1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T F.748.0 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/2014) SERIES F: NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES Audiovisual services Common requirements for Internet of things (IoT) applications Recommendation ITU-T F.
2、748.0 ITU-T F-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES TELEGRAPH SERVICE Operating methods for the international public telegram service F.1F.19 The gentex network F.20F.29 Message switching F.30F.39 The international telemessage service F.40F.58 The international telex servic
3、e F.59F.89 Statistics and publications on international telegraph services F.90F.99 Scheduled and leased communication services F.100F.104 Phototelegraph service F.105F.109 MOBILE SERVICE Mobile services and multidestination satellite services F.110F.159 TELEMATIC SERVICES Public facsimile service F
4、.160F.199 Teletex service F.200F.299 Videotex service F.300F.349 General provisions for telematic services F.350F.399 MESSAGE HANDLING SERVICES F.400F.499 DIRECTORY SERVICES F.500F.549 DOCUMENT COMMUNICATION Document communication F.550F.579 Programming communication interfaces F.580F.599 DATA TRANS
5、MISSION SERVICES F.600F.699 AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES F.700F.799 ISDN SERVICES F.800F.849 UNIVERSAL PERSONAL TELECOMMUNICATION F.850F.899 HUMAN FACTORS F.900F.999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T F.748.0 (10/2014) i Recommendation ITU-T F.748.0 Common req
6、uirements for Internet of things (IoT) applications Summary Recommendation ITU-T F.748.0 includes the common requirements for Internet of things (IoT) applications enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on, existing and evolving, interoperable information a
7、nd communication technologies. The requirements defined in this Recommendation are general requirements, and can therefore be applied to many kinds of IoT applications regardless of their types and characteristics. This Recommendation is based on the high-level requirements and the reference model d
8、efined in Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T F.748.0 2014-10-14 16 11.1002/1000/12228 Keywords Internet of things, IoT, things, ubiquitous computing. _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address
9、 field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T F.748.0 (10/2014) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, inform
10、ation and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worl
11、dwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in W
12、TSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication admini
13、stration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provi
14、sions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to
15、 the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outsid
16、e of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the late
17、st information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T F.748.0 (10/2014) iii Tabl
18、e of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 2 6 Characteristics of things in the IoT . 2 6.1 Fundamental characteristics . 2 6.2 Common characteristics . 3 6.3
19、Social characteristics 3 6.4 Autonomy of things 3 6.5 Capability of self-replication or control . 3 7 Characteristics of IoT applications . 3 7.1 Interconnectivity . 3 7.2 Things-related services . 4 7.3 Heterogeneity . 4 7.4 Dynamic changes 4 7.5 Enormous scale . 4 7.6 Data gathering and processing
20、 by things 4 7.7 Collaborative data processing . 4 7.8 Maintenance-free operation 4 7.9 Self-adaptation 5 7.10 Energy efficiency and operating lifetime . 5 7.11 Embedded intelligence . 5 7.12 Location considerations 5 7.13 Auto-configuring reliable information transmission over ubiquitous networks .
21、 5 7.14 Security . 6 7.15 Privacy 6 7.16 Infrastructure-less versus infrastructure-based application 6 7.17 Observation and/or actuation vs. data exchanges . 6 7.18 Application domains . 6 8 Common requirements for IoT applications . 7 8.1 Identification . 7 8.2 Identification-based connectivity . 7
22、 8.3 Interoperability . 7 8.4 Autonomic networking . 7 iv Rec. ITU-T F.748.0 (10/2014) Page 8.5 Autonomic services provisioning . 8 8.6 Location-based capabilities 8 8.7 Security . 8 8.8 Privacy protection . 8 8.9 Plug and play 8 8.10 Manageability . 8 8.11 Compliance with laws and regulations . 8 8
23、.12 Awareness of service 8 8.13 Mobility support . 9 8.14 Scalability support 9 8.15 Robustness against dynamic changes . 9 8.16 Self-organization (re-organization) and self-healing 9 8.17 Energy efficient operation 9 8.18 Common data format for collaborative data processing . 9 Bibliography. 10 Rec
24、. ITU-T F.748.0 (10/2014) 1 Recommendation ITU-T F.748.0 Common requirements for Internet of things (IoT) applications 1 Scope This Recommendation defines the common requirements for Internet of things (IoT) applications based on ITU-T Y.2060. This Recommendation covers the following from the applic
25、ation point of view: overview of the IoT applications; characteristics of the IoT applications; common requirements for the IoT applications. NOTE This Recommendation mainly focuses on the viewpoint of the IoT applications. The network layer aspect of the IoT is out of scope of this Recommendation.
