1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T K.121 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (12/2016) SERIES K: PROTECTION AGAINST INTERFERENCE Guidance on the environmental management for compliance with radio frequency EMF limits for radiocommunication base s
2、tations Recommendation ITU-T K.121 Rec. ITU-T K.121 (12/2016) i Recommendation ITU-T K.121 Guidance on the environmental management for compliance with radio frequency EMF limits for radiocommunication base stations Summary Recommendation ITU-T K.121 gives guidance on how to manage the compliance wi
3、th RF-EMF limits in areas near to radiocommunication installations and how to establish processes for responding to public concern about exposure to RF-EMF. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T K.121 2016-12-14 5 11.1002/1000/13137 Keywords Environmental managemen
4、t, public concern, radiocommunication base stations, RF-EMF. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T K.121 (12/2016)
5、FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for stud
6、ying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study grou
7、ps which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with I
8、SO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisio
9、ns (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such
10、 words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position
11、concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected
12、by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of thi
13、s publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T K.121 (12/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 3 4 Abbreviations and acr
14、onyms 3 5 General guidance 4 6 Environmental RF-EMF compliance management system 5 6.1 Operator environmental RF-EMF compliance management system . 5 6.2 Municipality environmental RF-EMF compliance competence 5 7 RCA procedure for RBS . 5 8 Site RF-EMF compliance assessment at the design stage 5 8.
15、1 Investigation method 5 8.2 Theoretical calculation methods . 6 8.3 Assessment method based on similar RBS 6 9 Influence of the surrounding environment on RF EMF compliance 6 10 Information procedure to the community in the process of deployment of RBS . 6 11 RF-EMF compliance management for operat
16、ing RBS . 7 11.1 Selection of RBS for measurement 7 11.2 Management of the RF-EMF compliance 7 12 Report of RCA 7 13 RF-EMF protection measures . 8 13.1 Measures to prevent public access close to the antennas . 8 13.2 Management measures for the zones exceeding the general public limit values 8 14 R
17、F-EMF risk communication . 8 Appendix I RF-EMF exposure limits 10 I.1 Introduction 10 I.2 ICNIRP exposure limits . 10 I.3 Implications of arbitrary exposure limits . 11 Bibliography. 12 Rec. ITU-T K.121 (12/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T K.121 Guidance on the environmental management for compliance wi
18、th radio frequency EMF limits for radiocommunication base stations 1 Scope With the rapid development of radiocommunication technology, radiocommunication base station (RBS) facilities are widely installed in areas close to peoples living environment. Base stations which are installed in residential
19、 areas might be the objects of complaint and protest because of concerns mainly about possible health risks from exposure to RF-EMF. Community opposition also brings challenges to the telecommunications operators in respect of construction, operation and maintenance. So the environmental management
20、of compliance with RF-EMF limits is increasingly important, not only for governments but also for operators. The purpose of this Recommendation is: to provide guidance on the environmental management of compliance with RF-EMF human exposure standards for radiocommunication base stations; to promote
21、the harmonization of environmental management for RF-EMF emissions for telecommunications operators, and give advice on its effective management; to proactively identify the RF-EMF environment in areas surrounding radiocommunication base stations, and also promote the sustainable development of wire
22、less communication technology. Portable RF-EMF transmitters are outside the scope of this Recommendation. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publi
23、cation, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of th
24、e currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T K.52 Recommendation ITU-T K.52 (2004), Guidance on complying with limits for human exposure to ele
25、ctromagnetic fields. ITU-T K.61 Recommendation ITU-T K.61 (2003), Guidance to measurement and numerical prediction of electromagnetic fields for compliance with human exposure limits for telecommunication installations. ITU-T K.70 Recommendation ITU-T K.70 (2007), Mitigation techniques to limit huma
26、n exposure to EMFs in the vicinity of radiocommunication stations. ITU-T K.83 Recommendation ITU-T K.83 (2011), Monitoring of electromagnetic field levels. ITU-T K.91 Recommendation ITU-T K.91 (2012), Guidance for assessment, evaluation and monitoring of human exposure to radio frequency electromagn
27、etic fields. ITU-T K.97 Recommendation ITU-T K.97 (2014), Lightning protection of distributed base stations. 2 Rec. ITU-T K.121 (12/2016) ITU-T K.100 Recommendation ITU-T K.100 (2014), Measurement of radio frequency electromagnetic fields to determine compliance with human exposure limits when a bas
28、e station is put into service. ITU-T K.113 Recommendation ITU-T K.113 (2015), Generation of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) level maps. ITU-T K Suppl. 1 K Supplement 1 (2014), ITU-T K.91 Guide on electromagnetic fields and health. ITU-T K Suppl. 4 K Supplement 4 (2015), ITU-T K.91 Elec
29、tromagnetic field considerations in smart sustainable cities. IEC 62232 IEC 62232 (2011), Determination of RF field strength and SAR in the vicinity of radiocommunication base stations for the purpose of evaluating human exposure. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses th
30、e following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 antenna ITU-T K.70: Device that serves as a transducer between a guided wave (e.g., coaxial cable) and a free space wave, or vice versa. It can be used to emit or receive a radio signal. In this Recommendation the term antenna is used only for emitting ante
