1、 Recommendation ITU-R SM.1879-2(08/2013)The impact of power line high data rate telecommunication systems on radiocommunication systems below 470 MHzSM SeriesSpectrum managementii Rec. ITU-R SM.1879-2 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient
2、and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are perf
3、ormed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms
4、to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be f
5、ound. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, r
6、adiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum managemen
7、t SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2013 ITU 2013 All rights reserved. No part of
8、this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R SM.1879-2 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SM.1879-2* The impact of power line high data rate telecommunication systems on radiocommunication systems below 470 MHz (Question ITU-R 221/1) (01/2011-09/2011
9、-2013) Scope This Recommendation addresses the impact of power line telecommunication (PLT) systems on radiocommunication services and provides as guidance a summary of the protection criteria for radiocommunication services below 470 MHz with regard to interference by an aggregate of PLT systems in
10、cluding examples of some national regulations. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that there is increasing demand for broadband home networking and broadband connection to the Internet throughout the world; b) that power line telecommunication (PLT) systems may provide a means of co
11、nnectivity by the introduction of radio-frequency (RF) signals onto the electrical power supply network; c) that although these systems have no frequency allocation in the Radio Regulations as they are not a radiocommunication service, RF energy will leak and radiate; d) that such systems may cause
12、interference to the radiocommunication services operating up to 470 MHz and beyond, which provide an extensive range of scientific, public and government services; e) that some radiocommunication services have established criteria to assess the impact of interference from extraneous sources of RF en
13、ergy that produce unwanted radiation in the frequency bands allocated to those services; f) that use of the radio spectrum requires definition of the maximum allowable error performance and availability degradations to radiocommunication systems caused by various sources of interference, noting a) t
14、hat detailed studies relevant to the impact of devices using PLT technology on radiocommunication services are documented in Reports ITU-R SM.2158 and ITU-R SM.2212; b) that Recommendation ITU-R P.372 describes levels of some types of radio noise; c) that intrinsic receiver noise and external radio
15、noise, including atmospheric, man-made and galactic noise, determine how well radiocommunication services function; d) that radiation from power lines and PLT systems increase the level of man-made radio noise, causing an increase in the external radio noise environment; *This Recommendation should
16、be brought to the attention of Radiocommunication Study Group 6. 2 Rec. ITU-R SM.1879-2 e) that the increase in external radio noise results in an increase in the minimum usable field strength and degradation of the quality, reliability, or both, of the fixed, mobile and broadcasting services; f) th
17、at the reception environment of the radio astronomy service requires protection from interference or extraneous sources of noise, or both; g) that some PLT systems incorporate adaptive power control and notching techniques designed to avoid frequencies used by certain radiocommunication services; h)
18、 that Recommendation ITU-T G.9964 (2011) defines a spectrum mask for PLT systems to use the frequencies up to 80 MHz, recognizing a) the obligations on administrations to ensure the continued availability of the RF spectrum and guard against harmful interference; b) that protection of radiocommunica
19、tion services from radiated disturbances from telecommunication networks is specifically called for in No. 15.12 of the Radio Regulations, recommends 1 that administrations should take all necessary possible precautions to implement limits, measures and procedures to ensure that radiocommunication s
20、ervices are protected from interference caused by power line telecommunication systems; 2 that the information contained in this Recommendation should be taken into account as guidance by administrations when considering their own national rules and regulations regarding the use of PLT. Annex 1 Prot
