1、 0 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T L.1204 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (06/2016) SERIES L: ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSID
2、E PLANT Extended architecture of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC Recommendation ITU-T L.1204 ITU-T L-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT OPTICAL FIBRE C
3、ABLES Cable structure and characteristics L.100L.124 Cable evaluation L.125L.149 Guidance and installation technique L.150L.199 OPTICAL INFRASTRUCTURES Infrastructure including node element (except cables) L.200L.249 General aspects and network design L.250L.299 MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION Optical fib
4、re cable maintenance L.300L.329 Infrastructure maintenance L.330L.349 Operation support and infrastructure management L.350L.379 Disaster management L.380L.399 PASSIVE OPTICAL DEVICES L.400L.429 MARINIZED TERRESTRIAL CABLES L.430L.449 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommenda
5、tions. Rec. ITU-T L.1204 (06/2016) i Recommendation ITU-T L.1204 Extended architecture of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC Summary Recommendation ITU-T L.1204 describes the extended architecture of power feeding systems of up to 400 V direct current (VDC) for information and communication tech
6、nology (ICT) equipment in telecommunication centres, data centres and customer premises. It describes aspects such as configuration, redundancy, power distribution and monitoring, in order to construct safe, reliable and manageable power feeding systems. This Recommendation can be used also as an ar
7、chitecture reference model for future Recommendations e.g., on the performance of DC power feeding systems. This Recommendation describes extended power feeding architectures using up to 400 VDC e.g., hybrid redundant DC and alternating current (AC) power feeding based on Recommendation ITU-T L.1201
8、. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T L.1204 2016-06-29 5 11.1002/1000/12882 Keywords Power feeding, up to 400 VDC. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique
9、 ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T L.1204 (06/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunicat
10、ion Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (
11、WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fal
12、l within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Re
13、commendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language
14、such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recomm
15、endation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of appr
16、oval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB
17、patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T L.1204 (06/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1
18、Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 5.1 Earthing configurations 3 6 Configuration of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC 3 6.1 Basic single DC power feeding system configuration . 4 6.2 Power feeding system of up to
19、 400 VDC with backup solution 5 6.3 Redundant DC power feeding configurations 6 7 Elements of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC 8 7.1 General requirements 8 7.2 Rectifier requirements 9 7.3 Power distribution unit requirements . 10 7.4 Battery requirements 11 7.5 Distribution power line require
20、ments . 12 8 Monitoring power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC . 12 8.1 Configuration for monitoring . 12 8.2 Elements for monitoring . 13 8.3 Management interface and network . 14 Appendix I Example of monitoring data of a DC power system 15 Appendix II Battery performance monitoring and management
21、 17 Appendix III Power distribution unit configuration . 18 Appendix IV Alternative rectifier configuration 20 Appendix V Configuration of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC with renewable energy and distributed power sources . 22 Bibliography. 24 iv Rec. ITU-T L.1204 (06/2016) Introduction Powe
22、r feeding systems of up to 400 V direct current (VDC) have been developed to cope with an increase in power consumption and equipment power density. In this Recommendation, consideration is given to improvements in energy efficiency, as well as the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and raw
23、 materials use. The up to 400 VDC interface between the power feeding system and any information and communication technology (ICT) equipment connected to it is specified in ITU-T L.1200. This Recommendation specifies architectures of up to 400 VDC power feeding systems and aims to provide a safe ar
24、chitecture reference for an up to 400 VDC power feeding system with reliability and manageability adapted to requirements. One of the advantages of up to 400 VDC power feeding is that it reduces intermediate power conversion stages (e.g., the inverter and power factor compensator can be eliminated)
25、and gives lower current usage than a 48 VDC power feeding system for the same power requirement. Many papers have assessed the potential gains of using DC power feeding systems for ICT equipment in telecommunication centres, data centres and customer premises, e.g., b-CCSA YD/T 2378, b-Tanaka, 2012,
26、 b-Shuguang, 2012, b-Marquet, 2013, and these papers refer to many other references. The common range of energy saving is generally up to 15% depending on the legacy solution based on the alternating current uninterruptible power supply (AC UPS) that is replaced and especially if the best class of D
27、C power feeding system is used. This saving could be applied to the 200 TWh of datacentre energy consumption assessed at the global level e.g., in b-Koomey, 2011. Improvements in reliability and availability vary between factors of 2 for a simple architecture to 20 for a full end-to-end redundant ar
28、chitecture; this is based on many of the papers listed in the bibliography: b-Kervarrec, 2004, b-Han, 2007, b-Tsumura, 2008, b-Bauer, 2006 and b-Liu, 2010. Compared to a centralized 48 VDC architecture, a reduction of 10% to 50% in copper usage has been precisely recorded, while for a decentralized
