1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T H.248.11TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (03/2013) SERIES H: AUDIOVISUAL AND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMSInfrastructure of audiovisual services Communication procedures Gateway control protocol: Media gateway overload control package Recommendation I
2、TU-T H.248.11 ITU-T H-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS AUDIOVISUAL AND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS OF VISUAL TELEPHONE SYSTEMS H.100H.199 INFRASTRUCTURE OF AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES General H.200H.219 Transmission multiplexing and synchronization H.220H.229 Systems aspects H.230H.239 Communication procedure
3、s H.240H.259Coding of moving video H.260H.279 Related systems aspects H.280H.299 Systems and terminal equipment for audiovisual services H.300H.349 Directory services architecture for audiovisual and multimedia services H.350H.359 Quality of service architecture for audiovisual and multimedia servic
4、es H.360H.369 Supplementary services for multimedia H.450H.499 MOBILITY AND COLLABORATION PROCEDURES Overview of Mobility and Collaboration, definitions, protocols and procedures H.500H.509 Mobility for H-Series multimedia systems and services H.510H.519 Mobile multimedia collaboration applications
5、and services H.520H.529 Security for mobile multimedia systems and services H.530H.539 Security for mobile multimedia collaboration applications and services H.540H.549 Mobility interworking procedures H.550H.559 Mobile multimedia collaboration inter-working procedures H.560H.569 BROADBAND, TRIPLE-P
6、LAY AND ADVANCED MULTIMEDIA SERVICES Broadband multimedia services over VDSL H.610H.619 Advanced multimedia services and applications H.620H.629 Ubiquitous sensor network applications and Internet of Things H.640H.649 IPTV MULTIMEDIA SERVICES AND APPLICATIONS FOR IPTV General aspects H.700H.719 IPTV
7、 terminal devices H.720H.729 IPTV middleware H.730H.739 IPTV application event handling H.740H.749 IPTV metadata H.750H.759 IPTV multimedia application frameworks H.760H.769 IPTV service discovery up to consumption H.770H.779 Digital Signage H.780H.789 For further details, please refer to the list o
8、f ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T H.248.11 (03/2013) i Recommendation ITU-T H.248.11 Gateway control protocol: Media gateway overload control package Summary Recommendation ITU-T H.248.11 describes a package for media gateway (MG) overload control for use with the ITU-T H.248.1 gateway control pro
9、tocol. It serves to protect an MG from processing overload that prevents the timely execution of ITU-T H.248.1 transactions. In summary, in this Recommendation, overload protection is achieved as follows: 1) An MG (or virtual MG) detects that it is in overload and notifies its media gateway controll
10、er (MGC) of that fact whenever it receives an ADD command. 2) The MGC adaptively throttles the rate at which it sets up calls using that MG (or virtual MG) to maximize the MGs effective throughput whilst bounding its response times. It does this by throttling the rate at which transactions that set
11、up new calls or that new call legs are sent to the overloaded MG, so as to cause the rate of overload notifications the MGC receives from the overloaded MG (or virtual MG) to converge to a suitably low level. A separate instance of the overload control shall be initiated at an MGC for each of its de
12、pendent MGs (or virtual MGs) that is overloaded. These separate instances should run independently (that is, they do not explicitly exchange information). Their overload control parameters shall be separately configurable, for example, by means of a proprietary management interface, or the use of SN
13、MP to invoke configuration functions. The most general overload scenario the control can handle is where one or more MGCs are jointly overloading a single MG that has several virtual MGs (virtual MG i interacting only with MGC i). The control does not need to know how many MGCs are causing the MG to
14、 be overloaded, nor what the MG capacity is. Informative reference b-Oftel provides a full explanation of one way this can be achieved, and informative reference b-Whitehead provides further material on designing overload controls. The overload control is largely specified by saying how it shall beh
15、ave, but not how it should be implemented to achieve that behaviour. This has two important consequences. As a first consequence, part of the package (see clause 8.5) defines a set of overload scenarios, and any fully-compliant implementation of the package must automatically (i.e., without the need
16、 for operator intervention to adjust parameter values from one overload scenario to another) satisfy all the requirements for each of the scenarios. As a second consequence, not all configurable parameters can be known to this package since they depend upon specific implementations of the control. N
17、evertheless, there is a requirement that the implementation shall provide a means by which an operator can change all parameters which affect the performance of the control. See clause 9 for the management requirements associated with this package. It is expected that they will be realized by a prop
18、rietary management interface, or the use of SNMP. This revision adds a note indicating a way for a media gateway to ensure prompt delivery of overload indications. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T H.248.11 2002-11-29 16 1.1 ITU-T H.248.11 (2002) Cor. 1 2008-06-13 16 2.0
19、ITU-T H.248.11 2013-03-16 16 ii Rec. ITU-T H.248.11 (03/2013) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU
20、-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four y
21、ears, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the ne
22、cessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. Howe
23、ver, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative
24、 equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use o
25、f a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, I
26、TU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.i
27、tu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T H.248.11 (03/2013) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 5 Ov
