1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Series XTELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 19(04/2013) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY ITU-T X.1120-X.1139 series Supplement on security aspects of smartphones ITU-T X-series Recommendations Supplem
2、ent 19 ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS X.1X.199 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION X.200X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS X.300X.399 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400X.499 DIRECTORY X.500X.599 OSI NETWORKING AND SYSTEM ASPECTS X.600
3、X.699 OSI MANAGEMENT X.700X.799 SECURITY X.800X.849 OSI APPLICATIONS X.850X.899 OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900X.999 INFORMATION AND NETWORK SECURITY General security aspects X.1000X.1029 Network security X.1030X.1049 Security management X.1050X.1069 Telebiometrics X.1080X.1099 SECURE APPLICATIONS
4、 AND SERVICES Multicast security X.1100X.1109 Home network security X.1110X.1119 Mobile security X.1120X.1139 Web security X.1140X.1149 Security protocols X.1150X.1159 Peer-to-peer security X.1160X.1169 Networked ID security X.1170X.1179 IPTV security X.1180X.1199 CYBERSPACE SECURITY Cybersecurity X
5、.1200X.1229 Countering spam X.1230X.1249 Identity management X.1250X.1279 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES Emergency communications X.1300X.1309 Ubiquitous sensor network security X.1310X.1339 CYBERSECURITY INFORMATION EXCHANGE Overview of cybersecurity X.1500X.1519 Vulnerability/state exchange X.15
6、20X.1539 Event/incident/heuristics exchange X.1540X.1549 Exchange of policies X.1550X.1559 Heuristics and information request X.1560X.1569 Identification and discovery X.1570X.1579 Assured exchange X.1580X.1589 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. X series Suppleme
7、nt 19 (04/2013) i Supplement 19 to ITU-T X-series Recommendations ITU-T X.1120-X.1139 series Supplement on security aspects of smartphones Summary With the continuous development of functionalities and the expansion of applications, smartphones face many security threats. The objectives of Supplemen
8、t 19 to ITU-T X.1120 series of Recommendations are to protect the personal privacy of users and to improve information security of smartphones. In order to satisfy these security objectives, this Supplement specifies a hierarchical security framework and relevant security considerations for smartpho
9、nes. This Supplement identifies smartphone threats, which are categorized into vulnerabilities and attacks. With regard to the security framework, this Supplement provides necessary security solutions through system improvements and security tools. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group
10、 1.0 ITU-T X Suppl. 19 2013-04-26 17 Keywords Attack, security, smartphone, threat, vulnerability. ii X series Supplement 19 (04/2013) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication t
11、echnologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Te
12、lecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some
13、 areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized op
14、erating agency. Compliance with this publication is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or s
15、ome other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the publication is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or i
16、mplementation of this publication may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development process.
17、As of the date of approval of this publication, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to
18、consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. X series Supplement 19 (04/2013) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3
19、Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Supplement 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 General aspects . 3 6.1 Security background . 3 6.2 Characteristics of smartphones . 4 6.3 Smartphone assets 5 6.4 Security considerations . 6 7 Threats to smartphones
20、. 7 7.1 Overview of threats 7 7.2 Vulnerabilities of smartphones . 8 7.3 Attacks to smartphones . 9 8 Security framework of smartphones . 12 8.1 Security objectives 12 8.2 Security framework 12 8.3 Security considerations . 14 9 Security solutions for smartphones . 16 9.1 Overall aspects 16 9.2 Syst
21、em improvements 17 9.3 Security tools 19 9.4 Integration of security solutions . 19 Bibliography. 21 iv X series Supplement 19 (04/2013) Introduction Smartphones are proliferating dramatically and have become an indispensable part of daily life, to keep in touch with family members, to conduct busin
22、ess, and to access the Internet and to perform other activities. Different from traditional mobile phones, smartphones have increasingly powerful general purpose processors, a wide spectrum of peripheral connections, and a rich feature set and advanced operating systems with flexible application pro
23、gramming interfaces (APIs), all of which add to concerns about information security. Furthermore, information security concerns have been exacerbated by the availability of rich, third party applications distributed by online application repositories and side-loaded via removable media. With threats
24、 increasing in complexity and quantity, smartphones inevitably have to deal with increasing potential security risks, such as data loss, spyware attacks, virus intrusion, phishing attacks, etc. In order to protect information security of smartphones, significant research and standardization efforts
25、have been made in recent years by a variety of different organizations around the world. These activities generally focus on specific issues, but are insufficient to mitigate security threats to smartphones. Therefore, it is important to standardize smartphone security as a whole, based on existing
26、and potential solutions. This Supplement can be used as a security guideline for mobile operating system providers, smartphone manufacturers, application developers, security researchers and network operators. This Supplement can also be used for smartphone users. In addition, smartphone security is
27、 a combination of solutions and standards from many organizations, such as ITU-T, ETSI, 3GPP, Global Platform, Open Mobile Terminal Platform (OMTP), the Near Field Communication (NFC) Forum and Global System for Mobile communications Association (GSMA). X series Supplement 19 (04/2013) 1 Supplement
28、19 to ITU-T X-series Recommendations ITU-T X.1120-X.1139 series Supplement on security aspects of smartphones 1 Scope This Supplement introduces a common architecture, distinct characteristics and main assets of smartphones. Moreover, this Supplement identifies smartphone threats and categorizes the
