1、 Recommendation ITU-R SM.1603-2 (08/2014) Spectrum redeployment as a method of national spectrum management SM Series Spectrum management ii Rec. ITU-R SM.1603-2 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequen
2、cy spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommun
3、ication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent
4、 statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (
5、Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related
6、satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time
7、signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2014 ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by
8、any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R SM.1603-2 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SM.1603-2 Spectrum redeployment* as a method of national spectrum management (Question ITU-R 216/1) (2003-2012-2014) Scope This Recommendation gives guidelines for spectrum redeployment issues. Keywo
9、rds Guidelines, national spectrum management, spectrum redeployment, spectrum refarming. Related ITU Recommendations, Reports Reports ITU-R SM.2015, ITU-R SM.2012 and ITU-R SM.2153. NOTE In every case the latest edition of the Recommendation/Report in force should be used. The ITU Radiocommunication
10、 Assembly, considering a) that all administrations need to make spectrum available for new radio applications and for increased use of existing applications; b) that as the use of the spectrum increases it may become progressively more difficult for administrations to find suitable spectrum for radi
11、o applications; c) that making spectrum available for some new applications may require redeployment to other frequency bands or redeployment to new technologies (i.e. to decreased bandwidth or analogue to digital); d) that redeploying licence-exempt bands will be complicated by lack of records of u
12、sers; e) the experiences of administrations in spectrum redeployment techniques would provide information on the practice; f) that frequency management and thus redeployment of spectrum is a national responsibility and there is a need for guidelines by collating the experiences of administrations in
13、 spectrum redeployment techniques, recommends 1 that the following definition for spectrum redeployment be recognized as: “Spectrum redeployment (spectrum refarming) is a combination of administrative, financial and technical measures aimed at removing users or equipment of the existing frequency as
14、signments either completely or partially from a particular frequency band. The frequency band may then be allocated to the same or different service(s). These measures may be implemented in short, medium or long time-scales.”; 2 that Annex 1 should be used as a guide for national consideration of re
15、deployment issues. * Also referred to as “refarming”. 2 Rec. ITU-R SM.1603-2 Annex 1 Redeployment issues 1 Introduction The radio spectrum is a finite, but reusable resource that can benefit each administration by providing a medium to assist communications and economic development. In order to maxi
16、mize the benefits to an administration the radio spectrum needs to be efficiently and effectively managed. Part of efficient and effective spectrum management is planning the development of radio services in advance of their requirement; this may include extending the coverage of existing services,
17、enhancing the performance of existing services and introducing new services. This type of spectrum planning is considered to be associated with the development of a national spectrum strategy and the strategy is normally expected to cover a period of 5 to 10 years. Report ITU-R SM.2015 Methods for d
18、etermining national long-term strategies for spectrum utilization provides details on the planning process, evaluation of scenarios and appropriate procedures for transition from present spectrum utilization to long-term objectives. To improve existing services or introduce new services, it may be n
19、ecessary to move existing users of the radio spectrum to more modern technologies or new frequency bands. This movement of existing spectrum users, or as it is otherwise known, spectrum redeployment, needs to be planned. Spectrum redeployment should be included in the administrations national spectr
20、um strategy together with the mechanism identified to assist implementation of redeployment. It should be considered equally with all other options, i.e. sharing, removing restrictions, and not as a last resort. Spectrum redeployment is not necessarily a simple task and an administration may face a
21、number of difficulties that can complicate, delay and even disrupt the process. The administration is encouraged to use spectrum monitoring data to supplement other data when considering redeployment. The level of difficulty experienced and options of implementations available may subsequently influ
22、ence an administrations approach to spectrum redeployment. The following text examines the process of spectrum redeployment and the various factors that are associated with its use. 2 The requirement for spectrum redeployment All administrations have plans to introduce new radio services and for som
23、e this may include the need to move existing users of the radio spectrum to new technologies or new frequency bands. This requirement to move existing users of the spectrum can arise for a number of reasons, for example: a) a spectrum allocation may have been in operation for a considerable period o
24、f time and currently no longer matches the demands of users, or the capabilities of modern systems; b) an allocation within a specific range of frequencies is required for a new radio service and these frequencies are occupied by services with whom the new service cannot share; c) a decision by a WR
25、C to allocate a currently-occupied frequency band to a different service on a regional or global basis. If, as in the case of b) above, the spectrum allocation is not being used efficiently, there may be a requirement to re-engineer the band to improve spectral efficiency and this can include the fo
26、llowing options: increasing the level of spectrum sharing; reducing the channel bandwidth to increase the number of channels; Rec. ITU-R SM.1603-2 3 changing to more efficient modulation techniques that permit greater sharing; reducing the frequency reuse distance. Any of the above options may provi
27、de the requirement for starting a spectrum redeployment process in order to change existing users current equipment and/or their frequency assignment, even though any change in frequency may be limited to the same frequency band. In some cases, the spectrum sharing criteria between services on a co-
