1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Series LTELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 2(12/2013) SERIES L: CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT ITU-T L.1410 Case studies ITU-T L-series Recommendations Supplement 2 L series
2、Supplement 2 (12/2013) i Supplement 2 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations ITU-T L.1410 Case studies Summary Supplement 2 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations has been developed to provide examples to assess the life cycle environmental impact of ICT goods, networks and services (GNS) based on Recommendat
3、ion ITU-T L.1410. This Supplement focuses on illustrating the results of reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that have been achieved through increased efficiency in ICT services. These results represent a small number of the many examples that are expected to supplement Recommendation ITU-T L.141
4、0 in the future. This Supplement is intended for implementers and organizations developing ICT services, and persons responsible for the deployment of sustainable ICT services, including office workers, policy makers and those in academia. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique I
5、D*1.0 ITU-T L Suppl. 2 2013-12-13 5 11.1002/1000/12140-en _ *To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii L series Supplement 2 (12/201
6、3) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for s
7、tudying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study g
8、roups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis wit
9、h ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this publication is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory provisions (to
10、 ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words do
11、es not suggest that compliance with the publication is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this publication may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the
12、 evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development process. As of the date of approval of this publication, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which ma
13、y be required to implement this publication. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be re
14、produced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. L series Supplement 2 (12/2013) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Abbreviations and acronyms 1 4 Conventions 2 5 Framework of case studies . 2 6 Case study 1: Assessment of GHG emissions reduction th
15、rough improved office work efficiency . 6 6.1 Goal and scope . 6 6.2 Life cycle inventory 7 6.3 Assessment results and analysis . 10 6.4 Critical review 12 7 Case study 2: Supply chain management system . 13 7.1 Goal and scope . 13 7.2 Life cycle inventory 17 7.3 Results of the evaluation and discus
16、sion 20 7.4 Life cycle interpretation . 23 7.5 Critical review 23 8 Case study 3: Waste disposal area 23 8.1 Goal and scope . 23 8.2 Life cycle inventory 28 8.3 Results of the evaluation and discussion 31 8.4 Life cycle interpretation . 35 8.5 Critical review 35 9 Case study 4: Building an energy ma
17、nagement system 35 9.1 Goal and scope . 36 9.2 Life cycle inventory 38 9.3 Results of the evaluation 40 9.4 Life cycle interpretation . 41 9.5 Critical review 42 10 Case study 5: Home energy management system . 42 10.1 Goal and scope . 42 10.2 Life cycle inventory 45 10.3 Results of the evaluation 4
18、8 10.4 Life cycle interpretation . 50 10.5 Critical review 51 Bibliography. 52 L series Supplement 2 (12/2013) 1 Supplement 2 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations ITU-T L.1410 Case studies 1 Scope Information and communication technology (ICT) has a major role to play in addressing the worlds environme
19、ntal challenges. Indeed, ITU-T L.1410 and ITU-T L.1400 have been developed to identify ICT potential to enable significant efficiencies in lifestyle and all sectors of the economy through digital solutions. Such solutions can improve energy efficiency, storage management and business efficiency by r
20、educing travel and transportation, e.g., through teleworking and video conferencing, and by substituting physical products with digital information, e.g., e-commerce. This Supplement provides examples to assess the life cycle environmental impact of ICT goods, networks and services based on ITU-T L.
21、1410. It focuses on illustrating the results of reduced greenhouse gas emissions that have been achieved through increased efficiency in ICT services. These cases represent a small number of the many examples that are expected to supplement ITU-T L.1410 in the future. To overcome complexity, the cas
22、e studies adopt a so-called hybrid approach where both process sum and economic input-output are used for the assessment. ITU-T L.1410 recommends that, as a rule, preference be given to the process sum approach, but acknowledges the use of a hybrid approach to overcome restrictions related to scale
23、and complexity. This approach is explained in ITU-T L.1410 (see clause 5.2.3.1.1 of ITU-T L.1410). To implement environmental impact assessments based on ITU-T L.1410 and to utilize the results of such assessments, implementers would need to refer to some best-case practices showing examples of effo
24、rts to reduce environmental impact and their related performance assessment. This Supplement is intended for implementers and organizations developing ICT services, and persons responsible for the deployment of sustainable ICT services, including office workers, policy makers and those in academia.
