1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T G.1028 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (04/2016) SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS Multimedia Quality of Service and performance Generic and user-related aspects End-to-e
2、nd quality of service for voice over 4G mobile networks Recommendation ITU-T G.1028 ITU-T G-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS AND CIRCUITS G.100G.199 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO ALL ANALOGUE CARRIER-TRANSMISS
3、ION SYSTEMS G.200G.299 INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON METALLIC LINES G.300G.399 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON RADIO-RELAY OR SATELLITE LINKS AND INTERCONNECTION WITH METALLIC LINES G.400G.449 COORDINATION OF RADIOTELEP
4、HONY AND LINE TELEPHONY G.450G.499 TRANSMISSION MEDIA AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS G.600G.699 DIGITAL TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS G.700G.799 DIGITAL NETWORKS G.800G.899 DIGITAL SECTIONS AND DIGITAL LINE SYSTEM G.900G.999 MULTIMEDIA QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE GENERIC AND USER-RELATED ASPECTS G
5、.1000G.1999 TRANSMISSION MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS G.6000G.6999 DATA OVER TRANSPORT GENERIC ASPECTS G.7000G.7999 PACKET OVER TRANSPORT ASPECTS G.8000G.8999 ACCESS NETWORKS G.9000G.9999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T G.1028 (04/2016) i Recommendation IT
6、U-T G.1028 End-to-end quality of service for voice over 4G mobile networks Summary Recommendation ITU-T G.1028 provides guidelines concerning the key aspects impacting end-to-end performance of managed voice applications over LTE networks and how they can be properly assessed using current elements
7、of knowledge. Some typical end-to-end scenarios are described, involving cases with LTE access at both sides of the communication, or with a different access technology at one side (wireless or wireline access). These scenarios are based on typical reference connections defined in this Recommendatio
8、n, composed of various segments, including: terminal, wireless access, backhaul network, core network. Considerations regarding the sharing of the budget of some key parameters and the location where they can be assessed across these segments are provided. History Edition Recommendation Approval Stu
9、dy Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T G.1028 2016-04-06 12 11.1002/1000/12748 * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T G.1028
10、(04/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsibl
11、e for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T
12、study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative ba
13、sis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandator
14、y provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The u
15、se of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no
16、 position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property,
17、protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2016 All rights reserved. No p
18、art of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T G.1028 (04/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 3 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 3 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 3 4 Abbreviati
19、ons and acronyms 3 5 Conventions 6 6 Brief introduction on Voice over LTE and assumptions 6 7 Hypothetical reference models . 8 7.1 LTE-LTE communication on the same network 10 7.2 LTE-LTE communication between two interconnected networks (includes roaming) 10 7.3 LTE-3G communication . 10 7.4 LTE-P
20、STN communication 11 8 Aspects of quality of service for voice over LTE services . 11 9 Relevant indicators and quality targets . 13 10 Recommendations for QoS monitoring and troubleshooting . 19 10.1 Recommended QoS monitoring points 19 10.2 Monitoring strategy 24 10.3 Available tools in ITU-T stan
21、dards 27 Annex A List of degradations encountered by end-users of VoLTE service and their potential causes . 31 A.1 QoS problem linked to call session performance . 31 A.2 QoS problem linked to perceived speech quality . 32 Bibliography. 34 Rec. ITU-T G.1028 (04/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T G.1028 E
22、nd-to-end quality of service for voice over 4G mobile networks 1 Scope This Recommendation works on the assumption that Voice over LTE (VoLTE) is a so-called managed voice service, in opposition to over the top (OTT) applications without use of session initiation protocol/IP multimedia subsystem (SI
23、P/IMS) signalling and with no prioritized traffic. Video-telephony over LTE (ViLTE) is another service which will be addressed in a specific Recommendation. This Recommendation describes the key aspects impacting end-to-end performance of managed voice applications over LTE networks, for the most co
24、mmon call cases (IMS tromboning is not considered, nor single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC), nor mobility under wireless local access network), and how they can be properly assessed using current elements of knowledge. Relevant quality of service (QoS) mechanisms used to manage the voice servi
25、ce, such as robust header compression (RoHC), transmission time interval (TTI) bundling, semi-persistent scheduling (SPS), discontinuous transmission (DTX) and reception (DRX), service domain selection (SDS) or SIP preconditions, are not considered in this Recommendation as a mandatory part of a VoL
26、TE service, but their impact on end-to-end perceived quality will be taken into account. Analysis of the impact of VoLTE on quality of supplementary services (such as data streaming) or on device features (battery life) is outside the scope of this Recommendation. 2 References The following ITU-T Re
27、commendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are
28、 therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a
29、 stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T E.800 Recommendation ITU-T E.800 (2008), Definitions of terms related to quality of services. ITU-T E.804 Recommendation ITU-T E.804 (2014), Quality of service aspects for popular services in mobile networks. ITU-T G.107 Recommendation ITU