26、2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revisio
27、n; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Re
28、commendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T Y.2060 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060 (2012), Overview of the Internet of things. ISO/IEC 29182-1 ISO/IEC 29182-1 (2013), Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) Part 1: General overvie
29、w and requirements. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 data fusion ISO/IEC 29182-1: Deriving information by processing data from various sources. 3.1.2 Internet of things (IoT) ITU-T Y.2060: A global infrastructure for the
30、information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies. NOTE 1 Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the Io
31、T makes full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, whilst ensuring that security and privacy requirements are fulfilled. NOTE 2 From a broad perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with technological and societal implications. 3.1.3 thing ITU-T Y.2060: With regard t
32、o the Internet of things, this is an object of the physical world (physical things) or of the information world (virtual things), which is capable of being identified and integrated into communication networks. 2 Rec. ITU-T F.748.0 (10/2014) 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation None. 4 Abbreviat
33、ions and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: IoT Internet of Things M2M Machine-to-Machine MOC Machine Oriented Communication MTC Machine-Type Communication QoS Quality of Service RFID Radio Frequency Identification SOA Service Oriented Architecture USN Ubiqui
34、tous Sensor Network 5 Conventions In this Recommendation: The keywords “is required to“ indicate a requirement which must be strictly followed and from which no deviation is permitted if conformance to this document is to be claimed. The keywords “is recommended“ indicate a requirement which is reco
35、mmended but which is not absolutely required. Thus this requirement need not be present to claim conformance. The keywords “can optionally“ and “may“ indicate an optional requirement which is permissible, without implying any sense of being recommended. These terms are not intended to imply that the
36、 vendors implementation must provide the option and the feature can be optionally enabled by the network operator/service provider. Rather, it means the vendor may optionally provide the feature and still claim conformance with the specification. 6 Characteristics of things in the IoT ITU-T Y.2060 e
37、xplains the concept of the Internet of things (IoT) as a vision with technological and social implications. In addition, the IoT can be viewed as a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on, existing and ev
38、olving, interoperable information and communication technologies. Things in the IoT can be characterized using five criteria: fundamental, common, social, autonomy and capability of self-replication or control b-CERP-IoT. 6.1 Fundamental characteristics Fundamentally, things have characteristics as
39、follows: Things can be “real world entities“ or “virtual entities“; Things have identity and there are means for identifying (automatically or manually) them, for example barcode and radio frequency identification (RFID); Things and their associated information (their virtual representations) respec
40、t the privacy, security and safety of other things or people with which they interact; Association (or relation) among things (both physical and virtual) and the related information is as important as the things and the information in IoT application; and Rec. ITU-T F.748.0 (10/2014) 3 Things commun
41、icate with each other via the infrastructure or the infrastructure-less communications means. 6.2 Common characteristics There are common characteristics in things as follows: Things can use services that act as interfaces to things; Things could be competing with other things for resources, service
42、s and subject to selective pressures; Things may have embedded or attached sensors (and/or actuators), thus they can interact with their environment; Things use protocols to communicate with each other and the infrastructure; and Things are environmentally safe, where things are devices for identifi
43、cation, sense or communication, etc. 6.3 Social characteristics Things have the following social characteristics towards other things or people: Things can communicate with other things, computing devices and with people; Things can collaborate to create groups or networks; Things can initiate commu
44、nication without human intervention; Things can create, manage and destroy other things; and Things can respect the privacy, security and safety of other things or people with which they interact. 6.4 Autonomy of things Autonomy is an important feature of the IoT. The followings are characteristics
45、of autonomous things: Things can do many tasks autonomously; Things can negotiate, understand and adapt to their environment; Things can extract patterns from the environment or to learn from other things; Things can take decisions through their reasoning capabilities; and Things can selectively tra
46、nsform or evolve and propagate information. 6.5 Capability of self-replication or control Autonomous things tend to have a capability of self-replication or control under specific conditions. Things can create, manage and destroy other things. 7 Characteristics of IoT applications NOTE Characteristi
47、cs given in clauses 7.1 to 7.5 refer to ITU-T Y.2060 and characteristics given in clauses 7.6 to 7.10 refer to ISO/IEC 29182-1. 7.1 Interconnectivity In the IoT, anything will be inter-connected with the global information and communication infrastructure. 4 Rec. ITU-T F.748.0 (10/2014) 7.2 Things-r
48、elated services The IoT is capable of providing thing-related services within the constraints of things, such as privacy protection and semantic consistency between physical things and their associated virtual things. In order to provide thing-related services within the constraints of things, both
49、the technologies in the physical world and information world will change. 7.3 Heterogeneity The devices in the IoT are heterogeneous and based on different hardware platforms and networks. They can interact with other devices or service platforms through different networks. 7.4 Dynamic changes The state of devices change dynamically, e.g., sleeping and waking up, connected and/or disconnected as well as the context of devices including locati
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