28、erload Control package 3 5.1 Properties 3 5.2 Events . 4 6 Signals 4 7 Statistics 4 8 Procedures 4 8.1 Actions at overloaded MG (or virtual MG) 4 8.2 Actions at an MGC . 5 8.3 Bounding MG response times in the steady-state 9 8.4 Bounding offered rates to MG during initial overload transient 10 8.5 R
29、ange of overload scenarios . 10 8.6 Normalization of the control loop 10 9 Management requirements for ITU-T H.248.11 . 11 9.1 An approximate performance analysis of leaky bucket restrictors 11 9.2 Configuration of leaky bucket restrictors at MGC . 15 9.3 Configuration of proprietary parameters rela
30、ting to overload detection at an MG . 16 9.4 Configuration of proprietary parameters relating to control activation at an MGC 16 9.5 Configuration of proprietary parameters relating to adaptation of admitted rate at an MGC . 16 9.6 Configuration of control termination at an MGC . 16 9.7 MGC statisti
31、cs 17 Bibliography. 18 Rec. ITU-T H.248.11 (03/2013) 1 Recommendation ITU-T H.248.11 Gateway control protocol: Media gateway overload control package 1 Scope This Recommendation describes a package for the ITU-T H.248.1 gateway protocol related to media gateway overload control. With the root termin
32、ation implementing this package, a gateway is expected to report MG_Overload events to a media gateway controller. The following MGC/MG characteristics are required for this package to work effectively: 1) The applications consist of individual point-to-point calls between two end users, and of call
33、s involving several additional call legs (for example, a conference call where an MG hosts a conference bridge). 2) Point-to-point call set-up using an MG typically involves no more than two ADD commands requested by its MGC. An example of the applications covered by such an MGC is real-time convers
34、ational voice transported using TDM, ATM, IP or frame relay. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. Al
35、l Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is re
36、gularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T H.248.1 Recommendation ITU-T H.248.1 (2013), Gateway control protocol: Version 3. ITU-T Q.543 Recommendation ITU-T Q.543 (1993), Digital exchan
37、ge performance design objectives. ITU-T Q.714 Recommendation ITU-T Q.714 (2001), Signalling connection control part procedures. 3 Definitions This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.1 call: In this package, “Call“ means a generic term, meaningful only to MGCs, related to the establishment
38、 of a path to carry user data between end users via an MG. Normally a qualifier is necessary to make clear the aspect being considered, e.g., call attempt. 3.2 call attempt: In this package, “Call Attempt“ means an attempt to set up a call. 3.3 load: In this package, “Load“ means the total number of
39、 “call attempts“ in a given interval of time (i.e., offered load). This definition is motivated by alignment with performance objectives of ITU-T Q.543. 3.4 MG overload and MG capacity: In this package, “MG Overload“ means that the MG (or virtual MG) is close to being unable to respond to MGC transa
40、ctions in a sufficiently timely manner to avoid the calling customer abandoning the call in set up. 2 Rec. ITU-T H.248.11 (03/2013) This definition is motivated by the need to maximize the calls/second handled by the MG subject to keeping most MG response times short enough to prevent customers from
41、 abandoning a call before it is established end-to-end between the calling and the called customers. In this package, “MG Capacity“ means the calling rate (calls/second) at which the MG detects it is in MG Overload. Thus the MG capacity depends on the specific sequence of ITU-T H.248.1 commands (ADD
42、, MODIFY, etc.) which implement the calls, as well as on the processing power of the MG. The precise way MG overload is detected is likely to be implementation-specific, since different suppliers switches are likely to have different architectures. Overload detection could, for example, be based on
43、the use of processor occupancy thresholds, or queue thresholds or internal delay thresholds. Each overload detection scheme would have an associated set of configurable parameters, which however cannot in general be known to this package. Despite this, an operator will need to be able to configure a
44、n MGs overload detection scheme to ensure suitably short response times under overload. It is therefore necessary for the MG/MGC implementation to provide a means for an operator to configure such parameters via, for example, a proprietary management interface, or the use of SNMP, not the ITU-T H.24
45、8.1 interface. Clause 9 gives the management requirements for this package. There may be MG resources (e.g., codecs, ATM bandwidth, tone generators) whose congestion, although preventing a call from being set up, does not prevent timely response of the MG to MGC transactions. Congestion of those res
46、ources must not cause MGC overload control (as defined in this package) to be invoked. The reasons for this are that: a) congestion of such resources does not (by definition) prevent timely response to MGC transactions; and b) it is probably more appropriate to flag such congestion via existing ITU-
47、T H.248.1 error messages in order to trigger a capacity upgrade of the congested resource. 3.5 leaky bucket: This package requires the MGC to restrict the rate it admits calls to an MG which has reported that it is congested. Any one of the following three types of leaky bucket is acceptable for use
48、 as a call restrictor with this package, provided its implementation can be configured to cover the required range of admitted rates implied by the set of overload control scenarios given in clause 8.5. See clause 9 for an approximate performance analysis. Type 1 leaky bucket: This is a count which
49、decreases by a configurable LeakAmount every LeakInterval (subject to not falling below 0), and which increases by a configurable SplashAmount at each call arrival (subject to not exceeding the configurable MaximumFill count). A call which arrives to find the count less than or equal to the MaximumFill SplashAmount is admitted (and the count is incremented by SplashAmount); otherwise, the call is rejected and the count is not incremented. The maximum sustained admitted rate is approximately (LeakAmount/SplashAmount)/LeakI
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