1、INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION CCITT THE INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CONSULTATIVE COMM ITTEE DIRECTIVES concerning the protection of telecommunication lines against harmful effects from electric power and electrified railway lines VOLUME IV INDUCING-CURRENTS AND VOLTAGES IN ELECTRIF
2、IED RAILWAY SYSTEMS Geneva 1989 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION CCITT THE INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CON SULTATIVE COM M IlTEE DIRECTIVES concerning the protection of telecommunication lines against harmful effects from electric power and electrified railway lines VOLUME IV INDUCING
3、-CURRENTS AND VOLTAGES IN ELECTRIFIED RAI LWAY SYSTEMS Geneva 1989 ISBN 92-61 -04051 -9 E 4Bb259L 0680368 050 111 0 I.T.U. Li862591 0680367 T77 PREFACE The rapid development of new technologies in telecommunications, electric power transmission and distrib- ution, and e!ectric railway systems has ma
4、de the earlier issue of the Directives (1960 edition) out-of-date and this farmer issue is therefore being replaced completely. The present Directives (I988 edition) have been established by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCIT) to give clear advice on how adverse e
5、lectromagnetic effects on telecommunications lines from nearby electric power or electric railway installations may be minimized. The Directives have been based on the latest information that is available. The new Directives have been prepared in close cooperation with the following international or
6、ganizations : - the International Union of Railways (UIC) - the International Conference on Large High Voltage Electric Systems (CIGRE). Representatives from these organizations have participated in preparation of the text of the Directives. The two organizations support the underlying principles fr
7、om which these texts have been derived, and the guidelines in the Directives which have been given. Such guidelines normally relate to general cases which are described. It is left to national organizations to establish more detailed regulations which apply to particular cases. The new Directives ar
8、e divided into a series of separate volumes, each dealing with a particular part of the complete subject. Each volume can be used independently. Modem calculation methods which are suitable for compu- ter techniques have been incorporated. Numerical values are used to define desirable limits which s
9、hould be followed when the recommended technical measures are taken. In general, it should not be necessary io exceed these limits, although some special cases may arise where it is either uneconomical or impractical to do so (e.g. in narrow valleys). In such cases, mutual agree- ment based on the p
10、rinciples set out in the Directives should be reached. Guidance on administration, economic and particularly legislation matters have been omitted deliberately since they are considered to be outside the technical scope of the advice given in the new Directives. In consequence, the rules of procedur
11、e which should be followed by telecommunications operators, and electric power and electric rail- way authorities have not been covered. Nevertheless, the three international organizations which have worked together to produce the new Direc- “Telecommunications, electric power and electric railway a
12、uthorities should work together closely and fol- low the new Directives when seeking solutions to mutual problems. The solutions chosen should be those most accept- able and economical overall, and should not confer undue advantages to any participant. tives, CCIT, UIC and CIGRE, recommend that : We
13、, the undersigned, representing the three organizations, CCIT, UIC and CIGRE, support the work done jointly on behalf of our organizations in producing these Directives. We recommend these Directives to members of CCITT, UIC and CIGRE who seek solutions to mutual disturbance problems.” Th. IRMER Dir
14、ector of the CCiT J. BOULEY Secretary-General of UIC G. LEROY Secreta ry- General of CIGRE TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 . INTRODUCTION . Aim and scope of the Directives Structure of the Directives . 1.2.1 Content of individual volumes . 1.2.2 Use of the Directives 1.2.2.1 When studying coupling
15、processes in general . 1.2.2.2 1.2.2.3 1.1 1.2 When establishing standards or similar regulations . When dealing with danger and disturbance problems in practice . 1.3 Purpose and structure of Volume IV CHAPTER 2 . 2.1 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRIFIED RAILWAY SYSTEMS AC electrificd railway system
16、s 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 Feeder sub-station 2.1.1.1 Railway sub-stations with single-phase transformers . 2.1.1.2 2.1.1.3 2.1.1.4 Railway sub-stations with autotransformers 5 . Railway sub-stations with frequency converters Impedance of the high voltage (HV) network Contact line system (see also Volume I
