1、 SECTION 1B ITU-R RECMN*SM* SERIES 75 4855232 052b740 440 Rec. ITU-R SM.1049-1 15 PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES FOR SPECTRUM PLANNING, AND SHARING AND UTILIZATION RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SM.1049-1 A METHOD OF SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT TO BE USED FOR AIDING FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT FOR TERRESTRIAL SERVICES IN BORDER
2、AREAS (Question ITU-R 47/1) ( 1994- 1995) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering that frequency coordination is necessary in border areas; that there is a need to establish guidelines for frequency sharing in border areas; that if administrations develop effective bilateral or multilateral
3、 agreements on frequency use in border areas a b) c this will aid long-term strategic planning, promote efficient spectrum utilisation and help avoid interference; d) enable an efficient accomplishment of the coordination process; e) that the establishment of a mechanism for updating and exchanging
4、appropriate information is required to that coordination methods may vary depending on the services and frequency bands involved, recommends 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 agreement applies; 1.3.1 the following definitions apply: - - 1.3.2 requirements for the concerned radio service; 1.3.3 should consider the optio
5、ns listed in Annex 1 and examples shown in Annex 2. that neighbouring administrations establish coordination agreements which should include: the exchange of appropriate spectrum management data from a national database; a means of resolving instances of unexpected harmful interference; procedural m
6、echanisms such as the establishment of a Coordination zone, within which the coordination Coordination zone: the area along the border in which a coordination agreement applies; Coordination perimeter: a line establishing the agreed limit of the Coordination zone, the methods of determining the Coor
7、dination perimeter are based on typical technical and operational in reaching any bilateral or multilateral agreements on the creation of a Coordination zone administrations ANNEX 1 The following steps provide a guideline for administrations considering entering into a bilateral or multilateral agre
8、ement for the establishment of a Coordination zone. In developing any agreement administrations should determine the appropriate method of implementation. NOTE 1 - The terms “database” and “model” used in this Annex do not necessarily refer to computer based systems. ITU-R RECMNaSN. SERIES 95 = 4855
9、2112 0526741 387 16 Rec. ITU-R SM.1049-1 1 Agreements for establishing the Coordination zone 1.1 The depth of detail and the items included in bilateral or multilateral agreements for establishing a Coordination zone will depend upon the requirements of the individual administrations. Agreements sho
10、uld however cover both the administrative and the technical arrangements and may include standardisation of technical and operational parameters. Agreements may include components such as: - - authorized bandwidth of service, frequency range(s) to be covered in the agreement, - modulation system, -
11、effective antenna height, - - limiting the service area of transmitters to the area required to be covered, the pertinent information to be exchanged e.g. service area, etc., - - a method for collating, standardising and exchanging information, a method for identifying stations requiring coordinatio
12、n, - the point in the process at which coordination is effected. 1.2 Administrations should also consider the requirements of any existing systems that are within the frequency range covered by the agreement but whose technical and operational parameters do not conform to the parameters in the agree
13、ment. Resolution of any difficulties caused by existing systems should be considered by the administrations and an appropriate mechanism incorporated into the agreement, this could include settlement on an evolutionary or case by case basis. 1.3 Within the Coordination zone administrations should co
14、nsider the following frequency sharing options: - Allotred frequencies (see Note 1): frequencies designated to an individual administration on an exclusive or preferential basis which can be assigned by that administration without prior coordination, provided technical characteristics fixed by prior
15、 agreement are followed. Shared frequencies (see Note 1): frequencies which may be shared by administrations without prior coordination provided the characteristics fixed by prior agreement are followed. - - Coordinatedfrequencies (see Note 2): frequencies that can be assigned only after successful
16、coordination. Allottedfrequencies used on the basis of geographical network plans: (e.g. cellular or broadcast allotment pians) frequencies used, in the countries concerned on the basis of a geographical network plan prepared and adopted in advance, taking into account the technical characteristics
