1、 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T Series QTELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 52(12/2004) SERIES Q: SWITCHING AND SIGNALLING NNI mobility management requirements for systems beyond IMT-2000 ITU-T Q-series Recommendations Supplement 52 ITU-T Q-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS
2、SWITCHING AND SIGNALLING SIGNALLING IN THE INTERNATIONAL MANUAL SERVICE Q.1Q.3 INTERNATIONAL AUTOMATIC AND SEMI-AUTOMATIC WORKING Q.4Q.59 FUNCTIONS AND INFORMATION FLOWS FOR SERVICES IN THE ISDN Q.60Q.99 CLAUSES APPLICABLE TO ITU-T STANDARD SYSTEMS Q.100Q.119 SPECIFICATIONS OF SIGNALLING SYSTEMS No.
3、 4, 5, 6, R1 AND R2 Q.120Q.499 DIGITAL EXCHANGES Q.500Q.599 INTERWORKING OF SIGNALLING SYSTEMS Q.600Q.699 SPECIFICATIONS OF SIGNALLING SYSTEM No. 7 Q.700Q.799 Q3 INTERFACE Q.800Q.849 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER SIGNALLING SYSTEM No. 1 Q.850Q.999 PUBLIC LAND MOBILE NETWORK Q.1000Q.1099 INTERWORKING WITH SATEL
4、LITE MOBILE SYSTEMS Q.1100Q.1199 INTELLIGENT NETWORK Q.1200Q.1699 SIGNALLING REQUIREMENTS AND PROTOCOLS FOR IMT-2000 Q.1700Q.1799 SPECIFICATIONS OF SIGNALLING RELATED TO BEARER INDEPENDENT CALL CONTROL (BICC) Q.1900Q.1999 BROADBAND ISDN Q.2000Q.2999 For further details, please refer to the list of I
5、TU-T Recommendations. Q series Supplement 52 (12/2004) i Supplement 52 to ITU-T Q-series Recommendations NNI mobility management requirements for systems beyond IMT-2000 Summary This Supplement identifies the mobility management requirements for Systems Beyond IMT-2000, based on ITU-T Recs Q.1702 7
6、and Q.1703 8 and ITU-R Rec. M.1645 23. A number of mobility management protocols are reviewed and analysed according to the identified requirements. Source Supplement 52 to ITU-T Q-series Recommendations was agreed on 16 December 2004 by ITU-T Study Group 19 (2005-2008). Keywords Mobility, mobility
7、management, mobility management protocols, mobility management requirements, systems Beyond IMT-2000. ii Q series Supplement 52 (12/2004) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication St
8、andardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA),
9、 which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall with
10、in ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this publication
11、 is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure e.g. interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and t
12、he negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the publication is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this publication may involve the
13、use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development process. As of the date of approval of this publication, IT
14、U had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. ITU 2005 All righ
15、ts reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Q series Supplement 52 (12/2004) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Abbreviations 2 4 Introduction 4 5 Considerations for mobility management in SBI2K 6 5.1 En
16、visaged network environments for SBI2K. 6 5.2 Interworking scenarios for SBI2K network . 7 5.3 Level of mobility support . 8 5.4 Basic mobility management functionalities . 9 5.5 Classification of mobility management 9 5.6 Consideration of 3GPP and 3GPP2 activities for inter-network MM supports. 11
17、6 Requirements for mobility management protocols for SBI2K. 11 6.1 Independence from network access technologies. 12 6.2 Harmonization with the IP-based core networks 12 6.3 Separation of control and transport functions 12 6.4 Provision of a location management function 12 6.5 Provision of mechanism
18、s for identification of users/terminals 12 6.6 Interworking with established AAA and security schemes 12 6.7 Provision of mechanisms for context transfer 13 6.8 Effective interworking among different level of MM protocols 13 6.9 Location privacy. 13 6.10 “Moving network“ support . 13 6.11 Paging sup
19、port with location management. 13 6.12 Support of IPv4 and IPv6 . 13 6.13 Provision of a handover management function for seamless services . 13 7 Existing mobility management protocols . 14 7.1 Mobile IP (MIP) . 14 7.2 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 16 7.3 Cellular IP (CIP). 17 7.4 mobile Stream
20、 Control Transmission Protocol (mSCTP) 20 7.5 3GPP mobility management protocols. 22 7.6 3GPP2 mobility management protocols. 24 7.7 BRAIN Candidate Mobility Protocol (BCMP) 26 iv Q series Supplement 52 (12/2004) Page 8 Analysis of the existing MM protocols for SBI2K. 29 8.1 Review of the existing M
