ITU-T L 1400-2011 Overview and general principles of methodologies for assessing the environmental impact of information and communication technologies (Study Group 5)《用于评估信息和通讯技术对.pdf

1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T L.1400TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (02/2011) SERIES L: CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT Overview and general principles of methodologies for assessing the environmental impact of in

2、formation and communication technologies Recommendation ITU-T L.1400 Rec. ITU-T L.1400 (02/2011) i Recommendation ITU-T L.1400 Overview and general principles of methodologies for assessing the environmental impact of information and communication technologies Summary Recommendation ITU-T L.1400 pre

3、sents the general principles on assessing the environmental impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) and outlines the different methodologies that are being developed: Assessment of the environmental impact of ICT goods, networks, and services Assessment of the environmental impact

4、 of ICT projects Assessment of the environmental impact of ICT in organizations Assessment of the environmental impact of ICT in cities Assessment of the environmental impact of ICT in countries or group of countries. This Recommendation also provides some examples of opportunities to reduce the env

5、ironmental load due to ICT. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T L.1400 2011-02-22 5 Keywords Assessment, energy consumption, environmental impact, greenhouse gases, ICT. ii Rec. ITU-T L.1400 (02/2011) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Na

6、tions specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendation

7、s on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval

8、of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“

9、is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance wi

10、th the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is requir

11、ed of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectu

12、al Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. Howe

13、ver, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the pr

14、ior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T L.1400 (02/2011) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 5 Conventions 3 6 General principles . 4 6.1 Environmental impacts

15、 categories 4 6.2 Environmental load reduction by ICT 4 6.3 Different kinds of assessments in different contexts 5 6.4 General principles to follow . 8 7 Overview of Recommendations on methodologies under preparation in ITU-T . 8 7.1 List of the different methodology Recommendations 8 7.2 Explanatio

16、n of the links between the Recommendations . 8 7.3 Linkage among other relevant ITU-T Recommendations 9 8 General presentation of L*.methodology_ICT goods, networks and services . 9 8.1 Introduction 9 8.2 Summary of existing standards 9 8.3 Purpose and scope of L*.methodology_goods, networks and ser

17、vices 9 9 General presentation of L*.methodology_ICT in organizations 10 9.1 Introduction 10 9.2 Summary of existing standards and methodologies . 10 9.3 Purpose and scope of L*.methodology_ICT in organizations . 10 10 General presentation of L*.methodology_ICT projects . 11 10.1 Introduction 11 10.

18、2 Summary of existing standards 12 10.3 Purpose and scope of L*.methodology_ICT projects 12 11 General presentation of L*.methodology_ICT in cities . 13 11.1 Introduction 13 11.2 Summary of existing methodologies 13 11.3 Purpose and scope of L*.methodology_ICT in cities 13 12 General presentation of

19、 L*.methodology_ICT in countries . 14 12.1 Introduction 14 12.2 Summary of existing methodologies 14 12.3 Purpose and scope of L*.methodology_ICT in countries 15 iv Rec. ITU-T L.1400 (02/2011) Page Appendix I Information on ICT sector . 16 Appendix II Numbering of Recommendations on methodologies .

20、18 Bibliography. 19 Rec. ITU-T L.1400 (02/2011) v Introduction Information and communication technologies (ICT) delivers innovative products and services which are transforming the way we live. At the same time, ICT enables other sectors such as manufacturing, logistics, buildings and electric grids

21、 to develop and work more efficiently. When using ICT, it becomes increasingly important to consider and evaluate not only environmental impacts of the ICT sector itself, but also the environmental reduction benefits (enabling effect) that the usage of ICT and ICT services can have in many other sec

22、tors. There exist some estimates (see Bibliography) indicating that the enabling effect of ICT could be important. In this context, cooperation and optimization across sectors of the economy is an opportunity. Figure 1 shows that ICTs have both positive and negative effects on the environment. The n

23、egative factor is traditionally calculated by the environmental load caused by ICT devices and equipment, such as the consumption of energy and natural resources and generation of waste. On the positive impact side, ICT services can make lifestyle and business operations more energy efficient. They

24、can do so by, for example, enabling dematerialization, which means transporting information instead of physical objects thus reducing movement and transportation. This efficiency of lifestyle and its underlying business activities can indirectly reduce the environmental load of human activities. Tow

25、ards constructing a sustainable society from an environmental viewpoint, we should act to minimize the negative factors of ICT and maximize the positive ones. To this end, both the positive and negative environmental aspects of ICT shall be quantified. L.1400(11)_F01Dematerialization (digitization o

26、finformation)Reduction of movement andtransportationMaking industry and lifestyles more efficientetc.Consumption of energyConsumption of natural resourcesGeneration of wasteNegative aspects on environment Positive aspects on environmentMinimization towardsenvironmentally sustainable ICT SectorMaximi