29、m into vulnerabilities and attacks. Based on the common architecture, this Supplement specifies a hierarchical security framework for smartphones, and relevant security considerations are specified. With regard to the security framework, this Supplement provides necessary security solutions, includi
30、ng system improvements and security tools. This Supplement mainly focuses on smartphone security, and can be used as a security guideline for mobile operating system providers, smartphone manufacturers, application developers, security researchers and network operators. Subject to agreed upon polici
31、es and applicable national and regional laws and regulations, the means of acquiring personally identifiable information as well as the uses made of the information are specifically out of scope of this Supplement. Neither the acquisition, nor the exchange of personally identifiable information is m
32、andated by this Supplement. The prior explicit and informed consent of the user to acquire or exchange any personally identifiable information may be required by some specific national and regional laws, regulations and policies. Some national and regional laws, regulations and policies may further
33、require the implementation of dedicated mechanisms to protect personally identifiable information. 2 References None. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Supplement uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 access control b-ITU-T X.1252: A procedure used to determine if an entity
34、should be granted access to resources, facilities, services, or information based on pre-established rules and specific rights or authority associated with the requesting party. 3.1.2 attack b-ITU-T H.235.0: The activities undertaken to bypass or exploit deficiencies in a systems security mechanisms
35、. By a direct attack on a system they exploit deficiencies in the underlying algorithms, principles, or properties of a security mechanism. Indirect attacks are performed when they bypass the mechanism, or when they make the system use the mechanism incorrectly. 3.1.3 authentication information b-IT
36、U-T X.800: Information used to establish the validity of a claimed identity. 3.1.4 authorization b-ITU-T X.800: The granting of rights, which includes the granting of access based on access rights. 3.1.5 availability b-ITU-T X.800: The property of being accessible and useable upon demand by an autho
37、rized entity. 3.1.6 confidentiality b-ITU-T X.1521: A security principle that works to ensure that information is not disclosed to unauthorized subjects. 2 X series Supplement 19 (04/2013) 3.1.7 cryptography b-ITU-T X.800: The discipline which embodies principles, means, and methods for the transfor
38、mation of data in order to hide its information content, prevent its undetected modification and/or prevent its unauthorized use. 3.1.8 data integrity b-ITU-T X.800: The property that data has not been altered or destroyed in an unauthorized manner. 3.1.9 encryption b-ITU-T X.800: The cryptographic
39、transformation of data (see cryptography) to produce cipher text. 3.1.10 integrity b-ITU-T X.1521: A security principle that makes sure that information and systems are not modified maliciously or accidentally. 3.1.11 physical security b-ITU-T X.800: The measures used to provide physical protection
40、of resources against deliberate and accidental threats. 3.1.12 privacy b-ITU-T X.800: The right of individuals to control or influence what information related to them may be collected and stored and by whom and to whom that information may be disclosed. 3.1.13 risk b-ITU-T X.1521: The relative impa
41、ct that an exploited vulnerability would have to a users environment. 3.1.14 threat b-ITU-T X.1521: The likelihood or frequency of a harmful event occurring. 3.1.15 vulnerability b-ITU-T X.1500: Any weakness that could be exploited to violate a system or the information it contains. 3.1.16 weakness
42、b-ITU-T X.1500: A shortcoming or imperfection that, while not itself being recognized as a vulnerability, could, at some point become a vulnerability, or could contribute to the introduction of other vulnerabilities. 3.2 Terms defined in this Supplement This Supplement defines the following terms: 3
43、.2.1 mobile phone: An electronic device used for making phone calls and sending text messages across a wide geographic area through radio access to public mobile networks, while allowing the user to be mobile. 3.2.2 near field communication: A short range wireless technology that makes use of intera
44、cting electromagnetic radio fields instead of the typical direct radio transmissions, and which may be used by smartphones and similar devices to establish radio communication with each other by touching them together or bringing them into close proximity. 3.2.3 online application repository: A digi
45、tal application distribution platform available to users for downloading applications and to developers for uploading applications. 3.2.4 privileged mode: The debugging mode for professionals to modify and examine parameters of smartphones. 3.2.5 smartphone: A mobile phone with powerful computing ca
46、pability, heterogeneous connectivity and advanced operating system providing a platform for third-party applications. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Supplement uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: API Application Programming Interface BIOS Basic Input/Output System CF Compact Flash X se
47、ries Supplement 19 (04/2013) 3 CPU Central Processing Unit DoS Denial of Service GPS Global Positioning System HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Transport Layer Security ID Identifier IM Instant Messaging IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
48、 IP Internet Protocol MMS Multimedia Messaging Service NFC Near Field Communication OS Operating System RAM Random Access Memory R-UIM Removable User Identity Module SIM Subscriber Identity Module SMS Short Messaging Service SSL Secure Socket Layer TCP Transmission Control Protocol TLS Transport Lay
49、er Security UIM User Identifier Module USB Universal Serial Bus USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity 5 Conventions None. 6 General aspects 6.1 Security background Smartphones are proliferating dramatically and have become an indispensable part of daily life in recent years. They are used for keeping in touch with family members, conducting business, accessing the Internet and performing other activities. Different from traditional mobile phones, smartphones us
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