29、48 VDC architecture, a reduction of 60% in battery sizes was reached b-Tanaka, 2012. Many studies show that there is a reduction in the initial set-up costs that can be as high as 20%, and a reduction in the running costs where savings could come from making fewer site interventions and trips. Also,
30、 there is, in general, less maintenance with modular rectifiers because the system is easier to operate with ICT equipment working directly, backed up by the battery power directly coupled to the DC outputs. Additional gains are presumed in the simplification of connecting renewable DC sources or ot
31、her distributed generators (fuel cells, DC engine generators, DC wind generators, etc.). Due to the urgency to find a solution to the growing power problem, it is believed that interim solutions applicable in the short term could be considered. One of these is the use of up to 400 VDC only as means
32、to transport energy from the 48 V energy system to the 48 V powered equipment. This could then evolve through the deployment of powered equipment able to be directly fed through an up to 400 VDC power feeding system. For complementary information on power architectures specified in this Recommendati
33、on, it may be useful to refer to b-ITU-T L.1300, b-IEC 60896, b-IEC TS 60479-1, b-IEC 60950-1, b-IEEE 1184, b-IEEE 1491 and b-ETSI TR 102 121. Rec. ITU-T L.1204 (06/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T L.1204 Extended architecture of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC 1 Scope This Recommendation specifi
34、es a power feeding architecture for power feeding systems of up to 400 V direct current (VDC) at telecommunications centres, datacentres and customer premises ITU-T L.1200. This Recommendation aims to provide a reference of power feeding architecture for an up to 400 VDC power feeding system with hi
35、gh reliability, safety and manageability. This Recommendation covers the following items for power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC: 1) configuration of power feeding systems of pure up to 400 VDC and hybrid power feeding systems with up to 400 VDC and alternating current (AC) power feeding systems;
36、 2) requirements of the main basic elements for power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC, such as rectifiers, power distribution units (PDUs), batteries and distribution power lines; 3) monitoring and management functions. This Recommendation ensures a safe, operable, electromagnetic compatibility- (E
37、MC)-compliant and reliable cohabitation of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC with AC and 48 VDC ETSI EN 300 132-2 systems in sites combining these power feeding interfaces. The full description of a battery, grid AC supply, backup generator and power supply units (PSUs) in ICT equipment and ren
38、ewable or distributed energy sources are outside of the scope of this Recommendation, but indications are given on their influence on the architecture of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC. This Recommendation describes extended power feeding architectures using up to 400 VDC e.g., hybrid redund
39、ant DC and alternating current (AC) power feeding based on ITU-T L.1201. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated we
40、re valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommend
41、ations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T K.20 Recommendation ITU-T K.20 (2016), Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in a telecommunication centre to over
42、voltages and overcurrents. ITU-T L.1200 Recommendation ITU-T L.1200 (2012), Direct current power feeding interface up to 400 V at the input to telecommunication and ICT equipment. ITU-T L.1201 Recommendation ITU-T L.1201 (2014), Architecture of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC ITU-T L.1202 Rec
43、ommendation ITU-T L.1202 (2015), Methodologies for evaluating the performance of an up to 400 VDC power feeding system and its environmental impact. 2 Rec. ITU-T L.1204 (06/2016) ITU-T L.1203 Recommendation ITU-T L.1203 (2016), Colour and marking identification of up to 400 VDC power distribution fo
44、r information and communication technology systems. ETSI EN 300 132-2 ETSI EN 300 132-2 V2.4.16 (2016), Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment; Part 2: Operated by 48 V direct current (dc). ETSI EN 301 605 ETSI EN 301 605
45、 V1.1.1 (2013), Environmental Engineering (EE); Earthing and bonding of 400 VDC data and telecom (ICT) equipment. ETSI ES 202 336-1 ETSI ES 202 336-1 V1.2.1 (2011), Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and Control Interface for Infrastructure Equipment (Power, Cooling and Building Environment
46、Systems used in Telecommunication Networks) Part 1: Generic Interface. IEC 60364-1 IEC 60364-1 (2005), Low-voltage electrical installations Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics, definitions. IEC 60364-4-41 IEC 60364-4-41 (2005), Low-voltage electrical installations P
47、art 4-41: Protection for safety Protection against electric shock. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 distributed power source ITU-T L.1201: A local electrical power source where energy is produced close to the user and dis
48、tributed by a microgrid by opposition to a centralized power plant with a long distance electricity transport grid. This local power source can be an individual user power system or a small collective energy power plant for a group of customers. It can include energy sources or storage or cogenerati
49、on of heat and electricity using any primary energy renewable or not. 3.1.2 ICT equipment ITU-T L.1200: Information and communication equipment (e.g., switch, transmitter, router, server, and peripheral devices) used in telecommunication centres, data centres and customer premises. 3.1.3 interface P ITU-T L.1200: Interface, physical point, at which a power feeding system is connected to operate ICT equipment. 3.1.4 renewable energy ITU-T L.1201: This is mainly non-f
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