1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T K.92TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (05/2012) SERIES K: PROTECTION AGAINST INTERFERENCE Conducted and radiated electromagnetic environment in home networking Recommendation ITU-T K.92 Rec. ITU-T K.92 (05/2012) i Recommendation ITU-T K.92 C
2、onducted and radiated electromagnetic environment in home networking Summary Recommendation ITU-T K.92 describes the home networking electromagnetic environment. It gives the typical conducted and radiated phenomena in the home networking environment, the attributes of the home networking environmen
3、t and the specification of disturbance characteristics and levels. This Recommendation also provides guidance on how to evaluate the electromagnetic (EM) environment in home networking. This Recommendation also provides several case studies about the home networking environment and information on ho
4、w to evaluate the electromagnetic (EM) environment in home networking. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T K.92 2012-05-29 5 Keywords Electromagnetic environment, home networking. ii Rec. ITU-T K.92 (05/2012) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the U
5、nited Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recomm
6、endations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The a
7、pproval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administ
8、ration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compl
9、iance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation i
10、s required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed In
11、tellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendati
12、on. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, withou
13、t the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T K.92 (05/2012) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Term defined elsewhere . 1 3.2 Term defined in this Recommendation 1 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Home networking environment 3 5.1 Description of home networ
14、king environment . 3 5.2 Equipment installed in the home networking environment 3 6 Typical phenomena in home networking environment 4 7 Disturbance characteristics and levels 5 7.1 Attributes of home networking environment . 5 7.2 Specification of disturbance characteristics and levels 6 8 Guidance
15、 on how to evaluate EM characteristics in the home networking environment 7 8.1 Preparation for the evaluation 7 8.2 Measurement 8 8.3 Monitoring of the EM environment . 9 8.4 Analysis and mitigation 10 8.5 Evaluation report 11 Appendix I Case studies in home networking environments 12 I.1 Checklist
16、 of case studies . 12 I.2 Template for case studies . 13 I.3 Case studies 14 Appendix II Evaluation of the EM environment in home networking . 22 II.1 Methods for finding EM sources in actual environments 22 II.2 Flow chart for solving EMI problems of home networking equipment . 23 Bibliography. 24
17、Rec. ITU-T K.92 (05/2012) 1 Recommendation ITU-T K.92 Conducted and radiated electromagnetic environment in home networking 1 Scope This Recommendation defines the electromagnetic environmental conditions in home environments where home networking devices are installed. This Recommendation applies t
18、o telecommunication equipment installed in home networking. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All
19、 Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is reg
20、ularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T K.34 Recommendation ITU-T K.34 (2003), Classification of electromagnetic environmental conditions for telecommunication equipment Basic EMC Reco
21、mmendation. ITU-T K.37 Recommendation ITU-T K.37 (1999), Low and high frequency EMC mitigation techniques for telecommunication installations and systems Basic EMC Recommendation. ITU-T K.74 Recommendation ITU-T K.74 (2008), EMC, resistibility and safety requirements for home network devices. CISPR
22、11 CISRP 11 (2009), Industrial, scientific and medical equipment Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics Limits and methods of measurement. IEC 60050-161 IEC 60050-161-Amd. 2 (1999), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility. IEC 61000-2-5 IEC/TR 61000
23、-2-5 (2011), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 2-5: Environment Description and classification of electromagnetic environments. 3 Definitions 3.1 Term defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following term defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 electromagnetic environment IEC 60050-161: Totality of
24、electromagnetic phenomena existing at a given location. NOTE In general, this totality is time-dependent and its description might need a statistical approach. 3.2 Term defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following term: 3.2.1 EM source: The object that may be at the origi
25、n of electromagnetic waves. 2 Rec. ITU-T K.92 (05/2012) 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AC Alternating Current ASDL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ATM Automatic Teller Machine CATV Cable Television CB Citizen Band DC Direct Current
26、DVD Digital Video Disc EFT/B Electrical Fast Transients/Bursts EM Electromagnetic EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility EMI Electromagnetic Interference ESD Electrostatic Discharge FFT Fast Fourier Transformation FM Frequency Modulation IP Internet Protocol ISDN Integrated Services Digital Networks ISM
27、Industrial, Scientific and Medical ITE Information Technology Equipment LAN Local Access Network ONU Optical Network Unit PC Personal Computer PLT Power Line Telecommunication PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network RADAR Radio Detection And Ranging REIN Repetitive Electrical Impulsive Noise STB Set-
28、Top Box TE Transverse Electric TM Transverse Magnetic VCR Video Cassette Recorder VDSL Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line VDU Visual Display Unit Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity xDSL X-type Digital Subscriber Line Rec. ITU-T K.92 (05/2012) 3 5 Home networking environment 5.1 Description of home network
29、ing environment With the recent advances in telecommunication technologies, high-speed access networks, by which users can easily access networks, have been introduced in home environments. As a result, many users can now enjoy many network-based services, and many electronic devices are connected t