31、nna(s). 3.1.2 assessment domain boundary (ADB) ITU-T K.100: Boundary surrounding an antenna of the equipment under test (EUT) outside of which measurements do not need to be conducted. The ADB defines the maximum possible measurement area where the source is considered to be relevant. 3.1.3 exposure
32、 ITU-T K.52: Exposure occurs wherever a person is subjected to electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields or to contact currents other than those originating from physiological processes in the body or other natural phenomena. 3.1.4 exposure level ITU-T K.52: Exposure level is the value of the qua
33、ntity used when a person is exposed to electromagnetic fields or contact currents. 3.1.5 exposure limits ITU-T K.70: Values of the basic restrictions or reference levels acknowledged, according to obligatory regulations, as the limits for the permissible maximum level of the human exposure to the el
34、ectromagnetic fields. 3.1.6 electric field strength (E) ITU-T K.83: Magnitude of a field vector at a point that represents the force (F) on a small test charge (q) divided by the charge: qFEThe electric field strength is expressed in units of volt per metre (V/m). 3.1.7 electromagnetic field (EMF) I
35、TU-T K.91: A field determined by a set of four interrelated vector quantities that characterizes, together with the electric current density and the volumic electric charge, the electric and magnetic conditions of a material medium or of a vacuum. 3.1.8 power density (S) ITU-T K.52: Power flux-densi
36、ty is the power per unit area normal to the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation, usually expressed in units of watts per square metre (W/m2). In this Recommendation, this term is commonly used to refer to equivalent plane wave power density. Rec. ITU-T K.121 (12/2016) 3 NOTE For plane wave
37、s, power flux-density, electric field strength (E), and magnetic field strength (H) are related by the intrinsic impedance of free space, Z0 377 or 120 . In particular, Where E and H are expressed in units of V/m and A/m, respectively, and S in units of W/m2. Although many survey instruments indicat
38、e power density units, the actual quantities measured are EorH. 3.1.9 power density, plane-wave equivalent (Seq) ITU-T K.52: The equivalent plane-wave power density is a commonly used term associated with any electric or magnetic field, that is equal in magnitude to the power flux-density of a plane
39、 wave having the same electric (E) or magnetic (H) field strength. 3.1.10 radiocommunication base station (RBS) ITU-T K.97: Installation intended to provide access to the telecommunication system by means of radio waves. 3.1.11 radio frequency (RF) ITU-T K.70: Any frequency at which electromagnetic
40、radiation is useful for telecommunication. NOTE In this Recommendation, radiofrequency refers to the frequency range of 9 kHz 300 GHz allocated by ITU-R Radio Regulations. 3.1.12 reference levels ITU-T K.70: Reference levels are provided for the purpose of comparison with exposure quantities in air.
41、 The reference levels are expressed as electric field strength (E), magnetic field strength (H) and power density (S) values. In this Recommendation the reference levels are used for the exposure assessment. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following term: 3.2
42、.1 RF-EMF compliance assessment (RCA): The procedure used to assess the RF-EMF compliance of a proposed RBS or modification to existing RBS and to respond effectively to public concern. The formal process may differ between countries and this Recommendation does not replace national requirements. It
43、 may be used to update existing policies or develop new requirements. The purpose of the RCA is to ensure that the operator of the RBS can demonstrate compliance with RF-EMF limits and that they have responded to public concerns about the proposal. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation us
44、es the following abbreviations and acronyms: ADB Assessment Domain Boundary EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power EM Electromagnetic EMF Electromagnetic Field EUT Equipment Under Test FG-SSC ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities ICNIRP International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Pro
45、tection RBS Radiocommunication Base Station RCA RF-EMF Compliance Assessment EHHZZES eq 20024 Rec. ITU-T K.121 (12/2016) RF Radio Frequency SAR Specific Absorption Rate 5 General guidance In different countries or different regions, the process for obtaining authorization for a new or modified RBS m
46、ay be different. This Recommendation focuses on RF-EMF compliance and addressing public concern. It does not deal with civil works or other aspects on RBS siting. In general the RF-EMF Compliance Assessment (RCA) process for low power RBS, small cells, repeater antennae mounted away from public acce
47、ss areas and indoor distribution systems, should be simpler and based on ITU-T K.100. Where countries have adopted national RF-EMF limits it is recommended that a clear policy statement or other regulatory instrument is used to ensure that local authorities or municipalities cannot reject an RBS pro
48、posal on RF-EMF grounds (i.e., from a compliance to EMF exposure limits point of view) if it complies with the national limits. Mobile networks evolve in response to the growth of voice, data traffic, new technologies and new usages and this may require modifications to existing sites, such as capac
49、ity expansions including new operating channels and frequencies, changes to transmitter powers, antenna orientations or antenna types. Policies should be adopted that allow for these modifications. Modifications to existing sites shall ensure that the site remains compliant with RF-EMF exposure limits. In regard to RF-EMF compliance guidance on criteria for RBS, site assessments are included in ITU-T K.52, ITU-T K.100 and the FG-SSC technical report ITU-T K Suppl. 4. RF-EMF levels decreas
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