21、MPs 29 8.2 Candidate mobility management protocols for mobility management 30 8.3 Concluding remarks 32 BIBLIOGRAPHY 33 Q series Supplement 52 (12/2004) 1 Supplement 52 to ITU-T Q-series Recommendations NNI mobility management requirements for systems beyond IMT-2000 1 Scope The scope of this Supple
22、ment is to identify Network-to-Network Interface (NNI) Mobility Management (MM) requirements for Systems Beyond IMT-2000 (SBI2K) and to analyse potential MM protocol candidates based on those requirements. In developing a common set of MM requirements, the following criteria have been applied: they
23、must be compatible with emerging IP-based networks; and they must be in line with relevant Vision, Harmonization, and Fixed/Mobile Convergence studies within ITU. The common set of MM requirements is then used to analyse various MM protocol candidates with the aim of: supporting global roaming and a
24、dvanced services; and to the extent possible, re-using the existing specifications from IETF, partner Standards Development Organizations (SDOs), Partnership Projects of 3GPP and 3GPP2, IEEE, and other relevant groups. In order to realize the Vision for SBI2K in the area of MM, it is essential to wo
25、rk closely with experts from the aforementioned and other relevant bodies to ensure a smooth migration path towards meeting longer-term MM requirements. 2 Definitions This Supplement defines the following terms: 2.1 mobility: The ability for a user to access subscribed services while in motion, and
26、the capability of the network to identify and locate the users terminal. 2.2 handover: The ability of a mobile user/terminal/network to change location while media streams are active. 2.3 home network: The network to which a mobile user is normally connected, or the service provider with which the m
27、obile user is associated, and where the users subscription information is managed. 2.4 visited network: The network outside a home network that provides service to a mobile user. 2.5 mobility management: The set of functions used to manage a mobile user accessing a local network other than that user
28、s home network. These functions include communication with the home network for purposes of authentication, authorization, location updating and download of user information. 2.6 network mobility: The ability of a network, where a set of fixed or mobile nodes are networked to each other, to change,
29、as a unit, its point of attachment to the corresponding network upon the networks movement itself. 2.7 roaming: The ability of a mobile user to get connectivity from a visited network. During roaming, a user is able to change network access points as he moves. However, his current service session is
30、 completely stopped at the old location and a new session is started at the new location, i.e., there is no handover. 2 Q series Supplement 52 (12/2004) 2.8 seamless handover: The process by which latency and data loss incurred during handover is within a range acceptable to users (e.g., below a cer
31、tain limit) for real-time services. 2.9 seamless service: A seamless service will prevent users from experiencing any service disruptions while maintaining mobility. 2.10 terminal mobility: This is mobility for those scenarios where the same terminal equipment is moving, or is used at different loca
32、tions. The ability of a terminal to access telecommunication services from different locations and while in motion, and the capability of the network to identify and locate that terminal. 3 Abbreviations This Supplement uses the following abbreviations: 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP2
33、3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting ACK Acknowledgement AE Application Entity AGW Access Gateway AN Access Network ANG Access Network Gateway ANP Anchor Point ANSI American National Standards Institute AR Access Router ASE Application Service Entity
34、BAR BRAIN Access Router BCMP BRAIN Candidate Mobility Protocol BR Border Router BS Base Station CCoA Co-located Care-of Address CH Correspondent Host CIP Cellular IP CN Core Network(s) CoA Care-of Address DB Database DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol EIR Equipment Identity Register FA Foreign
35、 Agent FM Family Member FMIP Fast Handover for MIP Q series Supplement 52 (12/2004) 3 GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network GFA Gateway FA GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node GPRS General Packet Radio Service GSM Global System for Mobile communication GTP GPRS Tunnelling Protocol HA Home Agent HLR Home Loc