27、zation towardsenvironmentally sustainable Societyshould quantify both environmental aspects Environmental loadreduction achievedby ICTEnvironmental loadcaused by ICTFigure 1 Environmental aspects of ICT The quantification of these two aspects is proposed by ITU-T with a series of Recommendations dea

28、ling with the methodology for the assessment of environmental impacts of: ICT goods, networks, and services ICT project vi Rec. ITU-T L.1400 (02/2011) ICT in organization ICT in cities. NOTE 1 Potentially some other administrative areas could be covered with the assessment of environmental impacts o

29、f cities. ICT in countries NOTE 2 A group of countries, for instance the European Union countries or OECD countries, regions inside a country and potentially some other administrative areas could be covered with the assessment of environmental impacts of countries. It should be noted that the assess

30、ment of impacts of ICT requires the definition of boundaries and that results of assessments may vary significantly depending upon the selection of boundaries. In all cases, boundaries should be documented. Additionally the Recommendations will include an overview of relevant standards created in ot

31、her SDOs (e.g., ISO 14040 and ISO 14044) noting that it is necessary to collaborate effectively internationally to avoid duplication and potentially conflicting points of view. Rec. ITU-T L.1400 (02/2011) 1 Recommendation ITU-T L.1400 Overview and general principles of methodologies for assessing th

32、e environmental impact of information and communication technologies 1 Scope This Recommendation specifies: the structure of the ITU-T L.1400-series of Recommendations, methodology of environmental impact assessment of ICT; general principles of methodology among Recommendations regarding the enviro

33、nmental impact assessment of ICT; mention of relevant methodologies in other SDOs; presentation of each Recommendation from the future ITU-T L.1400-series Recommendations on methodology. This Recommendation refers to documents that are being considered for preparation in the area of general principl

34、es of methodologies for assessing the environmental impact of ICTs. The specific designation of these documents (marked by *) will be indicated once approved for publication. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this tex

35、t, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition o

36、f the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ISO 14040 ISO 14040:2006, Environme

37、ntal management Life cycle assessment Principles and framework. ISO 14044 ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelines. ISO 14064-1 ISO 14064-1:2006, Greenhouse gases Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and re

38、porting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals. ISO 14064-2 ISO 14064-2:2006, Greenhouse gases Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements. ISO 14064-3 ISO 14064-3:2006, Greenhou

39、se gases Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions. 2 Rec. ITU-T L.1400 (02/2011) 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: The following terms are defined in ISO 14064-1: 3.1.1

40、 GHG project: An activity or activities that alter the conditions identified in the baseline scenario which cause GHG emission reductions or GHG removal enhancements. 3.1.2 greenhouse gas (GHG): Gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs and emits radiation a

41、t specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earths surface, the atmosphere and clouds. GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). 3.1.3 greenhouse gas emi

42、ssion: Total mass of a GHG released to the atmosphere over a specified period of time. 3.1.4 greenhouse gas removal: Total mass of a GHG removed from the atmosphere over a specified period of time. 3.1.5 organization: Company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority or institution, or part or combi

43、nation thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration. 3.1.6 validation: Systematic, independent and documented process for the assessment of a greenhouse gas assertion in a GHG project plan against agreed validation criteria. 3.1.7 verificatio

44、n criteria: Policy, procedure or requirement used as a reference against which evidence is compared. Validation or verification criteria may be established by governments, GHG programmes, voluntary reporting initiatives, standards or good practice guidance. The following term is defined in ISO 14064

45、-2. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation The definitions hereafter are related to a wide targeted scope of assessment of impacts. The exact coverage of each Recommendation from the ITU-T L.1400-series Recommendations will be improved and further developed in each version of each Recommendation.

46、This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 ICT goods The tangible products deriving from, or making use, of technologies devoted to, or concerned with (a) the study and application of data and the processing thereof; i.e., the automatic acquisition, storage, manipulation (including trans

47、formation), management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission or reception of a diversity of data; (b) the development and use of the hardware, software, and procedures associated with this delivery; and (c) the representation, transfer, interpretation, and processing of d

48、ata among persons, places, and machines, noting that the meaning assigned to the data must be preserved during these operations. This definition may be improved and further developed or complemented in the different ITU-T L.1400-series Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T L.1400 (02/2011) 3 3.2.2 ICT network

49、s A set of nodes and links that provide physical, or over the air, information and communication connections between two or more defined points. This definition may be improved and further developed or complemented in different ITU-T L.1400-series Recommendations to be prepared in the future. Examples are wireless network, fixed network, local area network (LAN), home network and server network, access networks, core networks, cloud computing networks. 3.2.3 ICT services The combination of ICT go