1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Series L TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 3 (12/2013) SERIES L: CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT ITU-T L.1430 Guidance on practical applicatio
2、n of ITU-T L.1430 to a real-time navigation service ITU-T L-series Recommendations Supplement 3 L series Supplement 3 (12/2013) i Supplement 3 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations ITU-T L.1430 Guidance on practical application of ITU-T L.1430 to a real-time navigation service Summary The real-time navi
3、gation service (RNS) is composed of satellite navigation system-based software which provides real-time information of the optimal route to the destination according to traffic conditions throughout the travel as well as the available parking spaces nearby. The transport sector is expected to save o
4、n energy consumption by adopting RNS. Based on the experiences from a Korean study, Supplement 3 to the L-series Recommendations describes how to indirectly estimate energy consumption reduction and greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement potential related to RNS. Future revisions may look into direct estima
5、tion methods. This Supplement is bounded to Recommendation ITU-T L.1430, but gives further guidance on boundary setting, GHG accounting and baseline scenario development, and on measurement, verification and monitoring methods from the information and communication technology (ICT) based RNS project
6、 perspective. Whereas Recommendation ITU-T L.1430 focuses on the net environmental impact of ICT services from the entire life cycle perspective, this Supplement describes only the environmental impact of RNS during the use stage compared to one in a baseline scenario. History Edition Recommendation
7、 Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T L Suppl. 3 2013-12-13 5 11.1002/1000/12141-en Keywords Climate change, greenhouse gas, information and communication technology, real-time navigation service. _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your
8、web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii L series Supplement 3 (12/2013) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and co
9、mmunication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis.
10、 The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resoluti
11、on 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a
12、recognized operating agency. Compliance with this publication is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words
13、 “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the publication is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the p
14、ractice or implementation of this publication may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication developme
15、nt process. As of the date of approval of this publication, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strong
16、ly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. L series Supplement 3 (12/2013) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Ref
17、erences . 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Supplement 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 5 Conventions 4 6 Overview of RNS . 4 7 General approach to assess the environmental impacts of ICT service 5 7.1 Methodological limitations . 5 7.2 Introduction to RNS-rel
18、ated GHG projects 6 7.3 Defining the elements of the ICT service . 7 8 RNS project planning . 8 8.1 Identifying RNS project activity 8 8.2 Defining the assessment boundary of an RNS project . 8 8.3 Determining the baseline and project activity 8 8.4 Consideration of life cycle assessment . 11 8.5 Fi
19、rst order effects of RNS . 11 8.6 Second order effects of RNS project activity . 11 8.7 Other effects . 14 9 RNS project validation . 15 10 RNS project monitoring 15 11 RNS Project quantification . 16 11.1 Calculation of baseline emissions 19 11.2 Calculation of project emission for each route . 20
20、11.3 Calculation of GHG emission reduction of RNS project . 22 Bibliography. 24 L series Supplement 3 (12/2013) 1 Supplement 3 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations ITU-T L.1430 Guidance on practical application of ITU-T L.1430 to a real-time navigation service 1 Scope The purpose of this Supplement is
21、to provide supplementary guidance to ITU-T L.1430 to help practitioners and organizations assess greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potential enabled by an information and communication technology (ICT) based real-time navigation service (RNS). This Supplement illustrates general principles, co
22、ncepts, requirements and methods for quantifying and monitoring GHG emission reductions or removal that result from an increased transportation efficiency due to the technological intervention of an RNS solution, one ICT application in the transport sector. ITU-T L.1430 provides general guidance for
23、 assessing potential energy saving and GHG abatement achieved by ICT based projects. This Supplement intends to provide specific guidance for assessing energy savings and GHG abatement potential of an ICT project involving an RNS. Especially, this methodology focuses on an RNS based on the smart-pho
24、ne appliance. Based on the experiences from a Korean study, this guidance describes how to indirectly estimate energy consumption reduction and GHG abatement potential related to RNS. Future revisions may look into direct estimation methods. This Supplement intends to provide a general guidance for:
25、 planning of a real-time navigation project and defining its baseline and project scenario; quantifying GHG emission reduction enabled by the project activities; managing data quality; monitoring the project performance; and validating quantification methods by applying the conservative principle. T
26、he intended audience of this Supplement is policy makers at the national level who might require information to design an effective climate change policy framework to utilize ICT enabled energy efficiency measures in the transport sector as well as practitioners and organizations developing and offe
27、ring RNS. This Supplement might offer high relevancy to policy makers and technology advisors in intelligent transport system (ITS) domain. 2 References ITU-T L.1410 Recommendation ITU-T L.1410 (2012), Methodology for the assessment of the environmental impact of information and communication techno