36、ation Register HMIP Hierarchical MIP HoA Home Address HSS Home Subscriber Subsystem I2K International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 IETF Internet Engineering Task Force IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem IMT International Mobile Telecommunications INIT INITiation IOS Interoperability Specification IP Inte
37、rnet Protocol LMA Local Mobility Agent MAP Mobile Application Part MAP Mobility Anchor Point MIP Mobile IP MIPv4 Mobile IPv4 MIPv6 Mobile IPv6 MM Mobility Management MMD Multimedia Domain MMP Mobility Management Protocol MMR Mobility Management Requirements MN Mobile Node MS Mobile Station MSC Mobil
38、e Switching Centre mSCTP mobile Stream Control Transmission Protocol MT Mobile Terminal MT Mobile Termination NNI Network-to-Network Interface PC Paging Cache PDF Policy Decision Function 4 Q series Supplement 52 (12/2004) PDN Packet Data Network PDP Packet Data Protocol, e.g., IP PDS Packet Data Su
39、bsystem PDSN Packet Data Serving Node PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PMM Packet Mobility Management PS Packet Service QoS Quality of Service RAN Radio Access Network RC Routing Cache RFC Request For Comments SBI2K Systems Beyond IMT-2000 SCCP Signalling Connection Control Part SCTP Stream Control T
40、ransmission Protocol SDO Standards Development Organization SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node SIP Session Initiation Protocol SMS Short Message Service SS7 Signalling System No. 7 TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part TCP Transmission Control Protocol UA User Agent UAC User Agent Client UAS Us
41、er Agent Server UDP User Datagram Protocol UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System URI Uniform Resource Identifier UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network VLR Visitor Location Register WLAN Wireless LAN xDSL x Digital Subscriber Lines 4 Introduction The rationale behind Systems Beyon
42、d IMT-2000 (SBI2K) is the convergence of fixed and wireless networks and, ultimately, migration to interoperable and harmonized network architectures. This network trend is becoming an industry requirement and one of the purposes of such thrust is to provide services transparently to the users acros
43、s different access arrangements. This Supplement, Q series Supplement 52 (12/2004) 5 therefore, asks: “What new mobility management protocols or enhancements to the existing mobility management protocols are needed to support global user mobility and services in SBI2K?“ In this context, this Supplem
44、ent identifies the NNI mobility management requirements for SBI2K, based on ITU-T Recs Q.1702 and Q.1703 and ITU-R Rec. M.1645. According to the identified requirements, a number of mobility management protocols are reviewed and analysed with the aim of defining the scope of potential Mobility Manag
45、ement Protocol (MMP) solutions. The ability of mobile users to communicate anytime and from anywhere is a key inherent feature of mobile systems. This is facilitated through the use of radio access to allow users to communicate over radio frequencies, and through the use of mobility management proto
46、cols to keep track of mobile users locations at all times. Over the years, sophisticated MM techniques have been developed and deployed in mobile systems to effectively manage the registration, authentication, and movement of mobile users. These techniques, however, have been specific to each system
47、 deployed, and manage the movement of users within similar cooperating mobile systems (e.g., an IMT-2000 family member). Therefore, the provision of seamless service and mobility across heterogeneous systems has been problematic due to several factors: Differences in radio access technologies used;
48、Differences in available services and their non-portability; Differences in MM techniques deployed; and Lack of appropriate interoperability mechanisms to resolve the above differences between disparate mobile systems. With the massive growth in the number of mobile users and the continuing deployme
49、nt of heterogeneous systems (i.e., multiple IMT-2000 family members, Wireless LANs (WLANs), Bluetooth), the demand to provide seamless service to mobile users gets stronger with time, and such pursuit presents new challenges and requirements for new types of MM interoperable across heterogeneous systems. Moreover, future mobile networks are envisioned to have their core networks Internet Protocol (IP)-based, as noted in ITU-T Rec. Q.1702 and ITU-R Rec. M.1645 where the long-term visions for future mobile systems named SBI2K are
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