17、) . 2.1.2.1 Rail return systems (Case A) . 2.1.2.2 Contact line system with booster transformers (BT system) 103 . 2.1.2.3 Contact line system equipped with autotransformers (AT system) . Electric traction units . 2.1.3.1 Electric traction units with single-phase motors 2.1.3.2 Electric traction uni
18、ts with part-cycle current motors (without filter) 2.1.3.3 2.1.3.4 Electric traction units with part-cycle current motors (with filter) . Thyristor controlled electric traction units with asynchronous motors . 2.2 DC electrified railway system . 2.2.1 Feeder sub-stations . 2.2.1.1 Sub-stations as so
19、urces of disturbance . 2.2.1.2 Sub-stations as receivers . 7 7 7 7 10 14 19 20 20 24 30 34 34 34 34 37 45 45 45 47 V Previous page is blank . Volume iV . Table of Contents 48b2591 Ob80371 645 2.2.2 Contact line system 2.2.3 Electric traction units . 2.2.3.1 DC commutator motors with starter rheostat
20、s 2.2.3.2 Chopper technique 2.2.3.3 Converter technique with synchronous and asynchronous motors 2.3 Passenger cars . diesel traction 2.3.1 Static converter in the car . 2.3.2 Electric power supply in passenger cars . 2.3.3 Determination of disturbances caused by passenger cars with diesel traction
21、CHAPTER 3 . CALCULATION OF INDUCING CURRENTS AND VOLTAGES IN AC ELECTRIFIED RAILWAY SYSTEMS 3.1 Capacitive coupling provided by AC electrified railway lines . 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 General Matrix calculation method . 3.1.2.1 Calculation of induced voltages and currents provided by capa
22、citive coupling 3.1.2.2 Calculation of the capacitance per unit length of the contact line Equivalent conductor method . 3.1.3.1 Voltages and currents calculation 3.1.3.2 Calculation of the capacitance per unit length of the contact line Calculation results Contact line voltage used in the calculati
23、on of dangerous potentials . Contact line voltage used in the calculation of disturbance by way of the two- conductor method . 3.1.6.1 Calculation of the inducing contact line voltage involving propagation effects . 3.1.6.2 Calculation of the inducing contact line voltage. disregarding propagation e
24、ffects . 3.2 Inductive coupling produced by AC electrified railway lha . 3.2.1 General 3.2.2 Multiconductor methods . 3.2.2.1 3.2.2.2 Equivalent circuit of a single-phase system equipped with booster transformers connected to the rails (Case B) 3.2.2.3 Equivalent circuit of a single-phase system equ
25、ipped with booster transformers and return conductors (Case C) . 3.2.2.4 Equivalent circuits of the two-phase system equipped with an autotransformer with mid-point connected to the rails (Case AT) 3.2.2.5 Calculation of inducing currents posing danger to personnel . Equivalent circuits of the singl
26、e-phase system with rail return (Case A) Page 49 49 49 51 56 59 59 59 61 65 65 65 65 65 69 69 69 73 73 74 74 74 77 78 78 78 78 84 86 93 100 VI Volume IV . Table OP Contents 3.2.2.6 Calculations of inducing currents causing disturbance in tclccomiiiunication circuits . 3.2.2.7 Equivalent circuits of
27、the various electrified railway systems for double- track lines . 3.2.2.8 Equivalent circuit of the two-phase system equipped with an autotransformer taking into account the effect of rails connected to the ends of the feeder section Calculation of e.m.f. induced in the sheath-earth circuit 3.2.2.9
28、3.2.3 Two-conductor method Rail return single-phase system (Case A) Single-phase system equipped with booster transformer connected to the rails (Case B) 3.2.3.1 3.2.3.2 CHAPTER 4 . CALCULATION OF INDUCING CURRENTS AND VOLTAGES IN DC ELECTRIFIED 4.1 4.2 RAILWAY SYSTEMS Capacitive coupling provided b
29、y DC electrified railway lines . 4.1.1 General 4.1.2 Methods of calculating the currents and voltages due to the capacitive coupling 4.1.2.1 Matrix calculation method 4.1.2.2 Equivalent conductor method Contact line voltage to be used in calculating disturbance by way . of the two- conductor method
30、. 4.1.3.1 Calculation of the contact line voltage taking into account the sub-stations as sources of harmonics 4.1.3.2 Calculation of the contact line voltage considering the traction units as sources of harmonics . 4.1.3.3 Calculation of the total contact line voltage Inductive coupling provided by
31、 DC electrified railway lines . 4.2.1 General 4.2.2 Calculation of the inducing current using multiconductor methods . 4.2.2.1 Equivalent circuits of the system with rail return 4.2.2.2 Equivalent circuit of the double-track railway line 4.2.2.3 Equivalent circuits of the system with rail return tak
32、ing into account the effect of rails connected to the ends of the feeder section Calculation of induced e.m.f. 4.1.3 4.2.2.4 4.2.3 Calculation of the inducing current by using the two-conductor method . Calculation of the contact line current . Calculation of the rail screening effect Calculation of
33、 the inducing current . 4.2.3.1 4.2.3.2 4.2.3.3 Calculation of the induced longitudinal e.m.f. for a short circuit on a DC electrified railway line 4.2.4 References . Volume IV . Table of Contents Page 101 102 103 107 108 109 116 119 119 19 119 119 119 119 119 121 123 123 123 123 123 127 127 127 128
