1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T K.93TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (05/2012) SERIES K: PROTECTION AGAINST INTERFERENCE Immunity of home network devices to electromagnetic disturbances Recommendation ITU-T K.93 Rec. ITU-T K.93 (05/2012) i Recommendation ITU-T K.93 Immuni
2、ty of home network devices to electromagnetic disturbances Summary The introduction of high-speed data services to customer premises that rapidly adopt new technologies allows the distribution of such data within customer premises. This is leading to a number of different wireless (e.g., wireless lo
3、cal area network, LAN, and digital enhanced cordless telecommunications, DECT) and wireline technologies (e.g., LAN and technologies designed to exploit existing telephone extension and power distribution wiring) to interconnect a variety of in-home electronic and electrical equipment (such as set t
4、op box, STB), and PCs. Many types of broadband services are provided on IP networks, such as voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), video on demand (VoD) and broadcasting. Moreover, the electromagnetic environment in the home will change due to this situation. Therefore, new electromagnetic compatibil
5、ity issues may occur in a home network environment. Recommendation ITU-T K.93 aims to ensure normal operation of home networking devices and to provide a new additional immunity test method for broadband services, especially for devices that are sensitive to broadband interferences. History Edition
6、Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T K.93 2012-05-29 5 Keywords Broadband impulsive conducted disturbance, home networks, QoS and xDSL. ii Rec. ITU-T K.93 (05/2012) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunic
7、ations, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunicat
8、ions on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure
9、laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommun
10、ication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these m
11、andatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU dra
12、ws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members o
13、r others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not rep
14、resent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T K.93 (05/20
15、12) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Background . 3 6 Immunity test method of broadband disturbance . 3 6.1 Items to be tested 3 6.2 Test waveform 4 6.3 Tes
16、t procedure 4 6.4 Test level 4 7 Immunity test method of impulsive disturbance 5 7.1 Specific EFT/B immunity test 5 8 Performance criteria 5 8.1 General performance criteria 5 Annex A Wireline data transmission or reception function 7 A.1 Applicability . 7 A.2 Definitions for use within this annex 7
17、 A.3 Mode of operation 7 A.4 Performance criteria . 9 Appendix I Experimental example of transparency between AC power port and Ethernet port . 12 I.1 Electromagnetic disturbance entering toward Ethernet port 12 I.2 IP-based communication devices . 13 I.3 Modelling of IP-based communication devices
18、. 15 I.4 Conclusions 17 Bibliography. 19 iv Rec. ITU-T K.93 (05/2012) Introduction Along with the widespread use of the Internet, a number of broadband services, such as voice over IP (VoIP), music downloading, video on demand, and TV broadcasting over a telecommunication network, are provided by te
19、lecommunication operators and Internet service providers. These services require controlling quality of service (QoS) to ensure their reliability. Real-time services, such as Internet protocol TV (IPTV) or high-quality VoIP particularly require high quality performance. On the other hand, there are
20、many electric/electronic devices installed on customer premises that may be connected to networks. These devices may create an impulsive disturbance when they are turned on or off. In fact, quality degradation of IP-TV services caused by a repetitive impulsive disturbance has been reported by severa
21、l telecommunication operators (see Appendices I-III of Recommendation ITU-T K.74). Therefore, new electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems caused by impulsive disturbances may occur in telecommunication networks. Rec. ITU-T K.93 (05/2012) 1 Recommendation ITU-T K.93 Immunity of home network devi
22、ces to electromagnetic disturbances 1 Scope With the advent of Internet technologies, there are many telecommunication devices being used on customer premises. Therefore, new EMC problems may occur in such environments. These problems are caused by broadband disturbances, which are produced by elect
23、rical devices. Many broadband services, such as Internet protocol TV and voice over IP, have been introduced to the home by telecommunication operators. These services require operators to be able to underwrite quality of service (QoS) levels, since both services are essentially streamed, and hence
24、loss/delay of packets can be immediately apparent to the user as an interruption of the services. Resolving EMC issues of broadband services are one of the key factors for ensuring the QoS in home networks. Furthermore, use of the frequency band in the home is becoming wider and shifting to a higher
25、 frequency range. This Recommendation provides an immunity test for home network devices against broadband disturbances. The purpose of this Recommendation is to ensure normal operation of telecommunication devices in home networks and to provide additional requirements that do not cover existing in
26、ternational standards. However, this Recommendation is not intended to replace or duplicate international/national regulations or laws. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recomm
27、endation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other referen
28、ces listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T K.43 Recommendation ITU-T K.43 (2009), Immunity requirements for tel
29、ecommunication equipment. ITU-T K.74 Recommendation ITU-T K.74 (2008), EMC, resistibility and safety requirements for home network devices. CISPR 24 CISPR 24:2010, Information technology equipment Immunity characteristics Limits and methods of measurement. IEC 61000-4-4 IEC 61000-4-4 (2004), Electro
