1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T L.1320 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (03/2014) SERIES L: CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT Energy efficiency metrics and measurement for power and cool
2、ing equipment for telecommunications and data centres Recommendation ITU-T L.1320 Rec. ITU-T L.1320 (03/2014) i Recommendation ITU-T L.1320 Energy efficiency metrics and measurement for power and cooling equipment for telecommunications and data centres Summary Recommendation ITU-T L.1320 contains t
3、he general definition of metrics, test procedures, methodologies and measurement profiles required to assess the energy efficiency of power and cooling equipment for telecommunications and data centres. More detailed measurement procedures and specifications can be developed in future related ITU-T
4、Recommendations. Metrics and measurement methods are defined for power equipment, alternating current (AC) power feeding equipment (such as AC uninterruptible power supply (UPS), direct current (DC/AC) inverters), DC power feeding equipment (such as AC/DC rectifiers, DC/DC converters), solar equipme
5、nt, wind turbine equipment and fuel cell equipment. In addition, metrics and measurement methods are defined for cooling equipment such as air conditioning equipment, outdoor air cooling equipment and heat exchanging cooling equipment. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1
6、.0 ITU-T L.1320 2014-03-22 5 11.1002/1000/12136 Keywords Energy efficiency, methodology, metrics. _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/1
7、1830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T L.1320 (03/2014) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent org
8、an of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the
9、topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are
10、prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendatio
11、n may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used
12、to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectua
13、l Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received not
14、ice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU
15、2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T L.1320 (03/2014) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this R
16、ecommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 General test methodology . 3 5.1 Power feeding equipment efficiency testing 3 5.2 Cooling equipment efficiency testing . 8 Appendix I Example of conditions for power feeding equipment efficiency testing . 11 I.1 Environmental conditions . 11 I.2 Ele
17、ctrical conditions . 11 I.3 Metrology requirements . 11 I.4 Test configurations and results . 12 Appendix II Example of conditions for cooling equipment efficiency testing . 13 II.1 Environmental conditions . 13 II.2 Metrology requirements . 13 Bibliography. 16 iv Rec. ITU-T L.1320 (03/2014) Introdu
18、ction Typically energy efficiency is defined as the ratio of work output to energy consumed, which in scientific terms can be expressed in the same functional units of joules. As applied to pieces of equipment, the energy efficiency term of work output has transformed to “useful work“ or “useful out
19、put“ to apply to specific items of interest. The energy consumed has also been transformed to units that reflect the primary form or unit of measure tracked to deliver that output, such as electricity or more specifically Watt-hours (Wh). While the measurement of the electricity consumed is generall
20、y straightforward, the definition of useful output is context driven and required to be explicit to the application to provide effective measures of monitoring and improvement. In fact, the use of energy efficiency metrics is expressly intended to monitor and drive programmes that gain the most usef
21、ul output for the energy being consumed. Note that “useful-output“ has finite bounds to the context of the application. These bounds may drive categorization methods towards groups such as applications, size, and/or conditions. To apply this concept for the targeted application or equipment, useful
22、work or output must be defined in order to describe the energy efficiency for the subject entity. For the purposes of this Recommendation, the energy efficiency of the power (delivery and conditioning) equipment will be expressed solely as the ratio of output energy (Watt-hours delivered) to input e
23、nergy (Watt-hours consumed). This ratio may also be expressed in terms of power (i.e., Watts) if normalized under the condition of use (e.g., root mean square (RMS) over a reasonable application time period). The energy efficiency for air conditioning and air cooling equipment is designated as the r
24、atio of cooling capacity to energy consumed. The cooling capacity is transformed from units of temperature and air/area properties to Watts. Thus for cooling purposes, the ratio is that of cooling capacity in Watts to energy consumed in Watts. Rec. ITU-T L.1320 (03/2014) 1 Recommendation ITU-T L.132
25、0 Energy efficiency metrics and measurement for power and cooling equipment for telecommunications and data centres 1 Scope This Recommendation specifies principles and concepts of energy efficiency metrics and measurement methods for power feeding equipment and cooling equipment in telecommunicatio
26、ns rooms and data centres. The methodologies defined in this Recommendation are applied at single equipment level. The efficiency of power conversion and cooling in the data centre or telecommunication facility is only partially attributed to the equipment. The architecture and organization of the s
27、pace and equipment to deliver the power or cooling to the systems is as equal, if not a more significant factor in energy efficiency. Another general factor is the interoperability, management and response of these systems across the demand and operational range. NOTE Cooling equipment: In general,
28、data centre level systems should be referred (or normalized) with respect to a full year, in order to take into account the yearly variability of environmental conditions and the consequent possible use of various cooling methods. The reference to a whole year helps to establish a power usage effect