25、2 References ITU-T L.1400 Recommendation ITU-T L.1400 (2011), Overview and general principles of methodologies for assessing the environmental impact of information and communication technologies. ITU-T L.1410 Recommendation ITU-T L.1410 (2012), Methodology for the assessment of the environmental im
26、pact of information and communication technology goods, networks and services. ISO 14040 ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles and framework. ISO 14044 ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelines. 3 Abbreviations and
27、acronyms This Supplement uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: CO2Carbon Dioxide EoLT End-of-Life Treatment 2 L series Supplement 2 (12/2013) FEPCO Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan GHG Greenhouse Gas GNS Goods, Networks and Services JEMAI Japan Environmental Management Associ
28、ation for Industry ICT Information and Communication Technology LCA Life Cycle Assessment LCI Life Cycle Inventory 4 Conventions None. 5 Framework of case studies Table 5-1 describes the cases covered in this Supplement. Since these examples cover limited areas, additional examples are expected to r
29、einforce this supplement in the future. Clauses referenced in Table 5-1 are from ITU-T L.1410. 3 L series Supplement 2 (12/2013) Table 5-1 Mapping of case studies Title of case study Goal (see clauses 5.2.2.1 and 6.2.2) Effect of ICT usage (see clauses 5.2.2.3.5 and 6.1.2) Boundary (clauses 5.2.2.3
30、and 6.2.2.2 ) Used inventory (see clauses 5.2.3 and 6.2.3 ) Environmental impact category Life cycle stage covered (see clause 5.2.2.3.6) Category covered (see clauses 5.2.2.3.2 and 6.2.2.3.2) Assessment period (see clauses 5.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.1) Primary data Secondary data Office work efficiency To s
31、how an assessment of reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through office work efficiency. Reduction in paper use and increase in work efficiency All All except for: transport travel One year Price of hardware Operating time Office space Weight of end-of-life hardware CO2conversion factors Pow
32、er consumption Climate change (GHG) Supply chain management system To show an assessment of reduction of GHG emissions in supply chain management systems. Efficient management system of inventory control and transport All except for: raw material acquisition, production and end-of-life treatment (Eo
33、LT) of transport All except for: travel One year Transport weight Transport distance Weight of end-of-life hardware CO2conversion factors Climate change (GHG) 4 L series Supplement 2 (12/2013) Table 5-1 Mapping of case studies Title of case study Goal (see clauses 5.2.2.1 and 6.2.2) Effect of ICT us
34、age (see clauses 5.2.2.3.5 and 6.1.2) Boundary (clauses 5.2.2.3 and 6.2.2.2 ) Used inventory (see clauses 5.2.3 and 6.2.3 ) Environmental impact category Life cycle stage covered (see clause 5.2.2.3.6) Category covered (see clauses 5.2.2.3.2 and 6.2.2.3.2) Assessment period (see clauses 5.2.2.1 and
35、6.2.2.1) Primary data Secondary data Waste disposal To show an assessment of reduction of GHG emissions in waste disposal. Visualization of weight of waste All except for: raw material acquisition, production and EoLT of transport raw material acquisition, production and EoLT of storage of goods All
36、 except for: travel work environment One year Weight of waste Price of hardware Weight of end-of-life hardware CO2conversion factors Climate change (GHG) Building energy management system (BEMS) To show an assessment of reduction of GHG emissions in building energy management systems. Automatic powe
37、r saving control and visualization of office equipment All except for: raw material acquisition, production and EoLT of the working environment; the unaltered processes before and after introduction of ICTs All except for: consumables and other support products site infrastructure transport travel s
38、torage of goods One day Value of electric power consumption Price of hardware Weight of end-of-life hardware CO2conversion factors Climate change (GHG) 5 L series Supplement 2 (12/2013) Table 5-1 Mapping of case studies Title of case study Goal (see clauses 5.2.2.1 and 6.2.2) Effect of ICT usage (se
39、e clauses 5.2.2.3.5 and 6.1.2) Boundary (clauses 5.2.2.3 and 6.2.2.2 ) Used inventory (see clauses 5.2.3 and 6.2.3 ) Environmental impact category Life cycle stage covered (see clause 5.2.2.3.6) Category covered (see clauses 5.2.2.3.2 and 6.2.2.3.2) Assessment period (see clauses 5.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.1
40、) Primary data Secondary data Home energy management system To show an assessment of reduction of GHG emissions through home energy management system. Automatic power saving control and visualization of household appliances All except for: raw material acquisition, production and EoLT of site infras
41、tructure; the unaltered processes before and after introduction of ICTs All except for: consumables and other support products transport travel storage of goods working environment One week Electricity consumptions Value of specification Price of hardware Weight of the end-of-life hardware CO2conver
42、sion factors Climate change (GHG) NOTE All clause references refer to ITU-T L.1410. 6 L series Supplement 2 (12/2013) The following areas are covered by case studies: General requirements (see clauses 5.2.1 and 6.2.1 of ITU-T L.1410) Goal and scope (see clauses 5.2.2 and 6.2.2 of ITU-T L.1410) Life
43、cycle inventory (see clauses 5.2.3 and 6.2.3 of ITU-T L.1410) Assessment results and analysis (see clauses 5.3 and 6.3 of ITU-T L.1410) Discussion (see clauses 5.4 and 6.4 of ITU-T L.1410). Assessments were carried out on the basis of ITU-T L.1410, ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. 6 Case study 1: Assessment
44、 of GHG emissions reduction through improved office work efficiency 6.1 Goal and scope 6.1.1 Goal of the study The goal of this study was to provide an assessment of the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through work efficiency in the office. For business entities to implement suitable env
45、ironmental impact assessments based on ITU-T L.1410 they would need to refer to best-case practices, used to reduce environmental impact, as well as relevant performance assessments. This case study is intended as an example of the calculation of reduction of GHG emissions on the basis of ITU-T L.14
46、10. ITU-T L.1410 requires the calculation of six GHGs, but only carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were calculated in this study, mainly because of the difficulty in acquiring adequate high-quality data. 6.1.2 ICT services As shown in Table 6-1, this study focused on administrative tasks, financial and
47、contracting tasks, general document management tasks, and business document circulation tasks (refer to Table 1) set at the Nakano Ward Office in Tokyo, Japan, which uses about 2,000 computer terminals operated by 2,281 employees. The companys old client-server system was replaced by a new web-serve
48、r system to increase work efficiency and to reduce the amount of paper used. Previously, with the client-server system, the entire book-keeping system was paper-based. This was labour intensive and required storage space for paper documents (i.e., hard copies). A web-server system was installed that
49、 made it possible for over 90 per cent of document circulation and approval to be done electronically, thus improving work efficiency. The new electronic archival system also made the retrieval of essential documents simpler and reduced storage space. Replacement of the server and assessment of the results of its installation were conducted from February to March 2012. Table 6-1 Subject of the study Tasks E
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