1、 Recommendation ITU-R M.2084-0 (09/2015) Radio interface standards of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications for Intelligent Transport System applications M Series Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services ii Rec. ITU-R M.2084-0 Foreword The role of
2、the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted.
3、 The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Poli
4、cy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy f
5、or ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting se
6、rvice (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordi
7、nation between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1.
8、 Electronic Publication Geneva, 2015 ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R M.2084-0 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.2084-0 Radio interface standards of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastruct
9、ure communications for Intelligent Transport System applications (Question ITU-R 205-5/5) (2015) Scope This Recommendation identifies specific radio interface standards of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications for Intelligent Transport System applications. The technical and
10、 operational characteristics described in this Recommendation are based on current and existing frequency bands already in use for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and the applications in the mobile service. Keywords ITS, vehicle-to-vehicle communications, vehicle-to-infrastructure communications
11、 Acronyms and abbreviations ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses ATS Abstract Test Suite BPSK Binary phase shift keying CEN European Committee for Standardization (Comit europen de normalisation) CSMA/CA Carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance DCC Decentralized Congestion Co
12、ntrol DSRC Dedicated short range communications EFC Electronic Fee Collection ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute FEC Forward error correction IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ITS Intelligent Transport Systems OFDM Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing PIC
13、S Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement PIXIT Protocol Implementation eXtra Information for Testing QAM Quadrature amplitude modulation QPSK Quadrature phase shift keying TSS b) that using the ITU-R Recommendation identifying these standards, manufacturers and operators should be able to det
14、ermine the most suitable standards for their needs, noting Recommendation ITU-R M.1453, which recommends dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) operating at 5.8 GHz, recommends that the radio interface standards in Annexes 1 to 4 should be used for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructu
15、re communications. NOTE The technical characteristics of these standards are summarized in Annex 5. Annex 1 ETSI standards ETSI Standards developed for the access and media layer are based on features such as: 5.9 GHz spectrum usage; multichannel operation; decentralized congestion control (DCC); co
16、existence of ITS and EFC (using CEN DSRC) applications in the 5.8 GHz and 5.9 GHz bands. Rec. ITU-R M.2084-0 3 TABLE 1 Base standards for the access and media layer Standard title Standard number Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Radiocommunications equipment operating in the 5 855 MHz to 5 925 M
17、Hz frequency band; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R Access layer specification for Intelligent Transport Systems operating in the 5 GHz frequency band ETSI EN 302 663 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Decentralized Congestion Control Mechanisms for Intelli
18、gent Transport Systems operating in the 5 GHz range; Access layer part ETSI TS 102 687 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Mitigation techniques to avoid interference between European CEN Dedicated Short-Range Communication (CEN DSRC) equipment and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) operating in t
19、he 5 GHz frequency range ETSI TS 102 792 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Harmonized Channel Specifications for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) operating in the 5 GHz frequency band ETSI TS 102 724 TABLE 2 Testing standards for the access and media layer Testing Standard title Standard numbe
