1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T G.663TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (04/2011) SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS Transmission media and optical systems characteristics Characteristics of optical components and subsystems Application-r
2、elated aspects of optical amplifier devices and subsystems Recommendation ITU-T G.663 ITU-T G-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS AND CIRCUITS G.100G.199 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO ALL ANALOGUE CARRIER-TRANSMI
3、SSION SYSTEMS G.200G.299 INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON METALLIC LINES G.300G.399 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ON RADIO-RELAY OR SATELLITE LINKS AND INTERCONNECTION WITH METALLIC LINES G.400G.449 COORDINATION OF RADIOTEL
4、EPHONY AND LINE TELEPHONY G.450G.499 TRANSMISSION MEDIA AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS G.600G.699 General G.600G.609 Symmetric cable pairs G.610G.619 Land coaxial cable pairs G.620G.629 Submarine cables G.630G.639 Free space optical systems G.640G.649 Optical fibre cables G.650G.659 Characteris
5、tics of optical components and subsystems G.660G.679Characteristics of optical systems G.680G.699 DIGITAL TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS G.700G.799 DIGITAL NETWORKS G.800G.899 DIGITAL SECTIONS AND DIGITAL LINE SYSTEM G.900G.999 MULTIMEDIA QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE GENERIC AND USER-RELATED ASPECTS G.10
6、00G.1999 TRANSMISSION MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS G.6000G.6999 DATA OVER TRANSPORT GENERIC ASPECTS G.7000G.7999 PACKET OVER TRANSPORT ASPECTS G.8000G.8999 ACCESS NETWORKS G.9000G.9999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T G.663 (04/2011) i Recommendation ITU-T
7、G.663 Application-related aspects of optical amplifier devices and subsystems Summary Recommendation ITU-T G.663 covers application-related aspects of optical amplifier (OA) devices and subsystems, primarily those used in digital systems. Applications include both single-channel and multi-channel sy
8、stems used in point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurations for use in long-distance networks and optical access networks. The purpose of this Recommendation is to identify which aspects should be considered for each application and to specify appropriate parameter values and ranges for each
9、 type of OA device. In this version of this Recommendation, information about non-linear optical effects in Appendix II is updated. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T G.663 1996-10-18 15 2.0 ITU-T G.663 2000-04-04 15 2.1 ITU-T G.663 (2000) Amd. 1 2003-01-31 15 3.0 ITU-T G.
10、663 2011-04-13 15 ii Rec. ITU-T G.663 (04/2011) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a perma
11、nent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establis
12、hes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standa
13、rds are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recom
14、mendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents a
15、re used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed In
16、tellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had receive
17、d notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/.
18、 ITU 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T G.663 (04/2011) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Applications 4 5.1 Boos
19、ter (power) amplifier 4 5.2 Pre-amplifier . 5 5.3 Line amplifier . 5 5.4 Optically amplified transmitter . 5 5.5 Optically amplified receiver . 6 5.6 Single-channel applications 6 5.7 Multi-channel applications . 6 5.8 Point-to-point applications . 6 5.9 Point-to-multipoint applications . 6 6 Operat
20、ion, administration and maintenance aspects . 7 7 Parameter values and ranges for OFA devices . 7 7.1 Booster (power) amplifier 7 7.2 Pre-amplifier . 7 7.3 Line amplifier . 8 8 Parameter values and ranges for OFA-related aspects of OFA subsystems . 8 8.1 Optically amplified transmitter . 8 8.2 Optic
21、ally amplified receiver . 8 9 Environmental conditions . 8 10 Optical safety aspects . 8 Appendix I Parameter values and ranges for OFA devices in single-channel point-to-point systems 9 I.1 Booster (power) amplifier 9 I.2 Pre-amplifier 9 Appendix II Transmission-related aspects 11 II.1 Purpose . 11
22、 II.2 Factors influencing OA transmission applications . 11 II.3 Fibre optical non-linearities 12 II.4 Polarization properties 24 II.5 Fibre dispersion properties . 29 II.6 Other OA-related properties . 30 Appendix III Pre-amplifier parameters . 36 Appendix IV OAM aspects of OAs 39 iv Rec. ITU-T G.6
23、63 (04/2011) Page IV.1 OA subsystems . 39 IV.2 OA devices . 39 Bibliography. 40 Rec. ITU-T G.663 (04/2011) 1 Recommendation ITU-T G.663 Application-related aspects of optical amplifier devices and subsystems 1 Scope This Recommendation covers application-related aspects of optical amplifier (OA) dev
24、ices and subsystems, primarily those used in digital systems. Optical amplifiers operating in the 1550 nm region, or 1310 nm region, or other wavelength regions are included. Generic characteristics of OA devices and subsystems are described in ITU-T G.662. Applications include both single-channel a
25、nd multi-channel systems used in point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurations for use in long-distance networks and optical access networks. The purpose of this Recommendation is to identify which aspects should be considered for each application and to specify common parameter values and r
26、anges for each type of OA device (booster amplifier, pre-amplifier, and line amplifier). This Recommendation pertains to the development of new equipment including OA devices and includes guidelines to apply OA devices and OA subsystems to existing equipment. As an objective, for systems specified a
27、s transversely compatible, the degree of compatibility should not be changed by the use of OA devices. Important topics contained in this Recommendation include transmission aspects, maintenance aspects, and optical safety. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contai
28、n provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the
29、possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Re
30、commendation. ITU-T G.652 Recommendation ITU-T G.652 (2009), Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.653 Recommendation ITU-T G.653 (2010), Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted, single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.654 Recommendation ITU-T G.654 (2010), Character
31、istics of a cut-off shifted, single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.655 Recommendation ITU-T G.655 (2009), Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable. ITU-T G.661 Recommendation ITU-T G.661 (2007), Definition and test methods for the relevant generic p
32、arameters of optical amplifier devices and subsystems. ITU-T G.662 Recommendation ITU-T G.662 (2005), Generic characteristics of optical amplifier devices and subsystems. ITU-T G.664 Recommendation ITU-T G.664 (2006), Optical safety procedures and requirements for optical transport systems. ITU-T G.