28、primary basis is detailed but the national requirements may be to assign these frequencies to one of the radio service and may require the redeployment of other radio services from the same band. If an administration can move existing users to unused spectrum, then the spectrum redeployment process
29、may not be difficult. However, resistance amongst radio users to changes in the type of equipment used, or to changes in frequency allocation, limits an administrations flexibility to make spectrum available for new users and services. In addition, in some countries, increasing spectrum congestion c
30、an make the identification and use of alternative frequency bands time-consuming and difficult. Delays in the introduction of new services are undesirable, as they can make a proposed solution obsolete before it is implemented and, in the case of a proposed change affecting one or more frequency ban
31、ds, a delay with one service1 may impact on several other bands and services. These delays, as studies have shown, are capable of causing a significant loss to a countrys economy. If a solution is not achieved, this may lead in the long term to impairment in spectrum use and a reduction in radiocomm
32、unications development. Hence, it is important that once an administration has decided to use spectrum redeployment, any unnecessary delays in the process are avoided. The extent to which an administration will need to use spectrum redeployment will depend on the size of the demand for spectrum and
33、the level of spectrum congestion within the administration. For those administrations where the level of demand for spectrum has given rise to spectrum congestion and there is little usable spectrum available, the need for an effective spectrum redeployment policy is self-evident. However, there are
34、 benefits in identifying a suitable spectrum redeployment mechanism. Benefits can apply even to countries where spectrum congestion is not a problem, as the necessity to make spectrum available to take advantage of new services is an issue that faces all administrations, e.g. providing spectrum to t
35、ake advantage of the global growth in mobile services. 3 Spectrum redeployment Spectrum redeployment is a national spectrum management tool and therefore, in theory, any frequency band and any system could be subjected to some form of spectrum redeployment. In practice, spectrum redeployment is more
36、 limited as it can only be applied in cases where an administration can change the use of the frequency band and this may be limited by international agreements and sharing criteria. The administration should derive benefits in terms of technical, economic and social aspects from the process of rede
37、ployment of spectrum. For example, the new use of a released band can make more efficient use of the spectrum and can provide services to improve quality of life and generate new business opportunities that can increase employment. 1 Whether delays occur will depend on the difficulty an administrati
38、on has in getting users to agree to the change. Assessment of the difficulty experienced by administrations should be based on their ability to make all users, both public and private, large and small release spectrum when it is required. 4 Rec. ITU-R SM.1603-2 The issues associated with applying sp
39、ectrum redeployment in bands where use is exempt from licences are more complex than for licensed use, as there is no record of users of the service. The ramifications of these issues are described in 3.2.2. 3.1 Time-scales The approach an administration takes to spectrum redeployment depends on the
40、 time-scale in which the spectrum needs to be made available. For some services a change in spectrum use may be associated with a new international allocation. In this case, the period for planning the introduction for the particular service may take place over a 10 to 20 year time-scale and be subj
41、ect to a long-term plan with quite detailed market predictions of the possible technology developments to justify the allocation process. For services where the change in spectrum use is based on a change in the end user service, for example mobile data, the demand for spectrum access can arise more
42、 quickly due to the rapid change of market requirements and the availability of the technology. These services may require a more flexible system for the national designation of spectrum for a particular service and typically would be characterized by a shorter planning cycle (i.e. less than five ye
43、ars) where the spectrum would need to be made available over a much shorter time period. A reasonable amount of advance notice of the proposed change should be given to enable existing or new users time to plan and implement any consequent changes. The spectrum manager should schedule the period of
44、advance notice into plans for the process. In all cases, redeployment decisions should be taken at an early stage to allow the maximum time for the migration of existing services and systems. An early decision on spectrum redeployment is desirable, although not always possible, as it provides a clea
45、r basis on which existing and new users can develop their implementation plans and for larger systems may include establishing the necessary financial backing. To avoid leaving spectrum unused for any lengthy period, it is also desirable to have a flexible transition period that only clears existing
46、 users from the spectrum when it is required by the new services. However, this approach may require a compromise on technical decisions on the structure of the assignments in the frequency band and may not produce the most efficient use of the spectrum. 3.2 Voluntary and regulatory spectrum redeplo
47、yment Spectrum redeployment may be used in a number of different ways but there are only two basic types: voluntary spectrum redeployment and regulatory spectrum redeployment. 3.2.1 Voluntary spectrum redeployment This method of spectrum redeployment represents the case when an administration decide
48、s to implement spectrum redeployment and to use methods to encourage an existing spectrum user to voluntarily decide to return the frequencies used to the spectrum manager for re-assignment. This process tends to occur when an existing user recognizes the benefits they are gaining from using the spe
49、ctrum are less than the costs of continuing to use it. This method may not be suitable if the spectrum needs to be recovered quickly, as it is likely to take time. Typically voluntary spectrum redeployment occurs when there may be more than one increase in licence fees or for an increase in licence fees to coincide with the existing equipment needing to be serviced or replaced, or a new technology appearing that provides a better service than the existing equipment, e.g. for taxi drivers, the greater range provided by cellular telephones compared to mobile radio. The sti
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