20、r Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Test specifications for the channel congestion control algorithms operating in the 5.9 GHz range; Part 1: Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) ETSI TS 102 917-1 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Test specifications for the channel congestion
21、control algorithms operating in the 5.9 GHz range; Part 2: Test Suite Structure and Test Purposes (TSS Test specifications for the channel congestion control algorithms operating in the 5.9 GHz range; Part 3: Abstract Test Suite (ATS) and partial Protocol Implementation eXtra Information for Testing
22、 (PIXIT) ETSI TS 102 917-3 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Test specifications for the methods to ensure coexistence of Cooperative ITS G5 with RTTT DSRC; Part 1: Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) ETSI TS 102 916-1 4 Rec. ITU-R M.2084-0 TABLE 2 (end) Testing Standard title St
23、andard number Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Test specifications for the methods to ensure coexistence of Cooperative ITS G5 with RTTT DSRC; Part 2: Test Suite Structure and Test Purposes (TSS Test specifications for the methods to ensure coexistence of Cooperative ITS G5 with RTTT DSRC; Part
24、3: Abstract Test Suite (ATS) and partial Protocol Implementation eXtra Information for Testing (PIXIT) ETSI TS 102 916-3 Annex 2 IEEE standards IEEE Standards developed for the access and media layer are based on features such as: 5.9 GHz spectrum usage; multichannel operation; coexistence of ITS an
25、d other services in the 5 850-5 925 MHz band. The ITS program is managed by the United States Federal Highway Administration Joint Program Office for ITS. The requirement for use of multi-channel wireless communications is based on IEEE Std 802.11p-2010 IEEE Standard for Information technology Local
26、 and metropolitan area networks Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 6: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments, originally developed as an amendment to IEEE 802.11-2007 that has been incorporated into the revisio
27、n of IEEE 802.11-2012 IEEE Standard for Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. The upper layer protocols a
28、nd services requirements are described the IEEE 1609 family of standards that use IEEE Std 802.11. Standardization of the upper layer protocols and services support the vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication requirements of the National ITS Architecture and the Joint Program Office
29、 initiatives. Benefits for the ITS program in enabling wireless communications is for vehicle operators, dispatch centres, traffic management centres, emergency response centres, route guidance, safety and amber alerts, and response to traveller emergencies, traceable to the National ITS Architectur
30、e. The published IEEE Std 802.11-2012 is available for free download at the IEEE Get program: http:/standards.ieee.org/about/get/802/802.11.html A list of the IEEE 1609 family of standards is as follows: IEEE 1609.0-2013 IEEE Guide for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Architecture Re
31、c. ITU-R M.2084-0 5 IEEE 1609.2-2013 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments Security Services for Applications and Management Messages IEEE 1609.3-2010 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Networking Services IEEE 1609.3-2010/Cor 1-2012 IEEE Standar
32、d for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Networking Services Corrigendum 1: Miscellaneous Corrections IEEE 1609.3-2010/Cor 2-2014 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Networking Services Corrigendum 2: Correct identified errors IEEE 1609.4-2010 IEEE Standa
33、rd for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Multi-channel Operation IEEE 1609.4-2010/Cor 1-2014 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Multi-channel Operation Corrigendum 1: Correct identified errors IEEE 1609.11-2010 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehic
34、ular Environments (WAVE) Over-the-Air Electronic Payment Data Exchange Protocol for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) IEEE 1609.12-2012 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Identifier Allocations Annex 3 ARIB standard In Japan, for the use of the safe driving sup
35、port systems, a part of the 700 MHz band (755.5-764.5 MHz) has been assigned in a new spectrum allocation on a primary basis in the digital dividend band. The technical characteristics of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications for safe driving support systems are shown in Ta
