1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Series YTELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 16(02/2012) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS ITU-T Y.1900-series Supplement on guidelines on deployment of IP multicast f
2、or IPTV content delivery ITU-T Y-series Recommendations Supplement 16 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network
3、 aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, acc
4、ess, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT
5、 GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Numbering, naming
6、 and addressing Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Smart ubiquitous networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 Future networks Y.3000Y.3099 For further de
7、tails, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Y series Supplement 16 (02/2012) i Supplement 16 to ITU-T Y-series Recommendations ITU-T Y.1900-series Supplement on guidelines on deployment of IP multicast for IPTV content delivery Summary Supplement 16 to ITU-T Y-series Recommendations de
8、scribes the technical guidelines for the deployment of IP multicast technologies for IPTV content delivery. The deployment guidelines identify the technical issues and considerations regarding the capabilities of IP multicast from the perspective of supporting the IPTV services. History Edition Reco
9、mmendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T Y Suppl. 16 2012-02-17 13 ii Y series Supplement 16 (02/2012) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Tel
10、ecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization
11、 Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technolog
12、y which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with
13、 this publication is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language s
14、uch as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the publication is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this publicati
15、on may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development process. As of the date of approval of t
16、his publication, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database
17、 at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Y series Supplement 16 (02/2012) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined
18、 elsewhere 2 3.2 Term defined in this supplement 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 5 Conventions 4 6 Overview 4 7 IP multicast capabilities and issues related to IPTV content delivery 4 7.1 Multicast data delivery . 4 7.2 Multicast group management . 5 7.3 QoS control . 5 7.4 Security . 5 8 Deploymen
19、t guidelines for data delivery 6 8.1 IP multicast models for IPTV . 6 8.2 Multicast routing protocols . 8 8.3 Routing policy for IPTV multicast interoperability . 9 9 Deployment guidelines for group management 10 9.1 IPTV multicast address management . 10 9.2 IGMP policy . 13 9.3 IPTV multicast user
20、 management 15 10 Deployment guidelines for QoS control . 16 10.1 Types of IPTV multicast QoS 16 10.2 End-to-end multicast QoS guarantee policy . 17 10.3 QoS-aware topology for IPTV multicast service . 17 10.4 High availability . 18 10.5 Quality measurement of IPTV services 19 11 Deployment guidelin
21、es for security 20 11.1 Rendezvous point security 20 11.2 PIM router security . 21 11.3 Last-mile PIM router security 21 11.4 Security policy over multicast exchange peers 22 12 Security considerations . 22 iv Y series Supplement 16 (02/2012) Y series Supplement 16 (02/2012) 1 Supplement 16 to ITU-T
22、 Y-series Recommendations ITU-T Y.1900-series Supplement on guidelines on deployment of IP multicast for IPTV content delivery 1 Scope This supplement describes the technical guidelines for the deployment of IP multicast technologies for IPTV content delivery. The deployment guidelines identify the
23、technical issues and considerations regarding the capabilities of IP multicast from the perspective of supporting the IPTV services. This supplement can be used for IPTV content delivery using the network multicast-based content delivery model defined in ITU-T Y.2019 and ITU-T Y.1902. Note that this
24、 supplement mainly focuses on the IP version 4 multicast support. 2 References ITU-T M.60 Recommendation ITU-T M.60 (1993), Maintenance terminology and definitions. ITU-T M.1400 Recommendation ITU-T M.1400 (2006), Designations for interconnections among operators networks. ITU-T Y.1901 Recommendatio
25、n ITU-T Y.1901 (2009), Requirements for the support of IPTV services. ITU-T Y.1902 Recommendation ITU-T Y.1902 (2011), Framework for multicast-based IPTV content delivery. ITU-T Y.1910 Recommendation ITU-T Y.1910 (2008), IPTV functional architecture. ITU-T Y.2019 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2019 (2010),
26、Content delivery functional architecture in NGN. IETF RFC 1112 IETF RFC 1112 (1989), Host Extensions for IP Multicasting. IETF RFC 1584 IETF RFC 1584 (1994), Multicast Extensions to OSPF. IETF RFC 1918 IETF RFC 1918 (1996), Address Allocation for Private Internets. IETF RFC 2201 IETF RFC 2201 (1997)
27、, Core Based Trees (CBT) Multicast Routing Architecture. IETF RFC 2236 IETF RFC 2236 (1997), Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. IETF RFC 2475 IETF RFC 2475 (1998), An Architecture for Differentiated Services. IETF RFC 2710 IETF RFC 2710 (1999), Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6
