light Distribution 461ANSI/IES RP-8-14FOREWORD(This Foreword is not part of the American National Standard Practice for Roadway Ligh

34、ting, ANSI/IES RP-8-2014, but is included for informational pur-poses only.)During the 85-year existence of the IES Committee on Roadway Lighting, the night use of public ways has grown greatly. Traffic has changed in speed and density. Studies have established a substantial relationship between goo

35、d fixed lighting and traffic safety. In addition, understanding of the principles of good lighting has advanced. The following earlier publications of the committee reflect progress of the roadway lighting technique through the years. Principles of Streetlighting 1928 Code of Streetlighting 1930 Cod

36、e of Streetlighting 1935 Code of Streetlighting 1937 Recommended Practice of Streetlighting 1940 Recommended Practice of Street and Highway Lighting 1945 American Standard Practice for Street and Highway Lighting 1947 American Standard Practice for Street and Highway Lighting 1953 American Standard

37、Practice for Roadway Lighting 1963 American Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting 1972 American Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting 1977 American Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting 1983 American Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting (reaffirmed) 1993 American Standard Practice for Roadway L

38、ighting (reaffirmed 2005) 2000The present Practice has evolved from these earlier documents, and considers the latest research, interna-tional standards, experience, and equipment technology.An American National Standard represents the consensus of all groups having an essential interest in the prov

39、isions of the Standard Practice. The IES, as a sponsor, must have the viewpoints of groups interested in roadway lighting represented on the Roadway Lighting Committee.1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 Purpose of this Standard PracticeThe primary purpose of this Standard Practice is to serve as the basis for desi

40、gn of fixed lighting for roadways, streets, adjacent bikeways, and pedes-trian ways. The Standard Practice deals entirely with lighting design and does not give advice on construction. Its primary purpose is to provide rec-ommended practices for designing new continuous lighting systems for roadways

41、 and streets. It is not intended to be applied to existing lighting systems until such systems are completely redesigned. It has been prepared to advance the art, science, and prac-tice of roadway and street lighting in North America. Roadway and street lighting includes pedestrian and bikeway light

42、ing when it is associated with the public right-of-way.In those circumstances where there is any doubt as to whether the provision of new or updated roadway lighting would provide a benefit at a particular location, a decision should be made based on a study of local conditions. Once a decision has

43、been made to provide lighting, this publication provides the basis for design-ing an appropriate system. The AASHTO Lighting Design Guide provides guidance for warranting.1.2 Purpose of Roadway and Street LightingThe principal purpose of roadway and street lighting is to allow accurate and comfortab

44、le visibility at night of possible hazards in sufficient time to allow appro-priate action. For a pedestrian, this can mean better visibility of the surrounds and the sidewalk, while for the driver of a motor vehicle, it will mean time to stop or to maneuver around an obstacle. Good lighting has bee

45、n shown to significantly reduce the night pro-portion of accidents; especially on urban freeways and on major streets. For most streets and side-walks, good lighting has been reported to increase the feeling of personal security of pedestrians.The benefits of lighting should be considered against th

46、e drawbacks; engineering, capital and mainte-nance costs, energy use, appearance-particularly of overhead wires, but sometimes also of poles-the added fixed object hazard of poles, plus spill light on adjacent residential or commercial (i.e., outdoor din-ing) property and into the sky (affecting ast

47、ronomi-cal observations). Thus, lighting is good when it is economical in equipment, energy and maintenance costs, and meets a proven or reasonably predict-able need, with a minimum of adverse effect. This Practice has been developed to provide guidance to experienced engineers in designing such lig

48、hting.2ANSI/IES RP-8-141.3 Roadway Lighting and Street LightingTwo different types of roadway lighting systems are defined in this recommended practice - roadway lighting and street lighting.Roadway lighting is provided for freeways, express-ways, limited access roadways, and roads on which pedestri

49、ans, cyclists, and parked vehicles are gener-ally not present. The primary purpose of roadway lighting is to help the motorist remain on the roadway and help with the detection of obstacles within and beyond the range of the vehicles headlights.Street lighting is provided for major, collector, and local roads were pedestrians and cyclists are generally present. The primary purpose of street lighting is to help the motorist identify obstacles, provide adequate visibility of pedestrians and cyclists, and assist in visual search tasks, both on