30、magnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test Basic EMC Publication Amendment 1 (2010). IEC 61000-4-6 IEC 61000-4-6 (2008), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 6: Immunity to
31、conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields. 2 Rec. ITU-T K.93 (05/2012) 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 AC power port ITU-T K.43: See clause 3.2.8 of ITU-T K.43, ports in telecommunication equipment. 3.1.2
32、 DC power port ITU-T K.43: See clause 3.2.8 of ITU-T K.43, ports in telecommunication equipment. 3.1.3 home network device ITU-T K.74: A home network device is an electronic/electric equipment whose primary function is the distribution of data within the home, between the network termination point a
33、nd one or more terminal devices. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following term: 3.2.1 wired network port: Point of connection for voice, data and signalling transfers intended to interconnect widely dispersed systems by direct connection to a single-user or
34、multi-user communication network (for example, PSTN, ISDN, xDSL, LAN and similar networks). NOTE These ports may support screened or unscreened cables and may also carry AC or DC power where this is an integral part of the telecommunication specification. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommenda
35、tion uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AC Alternating Current AE Auxiliary Equipment CDN Coupling Decoupling Network CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check DC Direct Current DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications EFT/B Electric Fast Transient/Burst EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility EMF
36、Electromagnetic Field EUT Equipment Under Test FEXT Far End Crosstalk INP Impulsive Noise Protection IPTV Internet Protocol Television ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network LAN Local Area Networks LCL Longitudinal Conversion Loss PC Personal Computer PLT Power Line Telecommunications POTS Plain O
37、ld Telephone Service Rec. ITU-T K.93 (05/2012) 3 PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network QoS Quality of Service RMS Root Mean Square SES Severely Errored Seconds STB Set Top Box STP Shielded Twisted Pair UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair VoD Video on Demand VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol xDSL x-type Dig
38、ital Subscriber Line 5 Background The introduction of high-speed data services to customer premises that rapidly adopt technologies allows the distribution of such data on customer premises. This is leading to a number of different wireless (e.g., wireless LAN and DECT) and wireline technologies (e.
39、g., LAN and technologies designed to exploit existing telephone extension and power distribution wiring) to interconnect a variety of in-home electronic and electrical equipment (such as STBs and PCs). Moreover, telecommunication operators have introduced to homes many broadband services, such as In
40、ternet protocol TV (IPTV) and voice over IP (VoIP). These services require operators to be able to underwrite quality of service (QoS) levels, since both services are essentially streamed, and hence loss/delay of packets can be immediately apparent to the user as an interruption of the services. Res
41、olving EMC issues of broadband services are one of the key factors for ensuring the QoS in home networks. Furthermore, use of the frequency band in the home is becoming wider and shifting to a higher frequency range. These techniques introduce a new family of EMC issues, e.g., clarification of elect
42、romagnetic environment, cable characteristics, cabling on premises, immunity performance of services sensitive to interruption and immunity performance against wideband disturbances. This work contributes to reduction in climate change by developing specifications that allow equipment to operate wit
43、hin a home network environment without disturbance. The availability of such equipment avoids the unnecessary manufacture and distribution of equipment to replace existing equipment thought to be faulty. It also reduces subsequent engineer visits required to resolve ongoing issues. 6 Immunity test m
44、ethod of broadband disturbance 6.1 Items to be tested The EUT considered in this Recommendation shall comply with, at least, relevant immunity standards, such as ITU-T K.43, ITU-T K.74 or CISPR publications such as CISPR 24. 6.1.1 Broadband impulsive conducted disturbances This method is used to app
45、ly repetitive and isolated impulsive noise to xDSL ports of the EUT. The requirements for test level, burst duration and period for the two tests are given in Table 1. The test procedure is based upon the CDN method defined and described in IEC 61000-4-6, but with a signal generator replaced by a ge
46、nerator capable of producing a 1 ms burst of white noise every 10 ms or 8.3 ms for countries where the AC mains is 50 or 60 Hz, respectively (see Figure 1). 4 Rec. ITU-T K.93 (05/2012) Figure 1 Example block diagram of the test set-up 6.2 Test waveform The white noise burst should be derived from a
47、longer-sequence pseudo-random near-Gaussian white noise generator, band-limited to 30 MHz. The generator used for the bursts should have a crest factor of at least 4. The length of the sequence from which the noise bursts are taken should be at least 128k samples. An arbitrary waveform generator cou
48、ld be used to generate this waveform. 6.3 Test procedure The insertion loss of the amplifier and CDN shall have a uniform frequency response that does not change by more than 3 dB over the frequency range that extends from 150 kHz to the highest frequency used by the DSL technology, or 30 MHz, which
49、ever is the lowest. The CDN shall have an LCL of at least 60 dB over the same frequency range. A level setting procedure similar to that of IEC 61000-4-6 shall be used. The specified test level is established with a spectrum analyser having a peak detector and resolution bandwidth of 10 kHz and a video bandwidth of less than or equal to 10 Hz. The EUT port of the coupling device is connected in common mode through a 150 to 50 adapter to the spectrum analyser having a 50 input impedance. The test generator shall be ad
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