1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T P.862.3TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (11/2007) SERIES P: TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION QUALITY, TELEPHONE INSTALLATIONS, LOCAL LINE NETWORKS Methods for objective and subjective assessment of quality Application guide for objective quality meas
2、urement based on Recommendations P.862, P.862.1 and P.862.2 ITU-T Recommendation P.862.3 ITU-T P-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION QUALITY, TELEPHONE INSTALLATIONS, LOCAL LINE NETWORKS Vocabulary and effects of transmission parameters on customer opinion of transmission quality Series P.
3、10 Subscribers lines and sets Series P.30 P.300 Transmission standards Series P.40 Objective measuring apparatus Series P.50 P.500 Objective electro-acoustical measurements Series P.60 Measurements related to speech loudness Series P.70 Methods for objective and subjective assessment of quality Seri
4、es P.80 P.800 Audiovisual quality in multimedia services Series P.900 Transmission performance and QoS aspects of IP end-points Series P.1000 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Rec. P.862.3 (11/2007) i ITU-T Recommendation P.862.3 Application guide for obje
5、ctive quality measurement based on Recommendations P.862, P.862.1 and P.862.2 Summary ITU-T Recommendation P.862.3 provides some important remarks that should be taken into account in the objective quality evaluation of speech conforming to ITU-T Recommendations P.862, P.862.1 and P.862.2. Users of
6、ITU-T Recommendation P.862 should understand and follow the guidance given in this Recommendation. This Recommendation forms a supplementary guide for users of ITU-T Recommendation P.862, which recommends a means of estimating listening speech quality by using reference and degraded speech samples.
7、The scope of ITU-T Recommendation P.862 is clearly defined in itself. This Recommendation does not extend or narrow the scope, but provides necessary and important information for obtaining stable, reliable and meaningful objective measurement results in practice. Source ITU-T Recommendation P.862.3
8、 was approved on 13 November 2007 by ITU-T Study Group 12 (2005-2008) under the ITU-T Recommendation A.8 procedure. ii ITU-T Rec. P.862.3 (11/2007) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and co
9、mmunication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis.
10、 The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resoluti
11、on 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and
12、 a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure e.g. interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met.
13、 The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibil
14、ity that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Reco
15、mmendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest informatio
16、n and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. ITU-T Rec. P.862.3 (11/2007) iii CONTENTS Page 1 S
17、cope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 General remarks 3 6.1 Testing factors 3 6.2 Applications 4 7 Characteristics of the reference signals 4 7.1 Length of signal 4 7.2 Active speech 5 7.3 Temporal structure 5 7.4 Active speech level. 5 7.5 Applicati
18、on of artificial voice. 5 7.6 Requirements for speech recordings 5 7.7 Variation in talker and speech content . 6 7.8 Leading and trailing silences 6 7.9 Pre-filtering. 6 7.10 Noise floor 6 7.11 Implementations issues. 7 8 Characteristics of the degraded signal to be assessed. 7 8.1 Difference in ac
19、tive speech duration between reference and degraded speech signal. 8 8.2 Active speech level. 8 8.3 Difference in duration of leading and trailing silence between reference and degraded speech. 8 9 Characteristics of signal insertion and capturing paths 8 9.1 Influence of measurement circuits and te
20、st configuration in the insertion path . 9 9.2 Influence of measurement circuits and test configuration in the capture path . 10 10 Analysis of the results. 10 10.1 Averaging the measurement results 10 10.2 Reliability of the PESQ measurements results 10 10.3 Accuracy values of the PESQ measurements
21、. 11 10.4 Interpretation of the accuracys results . 12 11 Report of results 12 12 Guidance for using P.862.2 wideband extension to P.862 . 13 iv ITU-T Rec. P.862.3 (11/2007) Page 13 Use of P.862.1 and P.862.2 use for EVRC type of codecs and evaluation of CDMA networks. 13 14 Comparing objective with
22、 subjective score 14 Appendix I Reference values for objective quality derived by ITU-T Recommendation P.862 for ITU-T/GSM standard codecs. 15 I.1 Reference value sources . 15 I.2 Pre-processing of source speech. 17 I.3 Processing of G.711 18 I.4 Processing of G.726 18 I.5 Processing of G.728, G.729
23、, Annex A/G.729 and G.723.1 . 18 I.6 Processing of MNRU . 18 Appendix II Test databases for P.862/P.862.1 22 Appendix III Report of P.862/P.862.1 measurements 23 III.1 Report and interpretation of the average PESQ results 23 III.2 Report and interpretation of individual PESQ measurement results 23 A
24、ppendix IV Calibration method for proprietary interfaces. 25 IV.1 Calibration of the transmit level (near end) of the test equipment . 25 IV.2 Calibration of the receive level (far end) of the test equipment . 25 Bibliography. 26 ITU-T Rec. P.862.3 (11/2007) 1 ITU-T Recommendation P.862.3 Applicatio
25、n guide for objective quality measurement based on Recommendations P.862, P.862.1 and P.862.2 1 Scope This Recommendation provides some important remarks that should be taken into account in the objective quality evaluation of speech conforming to ITU-T P.862, ITU-T P.862.1 and ITU-T P.862.2. Users
26、of ITU-T P.862 should understand and follow the guidance given in this Recommendation. This Recommendation forms a supplementary guide for users of ITU-T P.862, which recommends a means of estimating listening speech quality by using reference and degraded speech samples. It cannot be used for the a
27、ssessment of talking quality or interaction quality. It assumes that an objective quality estimation algorithm strictly conforms to ITU-T P.862. This can be confirmed by the conformance test provided as an annex to ITU-T P.862. The scope of ITU-T P.862 is clearly defined in itself. This Recommendati