17、set out in the plan. - NOTE 1 - Most applicable to area coverage Systems such as VHFNHF land mobile services. NOTE 2 - Most applicable to fixed services. 2 The Coordination zone 2.1 For a service a smaller Coordination zone may permit an administration to coordinate fewer assignments in the operatio
18、nal planning of the service, whilst keeping the risk of interference to an acceptable level. Refining the Coordination perimeter map would require administrations to have more complex arrangements for regulating the operation of the agreement and achieve greater precision in determining interference
19、 levels. To refine the Coordination perimeter map and minimise the Coordination zone the Coordination perimeter may be estimated by propagation prediction methods. These methods may vary in complexity and precise applicability to the actual terrain and climatic conditions. In essence the aim is to i
20、mprove on the “simple line” approach by using prediction methods to estimate the excess losses introduced by intervening hills and similar features and to assess the degree of risk that anomalous propagation conditions will mitigate against these excess losses. It may also be necessary to agree meas
21、urement strategies by which the accuracy and applicability of the prediction methods or models may be verified. ITU-R RECMN*SM* SERIES 95 4855212 O526742 213 Rec. ITU-R SM.1049-1 17 To determine the Coordination perimeter, mutual agreement on a number of factors is required: the maximum permitted in
22、terference field strength for each service/frequency band; the maximum values of transmitter power, effective antenna height and gain allowed or a method of including these in the calculations; an agreed method of prediction calculation: methods for allowing each administration to verify the correct
23、 or accepted use of the model(s) on a case-by-case basis. For a more detailed model a terrain database covering relevant parts of each administrations territories may be required. In addition it may be necessary to agree on a strategy for performing actual measurements to verify the applicability of
24、 the model and give confidence in the chosen procedures. This measurement strategy will need to consider a number of factors: - - - - the selection of test points at which transmitters and measurement receivers will be located; the conditions, such as climate and signal-to-noise ratios, over which r
25、esults will be considered valid; the mechanism for witnessing measurement programmes and resolving any difficulties; the duration of measurements, in which context two issues need to be addressed: - - the duration of measurements needed to validate terrain loss predictions under “normal” climatic co
26、nditions; the extended duration required to assess the time probability that anomalous propagation will significantly enhance propagation and received signal levels; - the method of relating measured results to the prediction models and the conditions under which the applicability and accuracy of th
27、e model can be considered proven. ANNEX 2 EXAMPLE 1 Agreement between country X and country Y concerning the use of the bands 932 to 932.5 MHz and 941 to 941.5 MHz along the X-Y border for point to multipoint 1 This agreement between country X on the one hand, and country Y on the other hand, covers
28、 the coordination and use of the bands 932-932.5 and 941-941.5 MHz for point-to-multipoint communications systems in the vicinity of the X-Y border. 2 Agreement for point-to-multipoint systems in the band segments 932.0-932.5 MHz and 941 .O-941.5 MHz. 2.1 full use of the entire 932.0-932.5 and 941.0
29、-941.5 MHz bands. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this agreement, beyond the Coordination zone each country shall have 2.2 either country. The Coordination zone is defined as the area adjacent to the X-Y border extending a distance of 50 km within 2.3 Appendix 1: In the Coordination zone, th
30、e frequencies shall be used as follows, consistent with the technical criteria of 2.3.1 932.0-932.25 MHz and 941.0-941.25 MHz Country Y has full use of frequencies within these bands. Country X may also use these frequencies on an unprotected basis, provided its stations are limited to a power flux-
31、density (pfd) of -100 d3(W/m2) at or beyond the Country Y border for the frequency band 932-932.25 MHz and -94 dB(W/m2) at or beyond the Country Y border for the band 941 .O-941.25 MHz. ITU-R RECMN*Sfl- SERIES 95 = 4855232 052b743 L5T = 1s Rec. IW-R SM.1049-1 Class of station Master Fixed remote and
32、 master 2.3.2 Country X has full use of frequencies within these bands. Country Y may also use these frequencies on an unprotected basis, provided its stations are limited to a pfd of -100 dB(W/m2) at or beyond the Country X border for the frequency band 932.25-932.5 MHz and -94 dB(W/m2) at or beyon
33、d the Country X border for the band 941.25-941.50 MHz. 2.4 Wherever this agreement provides that a power flux-density may be met in lieu of a distance separation, free space propagation may initially be assumed to determine whether the required power flux-density has been met. If the new applicant f