28、logy goods, networks and services. ITU-T L.1430 Recommendation ITU-T L.1430, Methodology for assessment of the environmental impact of information and communication technology greenhouse gas and energy projects. ISO 14044 ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements an
29、d guidelines. ISO 14064-2 ISO 14064-2, Greenhouse gases Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements. 2 L series Supplement 3 (12/2013) 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere Thi
30、s Supplement uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 baseline scenario ISO 14064-2: A hypothetical reference case that best represents the conditions most likely to occur in the absence of a proposed greenhouse gas project. 3.1.2 first order effects ITU-T L.1410: The environmental impacts
31、and opportunities created by the physical existence of ICT and the processes involved, e.g., GHG emissions, e-waste, use of hazardous substances and use of scarce, non-renewable resources. 3.1.3 functional unit ISO 14044: Quantified performance of a product system for use as a reference unit. 3.1.4
32、GHG project ISO 14064-2: Activity or activities that alter the conditions identified in the baseline scenario which cause greenhouse gas emission reductions or greenhouse gas removal enhancements. 3.1.5 greenhouse gas, GHG ISO 14064-2: Gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropo
33、genic, that absorbs and emits radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earths surface, the atmosphere, and clouds. 3.1.6 greenhouse gas emission ISO 14064-2: Total mass of a GHG released to the atmosphere over a specified period of time. 3.1.7 ICT pr
34、oject ITU-T L.1430: A GHG project using mainly ICT goods, networks and services, aiming at GHG emission reductions or GHG removal enhancements; and/or a GHG project using mainly ICT goods, networks, and services, aiming at energy consumption savings and energy efficiency improvement. 3.1.8 life cycl
35、e assessment ISO 14044: Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle. 3.1.9 monitoring ISO 14064-2: Continuous or periodic assessment of GHG emissions and removals or other GHG-related data. 3.1.10 other effec
36、ts ITU-T L.1410: These may include the impacts and opportunities created by the aggregated effects on social and infra-structural changes by using ICT. These additional impacts are difficult to track and can be either rebound or enabling effects. 3.1.11 project activity ITU-T L.1410: Any activity pe
37、rformed in a project which directly changes GHG emissions, removals or storage, and/or energy consumptions, energy consumption reductions, energy generation or energy storage enhancements. NOTE The project activity may include modifications or alterations to existing production, process, consumption
38、, service, or management system, as well as the introduction of new systems. Activities related to management of the project are not considered as project activities in this Recommendation. 3.1.12 second order effects ITU-T L.1410: The impacts and opportunities created by the use and application of
39、ICT. This includes environmental load reduction effects which can be either actual or potential, for example travel substitution, transportation efficiency enhancement, working environmental changes, use of environmental control systems, use of e-business, e-government etc. 3.2 Terms defined in this
40、 Supplement This Supplement defines the following terms: 3.2.1 baseline emissions: An estimation of GHG emissions, removals or storage associated with a baseline scenario. L series Supplement 3 (12/2013) 3 3.2.2 direct GHG emissions: Emissions or removals from GHG sources or sinks that are owned or
41、controlled by the project developer. 3.2.3 direct impact: The impact which occurs directly due to GHG emissions. 3.2.4 distance-priority route: A route which introduces the shortest distance from a departure point to a destination point regardless of expected time and velocity. 3.2.5 GHG project of
42、RNS: A GHG project which expects GHG emission reductions or GHG removal by implementing real-time navigation (RTN) itself. 3.2.6 position determination entity (PDE): A network entity which manages the position or geographic location determination of the mobile station. 3.2.7 real-time navigation ser
43、vice: A navigation service which provides time-priority routes (see Note) to drivers from departure points to destination points, enabling drivers to travel at higher speed and in less time. NOTE Real-time navigation systems provide routes based on a time-priority algorithm. 3.2.8 real-time traffic
44、information: Information about current traffic conditions conveyed to motorist in real-time. 3.2.9 satellite navigation system: A system of satellites that provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage. 3.2.10 time-priority route: A recommended route by real-time navigation, which
45、is expected to minimize the expected travel time from a departure point to a destination point. Therefore, this is a detour route with a relatively longer distance. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Supplement uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: CTICC Central Traffic Information and Commu
46、nication Centre GHG Greenhouse Gas GNS Goods, Networks and Services ICT Information Communication and Technology IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ISO International Standardization Organization ITS Intelligent Transport System ITU International Telecommunication Union LBS Location-based
47、 Service LCA Life Cycle Assessment LNG Liquefied Natural Gas PDA Personal Digital Assistant PDE Position Determination Entity RNS Real-time Navigation System RTN Real-time Navigation SVFE Standard Velocity and Fuel Efficiency VICS Vehicle Information and Communication System 4 L series Supplement 3
48、(12/2013) WBCSD World Business Council for Sustainable Development 5 Conventions None. 6 Overview of RNS The real-time navigation service (RNS) provided by a satellite navigation system and location-based service (LBS) based navigation system, is a basic component of an intelligent transport system
49、(ITS). This service interacts directly with drivers based on processed real-time traffic information generated by the ITS infrastructure. An RNS is comprised of a satellite navigation system, a mobile network, and a service platform consisting of a map database, a position determination entity (PDE) server and a navigation server. The satellite navigation system is a core element of an RNS. It combines the use of signals from satellites with interactive on-board maps, which ar
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