21、ection criteria of radiocommunication services operating below 470 MHz This Annex provides a summary of the protection criteria of radiocommunication services operating below 470 MHz with regard to interference by an aggregate of power line telecommunication systems. Details on interference consider
22、ations below 80 MHz are contained in Report ITU-R SM.2158 on the Impact of power line telecommunication systems on radiocommunication systems operating in the LF, MF, HF and VHF bands below 80 MHz (references are given in the first column of Table 1) and in Report ITU-R SM.2212 on the impact of PLT
23、systems on radiocommunication systems operating in the VHF and UHF bands between 80 and 470 MHz (references are given in the first column of Table 2). Reports ITU-R SM.2158 and ITU-R SM.2212 contain detailed studies and measurement tests as well as studies on mitigation techniques considered within
24、ITU-R. It is to be noted that assumptions and measurement conditions fundamentally affect the results of these studies. Rec. ITU-R SM.1879-2 3 TABLE 1 Summary table of protection criteria for radiocommunication services operating below 80 MHz* Part of Report ITU-R SM.2158 Service/application (Approx
25、imate) frequency bands (MHz) Protection criteria (at the receiving antenna unless otherwise noted) 3.1 Broadcasting 2 (and below), 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 26 _ 47-72 for above 76 see Table 2 Increase in the total noise floor due to PLT less than 0.5 dB _ Increase in the total recei
26、ving system noise power due to PLT not to exceed 1% (see Recommendation ITU-R BS./BT.1895). This is equivalent to about 0.05 dB increase in the total noise floor 3.2 Amateur 1.8, 3.5, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 21, 24, 28, 50, 70 Increase in the total noise floor due to PLT less than 0.5 dB 3.3 Aeronautical
27、mobile 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18, 22, 23 Increase in the total noise floor due to PLT less than 0.5 dB 3.3 Aeronautical radionavigation 0.19-0.535 75 Aggregate level of 107 dBm/Hz at the aircraft antenna 96 dBm/Hz (airborne) 3.6 Radiolocation 5, 8, 9.2, 12, 13, 16, 24.5, 25, 42 147 dBm/50
28、0 Hz at a receiving antenna in the main beam of the antenna Recommendation ITU-R M.1874 3.8 Radio astronomy 13.36-13.41 25.55-25.67 37.5-38.25 73.0-74.6 55.2 dB(V/m)/0.05 MHz 53.2 dB(V/m)/0.12 MHz 52.5 dB(V/m)/0.75 MHz 50.2 dB(V/m)/1.6 MHz at a receiving antenna location Report ITU-R RA.2131 and Rec
29、ommendation ITU-R RA.769 * Where services or frequency bands are not specified in Table 1, an increase in the total noise floor due to PLT of less than 0.5 dB should be taken as the protection criteria. 4 Rec. ITU-R SM.1879-2 TABLE 2 Summary table of protection criteria for radiocommunication servic
30、es/applications operating between about 80 MHz and 470 MHz* Part of Report ITU-R SM.2212 Service/application (Approximate) frequency bands (MHz) Protection criteria (at the receiving antenna) 3.1 Broadcasting 76-108, 174-240 Increase in the total receiving system noise power due to PLT not to exceed
31、 1% (see Recommendation ITU-R BS./BT.1895). This is equivalent to about 0.05 dB increase in the total noise floor 3.2 Amateur and amateur-satellite 144-148 220-225 (Region 2 only) 420-450 Strength from PLT and its harmonics not to exceed 6 dB(V/m) in 120 kHz at 3 m 3.3 Aeronautical mobile (R) Aerona
32、utical mobile (OR) 108-117.975 117.975-137 132-137 138-143.6 165 dBm/Hz (airborne) 177 dBm/Hz (ground) 170 dBm/Hz (airborne) 181 dBm/Hz (ground) See Note* See Note* 3.4 Maritime mobile 156.4875-156.5625 156.7625-156.8375 161.9625-161.9875 162.0125-162.0375 216-220 456-459 460-470 See Note* 3.5 Radio
33、determination: Aeronautical radionavigation Radiolocation 108-112 112-117.975 200-225 223-225 328.6-335.4 420-460 138-144 216-220 420-450 177 dBm/Hz (airborne) 171 dBm/Hz (airborne) See Note* See Note* 168 dBm/Hz (airborne) See Note* See Note* See Note* I/N=6 dB (see Recommendation ITU-R M.1462) 3.7
34、 Radio astronomy 150.05-153 322-328.6 406.1-410 48.2 dB(V/m)/2.95 MHz 43.2 dB(V/m)/6.6 MHz (cont.) 58.2 dB(V/m)/10 kHz (line) 43.2 dB(V/m)/3.9 MHz at a receiving antenna location Report ITU-R RA.2131 and Recommendation ITU-R RA.769 Rec. ITU-R SM.1879-2 5 TABLE 2 (end) Part of Report ITU-R SM.2212 Se
35、rvice/application (Approximate) frequency bands (MHz) Protection criteria (at the receiving antenna) 3.8 Mobile-satellite 137-138 148-150.05 161.9625-161.9875 162.0125-162.0375 235-322 312-315 335.4-399.9 387-390 399.9-400.05 400.15-401 406-406.1 T/T criterion of 1% (to be used in analogy to Recomme
