1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T L.1500 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (06/2014) SERIES L: CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT Framework for information and communication technologies and
2、 adaptation to the effects of climate change Recommendation ITU-T L.1500 Rec. ITU-T L.1500 (06/2014) i Recommendation ITU-T L.1500 Framework for information and communication technologies and adaptation to the effects of climate change Summary Recommendation ITU-T L.1500 describes a framework for in
3、formation and communication technologies (ICTs) and adaptation to the effects of climate change. This framework identifies and defines the basis for development of the following Recommendations: Recommendation ITU-T L.1501 on how countries can utilize ICTs to adapt to the effects of climate change.
4、It will also provide a framework and a checklist for countries to integrate ICTs into their national strategies for adaptation to climate change. Examples of checklists, use-cases, best practices, guidelines, consideration points, etc. will be added when appropriate. A future Recommendation on how t
5、o adapt the ICT infrastructure to the effects of climate change. It will provide a set of guidelines, requirements and best practices to be referred to during operation, maintenance, upgrade and improvement of existing ICT infrastructure and when planning, designing and constructing ICT projects, go
6、ods, networks and services to adapt to the effects of climate change. Examples of checklists, use-cases, best practices, guidelines, consideration points, etc. will be added when appropriate. A future Recommendation on how ICTs can help cities to adapt to the effects of climate change. It will also
7、provide a framework and a checklist to assist municipal authorities in the implementation of ICT-based solutions in cities climate change adaptation strategies. Examples of checklists, use-cases, best practices, guidelines, consideration points, etc. will be added when appropriate. History Edition R
8、ecommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T L.1500 2014-06-22 5 11.1002/1000/12138 Keywords Adaptation, climate change, ICT. _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For examp
9、le, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T L.1500 (06/2014) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardiz
10、ation Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which m
11、eets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-T
12、s purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation i
13、s voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“
14、 and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may i
15、nvolve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this R
16、ecommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent databas
17、e at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T L.1500 (06/2014) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined
18、elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 1 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 1 5 Climate change adaptation 2 5.1 Description of Recommendation ITU-T L.1501 on how countries can utilize ICTs to adapt to the effects of climate change 2 5.2 Studies on how information and communication technolo
19、gy (ICT) can adapt to the effects of climate change 3 5.3 Studies on how ICTs can help cities to adapt to the effects of climate change . 3 Bibliography. 4 iv Rec. ITU-T L.1500 (06/2014) Introduction Information and communication technologies (ICTs) deliver innovative products and services which are
20、 transforming the way human societies live. At the same time, ICTs enable other sectors, such as manufacturing, logistics, buildings and electric grids, to develop and work more efficiently. On the other hand, the adverse effects of climate change pose a threat to the development and sustainability
21、of the ICT sector and related sectors. To ensure sustainability of the ICT sector and other sectors it is important to develop adaptation strategies to address the effects of climate change. There are key areas of action to be considered in the design of ICTs and climate change adaptation strategies
22、, including policy development and the establishment of adequate structures and processes. At the sectoral level, sector-specific strategies need to be developed to ensure sustainable development in the face of climate variability and change. ICTs therefore have a strategic role to play in ensuring
23、the adaptability of other sectors. Furthermore, the ICTs themselves are is vulnerable to the effects of climate change and should strategically evolve to adapt infrastructure to such changes. This can be done at several levels, from the international, national, sectoral and community level, as shown
24、 in Figure 1. Figure 1 ICTs and a framework for adaptation to climate change1 The differences in strategic approach at various levels, and between the ICT sector and other sectors, bring out a need for several adaptation approaches specific to the ICT sector and for countries to use. _ 1 The diagram
25、 is based on b-ITU-T Ghana Case Study ITU-T Report (2012), Information and communication technologies (ICTs) and climate change adaptation and mitigation: The case of Ghana 2012. http:/www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/4B/01/T4B010000020001PDFE.pdf Rec. ITU-T L.1500 (06/2014) 1 Recommendation ITU-T L.15
26、00 Framework for information and communication technologies and adaptation to the effects of climate change 1 Scope This Recommendation describes the framework for using ICTs in adaptation to the effects of climate change. This Recommendation will define the scope of the subsequent three Recommendat
27、ions to be published within this framework. This Recommendation does not provide strategies or best practices for climate change adaptation as these will be provided in the Recommendations developed within this framework. 2 References None. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendati
28、on uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 climate change b-IPCC 2007 and b-IPPC SPM: Climate change refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) uses a relatively broad