34、ails to meet a required pfd limit using free space propagation, the administration seeking use of the frequency may apply other methods, as appropriate, to demonstrate that the required pfd limit has, in fact, been met. On frequencies primarily assigned for use by the other country, the pfd limit mu
35、st be met at and anywhere beyond the border. 932.25-932.50 MHz and 941.25-941.50 MHz Band Maximum e.i.r.p. Maximum e.r.p. WHz) (w) (W) (dBW) 941 .O-94 1.5 lo00 30 600 27.8 932.0-932.5 50 17 30 14.8 APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX 2 Technical criteria applicable to point-to-multipoint stations operating in accor
36、dance with this agreement 1 Example values 1.1 Maximum radiated power: TABLE i 1.2 exceed 150 m. Above 150 m, the power of master stations shall be in accordance with Table 2. The maximum antenna height above average terrain for master stations operating at maximum power shall not TABLE 2 ITU-R RECM
37、NUSM. SERIES 75 m 4655212 052744 oqb m Rec. ITU-R SM.1049-1 19 1.3 Terms and definitions e.i.r.p. e.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power (dBW) effective radiated power (reference dipole antenna) (dBW) e.r.p. = e.i.r.p, - 2.2 1.4 Formula used for calculating free space propagation losses pf (
38、dB(W/m2) = 1Olog pfd is the power flux-density where e.i.r.p. (W), D in (M) and power is relative to an isotropic radiator. EXAMPLE 2 Arrangement between country X and country Y concerning the use of the bands 821-824 MHz and 866-869 MHz along the X-Y border for land-mobile service 1 Scope 1.1 radio
39、 services operating in the bands 821-824 MHz and 866-869 MHz along the X-Y border. This arrangement between country X and country Y covers the establishment and operation of land mobile 1.2 This arrangement is subject to review at any time at the request of either country. 1.3 subject to the approva
40、l of both countries. Special coordination arrangements may be initiated under this arrangement by either country and implemented 2 Sharing arrangements The frequency bands covered by this arrangement are to be shared along the border as indicated below. 2.1 a) CountryX Country X has the unrestricted
41、 use of the frequency bands 821.000-822.500 MHz and 866.000-867.500 MHz in the Coordination zone within country X. b) CountryY Country Y has the unrestricted use of the frequency bands 822.500-824.000 MHz and 867.500-869.000 MHz in the Coordination zone within country Y. c) Shared channels Both coun
42、tries agree that the following paired channels are to be available as public safety mutual aid channels (Mutual aid channels are to be used only for coordination of tactical communications between different public safety organizations, or for other similar emergency communications.): 821.0125 MHz 86
43、6.0125 MHz 821.5125 MHz 866.5125 MHz 822.0125 MHz 867.0125 MHz 822.5125 MHz 867.5125 MHz - - ITU-R RECMN*SM* SERIES 95 D 4855232 052b745 T22 = 20 Rec. ITU-R SM.1049-1 Effective antenna height (EAH) (m) Cft) These channels are available to both countries in all areas. Usage of these channels in the b
44、order area shall be coordinated between the radio system users. These channels are to be 25 kHz wide, and within the Coordination zones. Neither country shall assign any frequencies closer than 25 kHz to any of these mutual aid channels. e.r.p. (maximum) (w) 2.2 Coordination zone 0-152 153-305 The C
45、oordination zone is the area adjacent to the X-Y border extending a distance of 100 km within either country. Within this zone, the countries may use their allotted portions of spectrum subject to the effective radiated power (e.r.p.) and effective antenna height (EAH) limits of Table 3. 0-500 500 5
46、01-1 O00 125 TABLE 3 306-457 458-609 Limits of effective radiated power and effective antenna height Example values 1001-1 500 40 1501-2 O00 20 Effective radiated power (e.r.p.1 is defined as the product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a haif-wave dipole in a given dire
47、ction. For base stations in the protection zone and sharing zone, this Table lists the limits of e.r.p. corresponding to the EAH ranges shown. 610-762 2 001-2 500 10 763-9 14 2501-3 O00 10 - I 1 915-1 066 1067-1 219 3 001-3 500 6 3 501-4 O00 5 Above 1219 Above 4 O00 5 2.3 Two frequency channelling a
48、rrangements Everywhere within the Coordination zones, the countries will use the spectrum on the basis of a two frequency channelling plan with mobile station transmitters in the 821-824 MHz band and base station transmitters in the 866-869 MHz band. A mobile station may also transmit on any frequen
49、cy assigned to its associated base station. 2.4 Use of 821-824 MHz and 866-869 MHz bands outside of the Coordination zones Beyond 100 km from the border, the countries have unrestricted use of these bands. 3 Use of frequencies allotted to one country by the other country Frequencies primarily allotted for unrestricted use of one country may be assigned by the other country for use within the Coordination zone in its country under the following conditions: - the maximum power flux-density (pfd) at the border of the primary users country does not exceed
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