30、o the network so that home networks can be easily constructed. On the other hand, there are many wired and wireless technologies that have appeared on the market, and these kinds of technologies could be introduced in a home network environment. In these network configurations, several kinds of netw
31、ork-related equipment are introduced in the home and are set in close proximity to each other. The home networking environment refers to customer premises (residential location) environments. In accordance with Figure 1, the residential location exists in an area of land designated for the construct
32、ion of domestic dwellings. The function of a domestic dwelling is to provide a place for one or more people to live in. Figure 1 Concept of location classes 5.2 Equipment installed in the home networking environment Any equipment within the home networking environment is connected to the telecommuni
33、cation networks (e.g., public switched telephone networks (PSTNs), integrated services digital networks (ISDN), x-type digital subscriber lines (xDSL), etc.), local area networks (e.g., Ethernet, token ring, etc.) and similar networks. The home networking environment is characterized by the ad hoc l
34、ocation of telecom, electrical and electronic equipment used by the residents. Equipment items can therefore be placed in very high density. The typical locations include: the home office desk, with PC located on/below the desk; VDU, speakers, printer, wireless keyboard and wireless mouse located on
35、 the desktop; laptops, portable telephone handset and/or cellular telephone handset located on the desktop, near to or in physical contact with one of the items; the adolescents bedroom, which may contain the above described home office desk in addition to a TV set with DVD/VCR and games console. Hi
36、gh-density locations typically access the internal low voltage power supply network via a single outlet socket that is fitted with a distribution board/power strip. A non-exhaustive list of the types of equipment present and operated within the home networking environment is presented below. Residen
37、tialIndustrial Commercial Home networking environment 4 Rec. ITU-T K.92 (05/2012) 1) Home network devices ITU-T K.74: a) telecommunication devices, such as ONUs, routers, or broadband modems; b) controlling devices with telecommunication ports, such as STBs; c) information technology equipment (ITE)
38、, such as PCs, with telecommunication ports. 2) Multimedia equipment, household equipment and ITE devices operate with home networking devices. At the boundary of the home networking environment, there is the following wireline infrastructure: extension wiring of telecom network; coaxial distributio
39、n network; low-voltage power supply distribution network. 6 Typical phenomena in home networking environment The typical phenomena in home networking environment are: a) Conducted low-frequency phenomena: harmonics of the fundamental power frequency; power supply network voltage amplitude and freque
40、ncy changes; power supply network common-mode voltages; signalling voltages in power supply networks (0.1-3 kHz); induced low-frequency voltages; DC voltage in AC networks; lighting. b) Radiated low-frequency phenomena: magnetic fields (DC, railway, power system, power system harmonics, etc.); elect
41、ric fields (DC lines, railway (16 2/3 Hz), power system (50-60Hz). c) Conducted high-frequency phenomena: direct-conducted continuous wave; induced continuous wave; transients. d) Radiated high frequency phenomena: radiated (continuous wave) oscillatory disturbances; radiated (modulated) signal dist
42、urbances; radiated (transient) pulsed disturbances. e) Electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomena conducted; radiated. Some of these phenomena may be generated by home networking, such as induced continuous wave. Some of these phenomena are generated by others but may interface with the home networking
43、, such as ESD. The details of these phenomena are described in the basic EMC Recommendation, ITU-T K.34 and in IEC 61000-2-5. In the context of the Recommendation and in accordance with the IEC EMC approach, the term “low frequency“ applies to frequencies up to and including 9 kHz; the term “high fr
44、equency“ applies to frequencies above 9 kHz. Rec. ITU-T K.92 (05/2012) 5 The case studies of the phenomena occurring in home networking environments are collected in Appendix I. 7 Disturbance characteristics and levels 7.1 Attributes of home networking environment The attributes of the home networki
45、ng environment are: Enclosure amateur radio further than 100 m; citizen band (CB) radio further than 20 m; broadcast transmitter operating below 1.6 MHz further than 5km; FM and TV transmitters further than 1 km; radiated signal from cellular communications systems and portable communication systems
46、 (e.g., base stations, hand-held transceivers, mobile phones, wireless phones, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc.); paging systems, base stations, further than 1 km; aviation RADAR further than 5 km; high concentration of multimedia and household equipment; presence of microwave oven up to 1.5 kW; presence of m
47、edical equipment (Group 2 according to CISPR 11) further than 20 m; proximity to MV/LV substations further than 20 m; proximity to arc welders (mobile) further than 20 m; proximity to HV sub-stations further than 100 m; possible proximity to low power ISM; possible presence of audio/hearing aid syst
48、ems. AC power feeding MV- or HV-line further than 20 m; LV AC cabling; high concentration of switched mode power supplies; existence of PLT equipment; lighting. Signal/control telecommunication cables or lines; cable TV; lines 30 m (this includes: Ethernet, security systems); lightning exposure; clo
49、se coupling between signal systems and switched power systems. 6 Rec. ITU-T K.92 (05/2012) Reference abundant metallic structures which may or may not be bonded or earthed; frequent interfaces of power and telecom (including local) systems; local earth can be absent, or present high impedance; multiple local earths might not be coordinated. Additional notes interfaces with customer systems; HV lines may be routed over buil
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