36、ndation ITU-R S.1432) See Recommendation ITU-R M.1478 NOTE Special protection required for Cospas-Sarsat (406-406.1 MHz, see Nos. 5.266 and 5.267 of the Radio Regulations) 3.9 Radionavigation-satellite 149-9-150.05 399.9-400.05 T/T criterion of 1% (to be used in analogy to Recommendation ITU-R S.143
37、2) 3.9bis Meteorological aids 401.15-406 Interference level at receiver not to exceed 187.8 dBm/Hz * Where services or frequency bands are not specified in Table 2, an increase in the total noise floor due to PLT of less than 0.05 dB should be taken as the protection criteria. Annex 2 Examples of na
38、tional regulations Some administrations have adopted or are in the process of adopting national regulations including technical and operational restrictions that may have been derived using different parameters and/or methodologies, taking into account, in particular, specific national deployment sc
39、enarios and technical characteristics, as well as other considerations. Examples can be found in the following Appendices to this Annex. These Appendices are provided for information. 6 Rec. ITU-R SM.1879-2 Appendix 1 to Annex 2 United States of America Regulation of RF emissions from power line com
40、munication systems in the United States of America 1 Introduction In October 2004, the United States of America adopted new rules for access broadband over power line (access BPL) systems, a new type of carrier current technology that provides access to high speed broadband services using electric u
41、tility companies power lines. 1, 2 These rules recognized the need to ensure that RF energy from BPL signals on power lines does not cause harmful interference to licensed radio services. 2 Definition of BPL The following definitions of BPL were adopted: Access BPL: A carrier current system operatin
42、g as an unintentional radiator using frequencies between 1 705 kHz and 80 MHz on medium voltage (MV) or low voltage (LV) lines to provide broadband communications and located on the supply side of the utility services points of interconnection with customer premises. MV wires carry between 1 000 and
43、 40 000 V from a substation and may be overhead or underground; LV wires carry “low voltage” e.g. 240/120 V from a distribution transformer to a customer premise. In Home BPL: A carrier current system operating as an unintentional radiator using frequencies between 1 705 kHz and 80 MHz on LV lines t
44、hat are not owned, operated or controlled by an electric service provider. This includes closed networks within a customer premise and includes customer premise networks forming connections with access BPL systems. 3 Emission limits In the United States of America, a single set of frequency-dependen
45、t radiated emission limits below 30 MHz. In the range 1 705 kHz to 30 MHz, the limit is 30 V/m at a measurement distance of 30 m. Above 30 MHz, there is a distinction between Class A radiated emission limits (intended to protect commercial/industrial environments) and Class B radiated emission limit
46、s (intended to protect residential environments). Thus, for example, in the band 30-88 MHz, the Class A limit is 90 V/m at a measurement distance of 10 m; the Class B limit is 100 V/m at a distance of 3 m. Class A provides for 10 dB (or 10 ) more power than Class B. Those existing radiated emission
47、limits apply to BPL below 30 MHz, and that above 30 MHz, Class A radiated emission limits should apply on MV wires and Class B radiated emissions rules apply on LV wires. There are no conducted emission limits for BPL (including no limits in AM broadcast bands). Rec. ITU-R SM.1879-2 7 4 Special freq
48、uency protections Certain frequency bands were determined to require special interference protection and a variety of frequency band exclusions, geographical exclusion zones and consultation requirements were adopted. 4.1 Frequency band exclusions On overhead MV lines access BPL systems may not use
49、(“place carrier frequencies in”) certain designated bands between 2 MHz and 22 MHz as well as 74.8-75.2 MHz. These are bands allocated to aeronautical mobile (R) and radionavigation services that are used to provide aeronautical safety of life services. This requirement does not apply to LV wires, nor to underground wires (LV or MV). A total of 1 731 kHz falls within the excluded bands, or 2% of the spectrum within the 1.7-80 MHz band. 4.2 Geographical exclusion zones The rules
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