29、definition, referring to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal p
30、rocesses or external forces, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use. The IPCC makes a distinction between climate change that is directly attributable to human activities, and climate variability that is attributable to natural causes. For the purp
31、oses of this report, either definition may be suitable depending on the context of analysis. 3.1.2 climate change adaptation b-IPCC 2001: Adaptation to climate change can be defined as the adjustment in ecological, social or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and the
32、ir effects. It refers to changes in processes, practices and structures to moderate potential harm or benefit from opportunities associated with climate change. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation None. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acrony
33、ms: ICT Information and Communication Technology IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change MDG Millennium Development Goal UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2 Rec. ITU-T L.1500 (06/2014) 5 Climate change adaptation While climate change mitigation aims at tackling and
34、reducing the causes of climate changes, the climate change adaptation aims at adapting to the effects of climate changes by reducing social infrastructure damages and natural disasters and/or facilitating opportunities (for example, a flood can cause a natural disaster but can also provide a water r
35、esource supply opportunity). As the effects of climate change are felt with varying degrees of intensity across the globe, the need to foster actions aimed at adjusting and adapting to new climatic conditions is taking precedence in the international, national and sectoral policy agendas. Evidence f
36、rom the field indicates that climatic changes such as variations in rainfall or temperature patterns are having an impact on development dimensions such as food production, local livelihoods and finance, water supply, health and disease proliferation, human habitat and migrations, among others, adve
37、rsely affecting those countries and groups of populations that are more dependent on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture and natural resources. Especially vulnerable to those impacts are developing countries that possess limited resources and capacity to adapt and recover from the occurren
38、ce of climatic events. For them, climate change impacts aggravate the challenges faced in the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and pose further barriers to overcoming poverty and marginalization. Climate change adaptation can take the form of anticipatory or reactive, spontane
39、ous or planned actions that are undertaken by actors in response to climatic events. As climate change science predicts an increase of 2C in the average temperature of the planet above the pre-industrial level in the 21st century, efforts aimed at designing and implementing strategies to moderate, c
40、ope with and take advantage of the impacts of climate change are more urgent than ever before. Adaptation measures can be planned or autonomous and take multiple forms, ranging from strengthening local ICT infrastructure to withstand more severe periods of precipitation and floods, improving the man
41、agement of water resources to ensure sufficient supply during dry seasons, adopting more resistant seed varieties, and improving the dissemination of information as part of disaster preparedness and response programmes, among others. Ultimately, the severity of climate change impacts is closely link
42、ed to the levels of exposure and vulnerability that prevail within a given context. For the objectives of this Recommendation, adverse impacts are considered disasters when they produce widespread damage and cause severe alterations in the normal functioning of communities or societies. Thus, disast
43、er risk management and adaptation to climate change focus on reducing exposure and vulnerability, while contributing to increasing the resilience of vulnerable contexts to face the impacts of climatic events. According to the UNFCCC, “Most methods of adaptation involve some form of technology, which
44、 in the broadest sense includes not just material and equipment but also diverse forms of knowledge. Promoting the development and diffusion of technologies, know-how, and practices for adaptation are important activities for improving and enabling adaptation to climate change“ b-UNFCCC AC. Climate
45、change adaptation is gaining momentum as an area of priority action, particularly for developing countries that are at the forefront of climate change impacts. These countries have recognized that the adoption of adaptation efforts must be intensified in order to cope with the unavoidable yet uncert
46、ain impacts of the changing global climate. 5.1 Description of Recommendation ITU-T L.1501 on how countries can utilize ICTs to adapt to the effects of climate change The Recommendation describes how countries can utilize ICTs to adapt to the effects of climate change. It also provides a framework a
47、nd a checklist for countries to integrate ICTs into their national strategies for adaptation to climate change. This Recommendation has been designed to assist countries in integrating ICTs into their national climate change adaptation strategies. Recently, the effects of climate change seem to have
48、 grown quickly. In some cases it might already be too late or too costly to cope with the impact by improving the hardware, e.g., by making various social infrastructures physically strong, resilient and highly Rec. ITU-T L.1500 (06/2014) 3 durable. It is therefore extremely important to make the be
49、st use of ICTs in saving human lives and minimizing social damages and difficulties. Special attention should be given to remote and rural areas in developing countries here the social infrastructure and economic support are weak and thus effects and impacts of climate change could lead to worse damages than in cities and in developed countries. 5.2 Studies on how information and communication technology (ICT) can adapt to the effects of climate change ITU-T is currently developing a Recommendation on how information a
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