28、on does not extend or narrow the scope, but provides necessary and important information for obtaining stable, reliable and meaningful objective measurement results in practice. Applications and limitations associated with the wideband extension to P.862 defined in ITU-T P.862.2 are discussed in cla
29、use 12. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to
30、 revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within
31、 this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T P.50 ITU-T Recommendation P.50 (1999), Artificial voices. ITU-T P.56 ITU-T Recommendation P.56 (1993), Objective measurement of active speech level. ITU-T P.501 ITU-T Recommendation P.501 (2007),
32、Test signals for use in telephonometry. ITU-T P.800 ITU-T Recommendation P.800 (1996), Methods for subjective determination of transmission quality. ITU-T P.830 ITU-T Recommendation P.830 (1996), Subjective performance assessment of telephone-band and wideband digital codecs. ITU-T P.862 ITU-T Recom
33、mendation P.862 (2001), Perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ): An objective method for end-to-end speech quality assessment of narrow-band telephone networks and speech codecs. ITU-T P.862.1 ITU-T Recommendation P.862.1 (2003), Mapping function for transforming P.862 raw result scores to MO
34、S-LQO. ITU-T P.862.2 ITU-T Recommendation P.862.2 (2007), Wideband extension to Recommendation P.862 for the assessment of wideband telephone networks and speech codecs. 2 ITU-T Rec. P.862.3 (11/2007) 3 Definitions This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.1 source speech/signal: The origin
35、al speech signal without any degradation. This should be recorded and stored conforming to ITU-T P.830. It may or may not be the same as reference speech defined below. 3.2 reference speech/signal: The speech signal to be used by the ITU-T P.862 algorithm as a reference against which the effects of
36、the system under test are revealed. 3.3 input speech/signal: The signal fed into the system under test at the signal insertion point. It is derived from the reference speech signal. It may be identical to the reference signal or it may be processed by e.g., overlaying it with noise. Further informat
37、ion is provided in clause 7.10. 3.4 degraded speech/signal: The reference speech that has passed through the system under test. 3.5 signal insertion path: Consists of the connection path (wiring, electronics, etc.) between the reference signal to the ITU-T P.862 algorithm and the input interface, ca
38、lled the insertion point. Figure 1 divides an example test circuit into insertion path, system under test, and capture path, and shows possible insertion and capture points in the case of hardware measurements. The particular insertion and capture points will depend on the specific system under test
39、 and the configuration of the test set-up. Figure 1 Example of measurement set-up and terminology 3.6 signal capture path: Consists of the connection path between the capture point (output interface with the network under test) and the ITU-T P.862 algorithm (see Figure 1). 3.7 dBov: The value in dB
40、relative to the overload point of a digital system. According to ITU-T Recommendation G.711, 0 dBm0 in analogue representation corresponds to 6.15 dBov and 6.18 dBov for A-law and -law codecs, respectively. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronym
41、s: IRS Intermediate Reference System MOS Mean Opinion Score ITU-T Rec. P.862.3 (11/2007) 3 MOS-LQO Mean Opinion Score Listening Quality Objective (an estimation of subjective listening quality using an objective measurement technique) MOS-LQS Mean Opinion Score Listening Quality Subjective (a direct
42、 measurement of listening quality using subjective ratings of samples) PESQ Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality RMS Root Mean Square 5 Conventions It is recommended that raw results from ITU-T P.862 measurements be converted to MOS-LQO (as defined in ITU-T Recommendation P.800.1) using the relat
43、ion defined in ITU-T P.862.1.1. This will prevent potential confusion in comparison and interpretation of results due to the superficial similarity of the two scales. 6 General remarks This clause gives supplementary remarks about the scope of ITU-T P.862. The scope itself is summarized in ITU-T P.8
44、62 quite clearly. The reliability and consistency of the results are dependent on several factors, for example: Number of calls. Number of measurements. Length of speech samples. Type of speech used, e.g., natural or artificial. These factors, and the following considerations, affect the structure a
45、nd complexity of the tests: Purpose of the measurements (e.g., for benchmarking connections, routine monitoring or fault diagnosis). Transmission channel characteristics (e.g., do the channel characteristics vary over time such as with mobile or some types of VoIP connection?). Time available to mak
46、e the measurements (which may impact on the scope of the testing). Where it is suspected that certain connection types may be affected by busy-hour conditions, it may also be important to carry out a number of sequences of measurements at different times throughout the day. The test structure used s
47、hould always be quoted in conjunction with processed values of MOS-LQO. 6.1 Testing factors ITU-T P.862 is validated for the evaluation of test factors, coding technologies and applications, which are listed in Table 1 of ITU-T P.862. In particular, care should be taken when one carries out live net
48、work testing since there might be some equipment that causes degradation that ITU-T P.862 cannot handle, e.g., artefacts caused by noise reduction systems, in between the signal insertion point and signal capture point. It is also known that PESQ underestimates severe linear frequency response disto
49、rtions. This applies especially to, e.g., bandwidth limitations narrower than 300 Hz . 3.4 kHz. _ 1The detailed procedure for obtaining MOS-LQO can be found in clause 10. 4 ITU-T Rec. P.862.3 (11/2007) Use of ITU-T P.862 with systems that include noise suppression algorithms between the signal insertion point and the signal capture point is not recommended. 6.2 Applications ITU-T P.862 can be used as a means for live network testing, in which one evaluates the system under liv
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