30、-T G.107 (2015), The E-model: a computational model for use in transmission planning. ITU-T G.107.1 Recommendation ITU-T G.107.1 (2015), Wideband E-model ITU-T G.109 Recommendation ITU-T G.109 (1999), Definition of categories of speech transmission quality. ITU-T G.114 Recommendation ITU-T G.114 (20
31、03), One-way transmission time ITU-T G.711 Recommendation ITU-T G.711 (1988), Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies. ITU-T G.1000 Recommendation ITU-T G.1000 (2001), Communications quality of service: A framework and definitions. 2 Rec. ITU-T G.1028 (04/2016) ITU-T P.10 Recommendation ITU
32、-T P.10/G.100 (2006), Vocabulary for performance and quality of service. ITU-T P.563 Recommendation ITU-T P.563 (2004), Single-ended method for objective speech quality assessment in narrow-band telephony applications. ITU-T P.564 Recommendation ITU-T P.564 (2007), Conformance testing for voice over
33、 IP transmission quality assessment models. ITU-T P.800.1 Recommendation ITU-T P.800.1 (2016), Mean opinion score (MOS) terminology. ITU-T P.862 Recommendation ITU-T P.862 (2001), Perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ): An objective method for end-to-end speech quality assessment of narrow-b
34、and telephone networks and speech codecs. ITU-T P.863 Recommendation ITU-T P.863 (2014), Perceptual objective listening quality assessment. ITU-T P.863.1 Recommendation ITU-T P.863.1 (2014), Application guide for Recommendation ITU-T P.863. ITU-T Y.1540 Recommendation ITU-T Y.1540 (2016), Internet p
35、rotocol data communication service IP packet transfer and availability performance parameters. ITU-T Y.1541 Recommendation ITU-T Y.1541 (2011), Network performance objectives for IP-based services. 3GPP TS 22.105 3GPP TS 22.105 v12.1.0 (2014), 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specificat
36、ion Group Services and System Aspects; Services and service capabilities (Release 12). 3GPP TS 23.203 3GPP TS 23.203 v 13.5.1 (2015), 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Policy and charging control architecture (Release 13). 3GPP TS 24.229 3
37、GPP TS 24.229 v 13.3.1 (2015), 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; IP multimedia call control protocol based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description Protocol (SDP); Stage 3 (Release 13). 3GPP TS 26.114 3GPP TS 26.114 v 13
38、.1.0 (2015), 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS); Multimedia Telephony; Media handling and interaction (Release 13). 3GPP TS 26.131 3GPP TS 26.131 v 13.1.0 (2015), 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical S
39、pecification Group Services and System Aspects; Terminal acoustic characteristics for telephony; Requirements (Release 13). ETSI TS 101 563 ETSI TS 101 563 v 1.4.1 (2015), Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); IMS/PES/VoLTE exchange performance requirements. ETSI TR 103 219 ETSI TR 103 2
40、19 v1.1.1 (2015), Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Quality of Service aspects of voice communication in an LTE environment. IETF RFC 6076 IETF RFC 6076 (2011), Basic Telephony SIP End-to-End Performance Metrics. Rec. ITU-T G.1028 (04/2016) 3 IETF RFC 3095 IETF RFC 3095 (2001), Robus
41、t Header Compression (RoHC): Framework and four profiles: RTP, UDP, ESP, and uncompressed. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 call set-up time ITU-T E.800: The period starting when the address information required for setti
42、ng up a call is received by the network (recognized on the calling users access line) and finishing when the called party busy tone, or ringing tone or answer signal is received by the calling party (i.e., recognized on the calling users access line). Local, national and service calls should be incl
43、uded, but calls to Other Licensed Operators should not, as a given operator cannot control the QoS delivered by another network. 3.1.2 speech quality ITU-T P.10: Quality of spoken language as perceived when acoustically displayed. Result of a perception and assessment process, in which the assessing
44、 subject establishes a relationship between the perceived characteristics, i.e., the auditory event, and the desired or expected characteristics. 3.1.3 service accessibility performance ITU-T E.800: The ability of a service to be obtained, within specified tolerances and other given conditions, when
45、 requested by the user. 3.1.4 mean one-way propagation time ITU-T P.10: In a connection, the mean of the propagation times in the two directions of transmission. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation None. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acron
46、yms: 2G Second Generation of radio access network (also called GSM) 3G Third Generation of radio access network (also called UMTS) 4G Fourth Generation of radio access network (also called LTE) ACK Acknowledgment AEC Acoustical Echo Cancellation AF Application Function AGC Automatic Gain Control AGW
47、 Access Gateway AMR Adaptive Multi Rate coding AMR-WB Wide-Band Adaptive Multi Rate coding BGCF Border Gateway Control Function BTS Base Transceiver Station CDR Call Detail Record CNG Comfort Noise Generation CS Circuit Switched 4 Rec. ITU-T G.1028 (04/2016) CSFB Circuit Switched Fall Back DL Downli
48、nk DRX Discontinuous Reception DTX Discontinuous Transmission EEC Electrical Echo Cancellation E-NodeB Enhanced Node B EPC Evolved Packet Core E-UTRAN Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network EVS Enhanced Voice Services GBR Guaranteed Bit Rate GERAN GSM/Edge Radio Access Network GGSN Gateway GP
49、RS (General Packet Radio Service) Service Node GSM Global System for Mobile Communications GSMA The GSM Association GW Gateway HARQ Hybrid Automatic-Repeat-Request HD voice High Definition voice HO Hand Over HSS Home Subscriber Server I-CSCF Interrogating Call Session Control Function IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem IPDV Internet Packet Delay Variation IPER Internet Packet Error Ratio IPLR Internet Packet Loss Ratio IPTD Internet Packet Transfer Delay IRA Ineffective Registration Attempt K
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