29、iveness (PUE) comparison, especially with respect to an individual data centre. This Recommendation covers: Power feeding equipment: AC power feeding equipment; DC power feeding equipment; Renewable energy equipment1. Cooling equipment: Air conditioner equipment; Outdoor air cooling equipment; Heat
30、exchanging cooling equipment. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other ref
31、erences are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The referenc
32、e to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ATIS-0600015.04 ATIS-0600015.04 (2010), Energy Efficiency for Telecommunication Equipment: Methodology for Measurement and Reporting DC Power Plant Rectifier Requirements. _ 1 Rene
33、wable energy equipment implies the inclusion of either energy storage (e.g., battery and/or fuel cell) or power from/to the electrical grid. These sources and/or losses in the transmission are outside the scope of this Recommendation but should be taken into account for an overall efficiency assessm
34、ent. 2 Rec. ITU-T L.1320 (03/2014) IEC 61215 IEC61215 Ed 2.0 (2005), Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules Design qualification and type approval. IEC 61646 IEC 61646 Ed.2.0 (2008), Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic modules Design qualification and type approval. IEC 62040-3 IEC
35、 62040-3 Ed.2.0 (2011), Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements. IEC 62108 IEC 62108 Ed.1.0 (2007), Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules and assemblies Design qualification and type approval. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere
36、This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 energy b-ISO 16818: Capacity for doing work; having several forms that may be transformed from one to another, such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work), electrical or chemical and is expressed in Joules. For the purposes of this
37、Recommendation, energy will be expressed in Watt-hours (Wh) or kilo Watt-hours (kWh). 3.1.2 power b-ISO 16818: Rate at which energy is transmitted. NOTE 1 Power is measured in units of Watts. NOTE 2 Though the rate of change can be observed as instantaneous values, use of power in these specificatio
38、ns imply normalization based on a reasonable representative period. Typically, energy is measured and a RMS power level is determined. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 alternating power (AC) power feeding equipment: AC power feeding equi
39、pment can be composed of an AC uninterruptible power supply (UPS), a direct current to alternating current (DC/AC) converter and an AC power distribution unit, if considered. 3.2.2 cooling capacity: It is the cooling power of air conditioners and refers to the rate that heat is removed from a space.
40、 It is most commonly measured as tons per hour or British thermal units (BTUs). 3.2.3 direct current (DC) power feeding equipment: DC power feeding equipment can be composed of a rectifier, a direct current to direct current (DC/DC) converter and DC power distribution units, if considered. 3.2.4 ext
41、ernal static pressure: Static pressure at the air blower exit. High external static pressure is necessary for a cooling system with a raised floor or duct because of the high airflow resistance. 3.2.5 response time capability: The level of ability to respond to changes in the conditions in a certain
42、 time. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AC Alternating Current BTU British Thermal Unit CF Crest Factor Rec. ITU-T L.1320 (03/2014) 3 DC Direct Current FC Fuel Cell PF Power Factor PV Photovoltaic RMS Root Mean Square UPS Uninterruptible
43、 Power Supply 5 General test methodology 5.1 Power feeding equipment efficiency testing 5.1.1 Conditions for power feeding equipment efficiency testing Environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity and air pressure), electrical conditions (such as input DC voltage, input AC voltage and fre
44、quency) and metrology requirements shall be reported when measuring energy efficiency. Appendix I illustrates an example of how conditions for power feeding equipment efficiency testing should be defined in other domestic or international standards. Measurement conditions for AC/DC equipment could b
45、e considered with reference to ATIS 0600015.04. 5.1.2 Load and environmental conditions For test repeatability and consistency, load conditions and test configurations are fixed and static. The test procedures provide mechanisms to test representative points along a load range and across the environ
46、mental range. These data points may be representative as long as the load demand range, the environmental range and response requirements are comprehended2. On the other hand, dynamic load and the related equipment response are the main factors which influence the overall energy efficiency of the eq
47、uipment. Therefore it is very important to select the values of different static load and environmental conditions that best represent the dynamic equipment behaviour. Since the environmental conditions and load vary and are interdependent factors, the dynamic response should be factored into the mo
48、del. Worst case variance in conditions and response time requirements should be included for the equipment under test. The individual data points (determined as the other conditions are held fixed) together with the response time capabilities should provide sufficient information to model the enviro
49、nment. These conditions should be documented as part of the data reporting for the individual systems. The efficiency of the power conversion is dependent on the operating temperature and the load of the system. NOTE In fact, efficiency (especially at low load) would be expected to be worse at high temperatures of operation versus low temperature operations. If generic testing is completed at room temperature (21C) but _ 2 As with most critical equipment, safety mec
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