33、671 Recommendation ITU-T G.671 (2009), Transmission characteristics of optical components and subsystems. 2 Rec. ITU-T G.663 (04/2011) ITU-T G.691 Recommendation ITU-T G.691 (2006), Optical interfaces for single channel STM-64 and other SDH systems with optical amplifiers. ITU-T G.692 Recommendation
34、 ITU-T G.692 (1998), Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers. ITU-T G.783 Recommendation ITU-T G.783 (2006), Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment functional blocks. ITU-T G.955 Recommendation ITU-T G.955 (1996), Digital line systems based on th
35、e 1544 kbit/s and the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy on optical fibre cables. ITU-T G.957 Recommendation ITU-T G.957 (2006), Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy. IEC 60721-3-0 IEC 60721-3-0 (1997), Classification of environmental conditions Part 3: Clas
36、sification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities. Introduction. IEC 60721-3-1 IEC 60721-3-1 (1997), Classification of environmental conditions Part 3 Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities Section 1: Storage. IEC 60721-3-2 IEC 60721-3-2 (1997),
37、 Classification of environmental conditions Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities Section 2: Transportation. IEC 60721-3-3 IEC 60721-3-3 (1994), Classification of environmental conditions Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and the
38、ir severities Section 3: Stationary use at weatherprotected locations. IEC 60721-3-4 IEC 60721-3-4 (1995), Classification of environmental conditions Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities Section 4: Stationary use at non-weatherprotected locations. IEC 608
39、25-1 IEC 60825-1 (2007), Safety of laser products Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements. IEC 60825-2 IEC 60825-2 (2010), Safety of laser products Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS). IEC/TR 61282-3 IEC/TR 61282-3 (2006), Fibre optic communication system design gu
40、ides Part 3: Calculation of link polarization mode dispersion. 3 Definitions For the purpose of this Recommendation, the definitions given in ITU-T G.661 and ITU-T G.662 apply. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AM Amplitude Modulation APR
41、 Automatic Power Reduction ASE Amplified Spontaneous Emission ASK Amplitude Shift Keying BA Booster (power) Amplifier Rec. ITU-T G.663 (04/2011) 3 BER Bit Error Ratio CD Chromatic Dispersion CMC Coherent Multichannel CW Continuous Wave DA Dispersion Accommodation DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying
42、 DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying EDFA Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifier FDM Frequency-Division Multiplexing FWHM Full Width at Half Maximum FWM Four-Wave Mixing IFWM Intra-channel Four-Wave Mixing IXPM Intra-channel Cross-Phase Modulation LA Line Amplifier LOS Loss of Signal MI Modulatio
43、n Instability NPN Non-linear Phase Noise NRZ Non-Return to Zero OA Optical Amplifier OAM Operation, Administration and Maintenance OAN Optically Amplified Network OAR Optically Amplified Receiver OAT Optically Amplified Transmitter OFA Optical Fibre Amplifier OFDM Optical Frequency Domain Multiplexi
44、ng PA Pre-Amplifier PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDL Polarization Dependent Loss PHB Polarization Hole Burning PM Phase Modulation PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion PSK Phase Shift Keying QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying RZ Return to Zero SBS Stimulated Brillouin Scattering SDH Synchronous
45、Digital Hierarchy SMF Single-Mode Fibre 4 Rec. ITU-T G.663 (04/2011) SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio SOA Semiconductor Optical Amplifier SPM Self-Phase Modulation SRS Stimulated Raman Scattering TRE Terminal Receiver Equipment WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing XPM Cross-Phase Modulation 5 Applications
46、Application of OAs in optical transmission systems offers a number of advantages. Chief among these advantages is the ability to realize very significant unrepeated system lengths as well as very long unregenerated system lengths. Deployment of OAs is likely to permit the retirement of many existing
47、 conventional regenerator sites and, in the case of new routes, to render unnecessary the construction of many new sites. OAs also enable serious consideration of new optical system architectures for application in terrestrial and submarine long haul, and access networks. Two examples of this are wa
48、velength division multiplexing and point-to-multipoint applications, approaches heretofore generally considered prohibitively complex and expensive. OAs also offer potential advantages with respect to network upgrade options due to their independence from modulation format and bit rate. However, the
49、 application of OAs also brings to light some new and potentially serious system impairments, which result from the high power levels produced by the OAs and the long distances between regeneration. These transmission effects include optical fibre non-linearities, polarization effects and effects due to the amplification characteristics of the OA itself. Chromatic dispersion also becomes increasingly significant for the long unregenerated systems enabled by the OA. In a
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