34、 128 132 132 132 133 VI1 lsl 4b259L Ob0373 418 Page Annex 1 . 135 Annex 2 . 143 Annex 3 . 145 Annex 4 . 156 Annex 5 . 159 Annex 6 . 160 Annex 7 . 162 Annex 8 . 163 Annex 9 . 168 Annex 10 . 172 Annex 11 . 177 Annex 12 . 184 Annex 13 . 189 Annex 14 . 196 Annex 15 . 206 Annex 16 . 215 Annex 17 . 220 VI
35、11 Volume IV . Table of Contents 111 48b259L Ob80374 35Y CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Aim and scope of the Directives The present Directives supersede the 1963 edition approved by the 2nd Plenary Assembly of CCIT in New Delhi 1960. The 1963 Directives were amended in 1965, 1974, 1978 and 1982. They pr
36、ovided a comprehensive description of electromagnetic effects due to the close proximity of telecommunication lines to power and electrified railway systems, containing regularly updated findings in this field and reflecting the current state of the art. Analyses have shown, however, that in spite o
37、f these advantages, the 1963 Directives are not used as widely as expected. The main reasons for this are believed to be that the 1963 Directives form a very bulky book which is hard to handle and in which theoretical considerations tend to prevail over practical advice. Calculation methods and the
38、related models were developed before modem computer technology was available. Since the 1963 Directives reflected the principal arrangements which appeared in the original first issue in 1925, many cross-references became necessary as new clauses were added. In consequence, the VIIth Plenary Assembl
39、y of CCiT in Geneva 1980 decided to revise the 1963 Directives completely and entrusted Study Group V with the task of producing new Directives for publication in 1988. The new Directives are intended to meet a number of requirements, particularly those sought by engineers in the field. Nevertheless
40、, the valuable background advice contained in the 1963 Directives is retained and even ex- panded wherever relevant. As a result, the new Directives should be useful: - to practising engineers who seek guidelines on how to deal with danger and disturbance problems; - to scientists and researchers wh
41、o need a reference book with the most recent findings; - to students who require a textbook with which to become acquainted with electromagnetic coupling phenomena; - to Administrations which need to have a basis to form national regulations and standards. The new Directives have been prepared as a
42、result of close collaboration between many members of CCIT, CIGRE and the UIC. They therefore describe technical methods for solving mutual problems which are recognized by these international organizations and which should facilitate coordination between member organizations in user coun- tries. Th
43、e principal object of the new Directives is to describe ways in which adverse effects from power transmission and distribution lines or from electrified railway lines onto telecommunication lines can be reduced or avoided. Such effects may result in danger to personnel, damage to telecommunication e
44、quipment, deterioration of telecommunication transmission quality or to disturbance of signalling. Although the advice given in the new Directives has been described for public telecommunication networks, the basic principles have a more general application, and owners of other networks should decid
45、e whether they can be adapted to their own needs. Volume IV - Chap. 1 1 Li862591 Ob80375 290 1.2 Structure of the Directives 1.2.1 Content of individual volumes The new Directives are divided into 9 volumes, each dealing with a separate part of the ovcall subject matter. The series is made up as fol
46、lows: Volume I Volume II Volume III Volume IV Volume V Volume VI Volume VI1 Volume VI11 Volume IX “Design, construction and operational principles of telecommunication, power and electrified railway facilities“ describes these systems and shows why conditions for their mutual coexistence must be est
47、ablished. “Calculating induced voltages and currents in practical cases“ describes the methods for evaluating voltages and currents resulting from capacitive, inductive and conductive coupling in a variety of commonly-encountered situations. “Capacitive, inductive and conductive coupling: physical t
48、heory and calculation methods“ gives an account of the physical laws governing the relevant phenomena together with mathematical models, and introduces a precise calculation method to evaluate voltages and currents resulting from couplings. “Inducing currents and voltages in electrified railway syst
49、ems“ describes traction systems using d.c. and a.c. at various frequencies (16 2/3 Hz, 50 Hz, 60 Hz etc.) in normal operation and under fault conditions. “Inducing currents and voltages in power transmission and distribution systems“ describes unbalanced and balanced power systems in normal operation and under fault conditions. “Danger and disturbance“ considers the risk to both equipment and people. “Protective measures and safety precautions“ describes methods which are commonly used to ensure satisfactory working and operating conditions. “Protective devices“ gives the latest
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