36、ble 3. TABLE 3 Characteristics of the transmission scheme Item Technical characteristic Operating frequency range 755.5-764.5 MHz (Single channel) Occupied bandwidth Less than 9 MHz Modulation scheme BPSK OFDM, QPSK OFDM, 16QAM OFDM Forward error correction Convolutional coding, rate = 1/2, 3/4 Data
37、 transmission rate 3 Mbit/s, 4.5 Mbit/s, 6 Mbit/s, 9 Mbit/s, 12 Mbit/s, 18 Mbit/s Media access control CSMA/CA 6 Rec. ITU-R M.2084-0 Table 3 shows basic specifications of ARIB standard; ARIB STD-T1091, 700 MHz band Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) which have been developed in February 2012. A 9 M
38、Hz channel width in the 700 MHz radio frequency band will be used for the safe driving support systems. Data transmission rate is variable based on the selection of modulation scheme and coding rate (R) as follows: 3 Mbit/s (BPSK OFDM, R = 1/2), 4.5 Mbit/s (BPSK OFDM, R = 3/4); 6 Mbit/s (QPSK OFDM/,
39、 R = 1/2), 9 Mbit/s (QPSK OFDM, R = 3/4); 12 Mbit/s (16QAM OFDM, R = 1/2), 18 Mbit/s (16QAM OFDM, R = 3/4). The single channel accommodates both vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications based on CSMA/CA media access control. Annex 4 TTA standards 1 Technical characteristics Th
40、e advanced Intelligent Transport System radiocommunications have to consider the described V2V/V2I communications and its service requirements and WAVE standards for international harmonization. In V2V applications, it is required to consider the low packet latency because the life-saving time of sa
41、fety message is useful in the span of 100 ms. Also it requires a highly activated radio channel when many vehicles try to activate radio channel simultaneously. In V2I applications, it needs to adopt the long packet transmission which includes a short message, map information and image information t
42、o be order of 2 Kbytes in a packet size in high mobility condition. Thus the advanced Intelligent Transport System radiocommunications have the following features as shown in Table 4. TABLE 4 Technical characteristics Item Technical characteristic RF frequency 5 855-5 925 MHz (Pilot system) RF chann
43、el bandwidth 10 MHz RF Transmit power 23 dBm Modulation type OFDM (BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, Option: 64QAM) Data rate 3, 4.5, 6, 9, 12, 18 Mbit/s, Option: 24, 27 Mbit/s MAC CSMA/CA, Option: Time Slot based CSMA/CA 1 ARIB standard; ARIB STD-T109, 700MHz band intelligent transport systems (http:/www.arib.or.
44、jp/english/html/overview/doc/5-STD-T109v1_2-E1.pdf). Rec. ITU-R M.2084-0 7 TABLE 4 (end) Item Technical characteristic Networking IPv4/IPv6, VMP(WSMP compatible) Multi-hop Location information based routing 2 TTA Standards related to advanced Intelligent Transport System radiocommunications In the R
45、epublic of Korea, Telecommunication Technology Association (TTA) established four standards for advanced Intelligent Transport System radiocommunications. The detailed information of these standards is shown in Table 5. TABLE 5 Base standards related to advanced Intelligent Transport System radiocom
46、munications Standard title Standard number Vehicle communication system Stage 1: Requirements TTAK.KO-06.0175/R1 Vehicle communication system Stage 2: Architecture TTAK.KO-06.0193/R1 Vehicle communication system Stage 3: PHY/MAC TTAK.KO-06.0216/R1 Vehicle communication system State 3: Networking TTA
47、K.KO-06.0234/R1 Annex 5 Summary of the technical characteristics of the standards Technical characteristics of each standard are shown in Table 6. TABLE 6 Technical characteristics Parameter ETSI (Annex 1) IEEE (Annex 2) ARIB (Annex 3) TTA (Annex 4) Operating frequency range 5 855-5 925 MHz 5 850-5
48、925 MHz 755.5-764.5 MHz (Single channel) 5 855-5 925 MHz (Pilot system) RF channel bandwidth 10 MHz 10 MHz or 20 MHz Less than 9 MHz Less than 10 MHz RF Transmit Power/EIRP Max 33 dBm EIRP 23 dBm RF transmit power density 10 dBm/MHz 8 Rec. ITU-R M.2084-0 TABLE 6 (end) Parameter ETSI (Annex 1) IEEE (
49、Annex 2) ARIB (Annex 3) TTA (Annex 4) Modulation scheme BPSK OFDM, QPSK OFDM, 16QAM OFDM, 64QAM OFDM 64-QAM-OFDM 16-QAM-OFDM QPSK-OFDM BPSK-OFDM 52 subcarriers BPSK OFDM, QPSK OFDM, 16QAM OFDM BPSK OFDM, QPSK OFDM, 16QAM OFDM, Option: 64QAM Forward error correction Convolutional coding, rate = 1/2, 3/4, 2/3 Convolutional coding, rate = 1/2, 3/4 Convolutional coding, rate = 1/2, 3/4 Convolutional coding, rate = 1/2, 3/4 Data transmission rate 3 Mbit/s, 4.5 Mbit/s, 6 Mbit/s, 9 Mbit/s, 12 Mbit/s, 18
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