28、. IETF RFC 2858 IETF RFC 2858 (2000), Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4. IETF RFC 3376 IETF RFC 3376 (2002), Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 3. IETF RFC 3618 IETF RFC 3618 (2003), Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP). IETF RFC 3810 IETF RFC 3810 (2004), Multicast Listener Discover
29、y Version 2 (MLDv2) for Ipv6. IETF RFC 3973 IETF RFC 3973 (2005), Protocol Independent Multicast Dense Mode (PIM-DM): Protocol Specification (Revised). 2 Y series Supplement 16 (02/2012) IETF RFC 4541 IETF RFC 4541 (2006), Considerations for Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Li
30、stener Discovery (MLD) Snooping Switches. IETF RFC 4601 IETF RFC 4601 (2006), Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised). IETF RFC 4604 IETF RFC 4604 (2006), Using Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3) and Multicast Listener Discovery Protoc
31、ol Version 2 (MLDv2) for Source Specific Multicast. IETF RFC 4605 IETF RFC 4605 (2006), Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)/Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)-Based Multicast Forwarding (“IGMP/MLD Proxying“). 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This supplement uses the following terms de
32、fined elsewhere: 3.1.1 broadcast ITU-T M.60: One-way transmission from one point to two or more other points. 3.1.2 content provider ITU-T Y.1910: The entity that owns or is licensed to sell content or content assets. 3.1.3 delivery ITU-T Y.1910: In context of IPTV architecture, “delivery“ is define
33、d as sending contents to an end-user. 3.1.4 distribution ITU-T Y.1910: In context of IPTV architecture, “distribution“ is defined as sending the content to appropriate intermediate locations to enable subsequent delivery. 3.1.5 electronic program guide (EPG) ITU-T Y.1901: A structured set of data, i
34、ntended to provide information on available content that may be accessed by end users. 3.1.6 end user ITU-T Y.1901: The actual user of the products or services. 3.1.7 linear television (linear TV) ITU-T Y.1910: A television service in which a continuous stream flows in real time from the service pro
35、vider to the terminal device and where the user cannot control the temporal order in which contents are viewed. 3.1.8 service provider ITU-T M.1400: A general reference to an operator that provides telecommunication services to customers and other users either on a tariff or contract basis. A servic
36、e provider can optionally operate a network. A service provider can optionally be a customer of another service provider. 3.2 Term defined in this supplement This supplement defines the following term: 3.2.1 IPTV multicast interoperability: The capability to provide stable multicast-based delivery o
37、f IPTV content amongst different IPTV service providers. Y series Supplement 16 (02/2012) 3 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Supplement uses the following abbreviations and acronyms. AS Autonomous System ASM Any Source Multicast BGP Border Gateway Protocol BSR Bootstrap Router CBT Core Based Trees
38、CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing CPE Customer Premises Equipment DNS Domain Name Service DoS Denial of Service DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol ECMP Equal Cost Multiple Path EPG Electronic Program Guide ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
39、 IGP Interior Gateway Protocol ISP Internet Service Provider ISSU In-Service Software Upgrade MAC Media Access Control MBGP Multicast Border Gateway Protocol MD5 Message Digest 5 MLD Multicast Listener Discovery MOSPF Multicast Open Shortest Path First MSDP Multicast Source Discovery Protocol NP Net
40、work Provider OSPF Open Shortest Path First PIM Protocol Independent Multicast PIM-DM Protocol Independent Multicast Dense Mode PIM-SM Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode PoP Points of Presence QoE Quality of Experience QoS Quality of Service RP Rendezvous Point RPF Reverse Path Forwarding SP
41、 Service Provider SSM Source-Specific Multicast 4 Y series Supplement 16 (02/2012) TCP Transport Control Protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol URI Uniform Resource Identifier VLAN Virtual Local Area Network 5 Conventions None. 6 Overview As an essential content distribution methodology for support of
42、IPTV services, IP multicast is required to distribute a large amount of multimedia content to a number of end users simultaneously. Since IP multicast has highly complex capabilities, and is designed for a general purpose, there should be some guidelines on the development or deployment of IPTV serv
43、ices when using IP multicast for content distribution. This supplement describes some technical issues that should be considered in the deployment of IPTV services when using IP multicast for content distribution. By describing several solutions to these issues, this supplement provides technical gu
44、idelines for the deployment of IP multicast-based content distribution for the IPTV services. The capabilities of IP multicast can be categorized into four parts: data delivery, group management, QoS control, and security. Each category of general IP multicast capabilities is briefly described and i
45、ts technical issues are summarized in clause 7. The detailed deployment guidelines for these issues are presented in clauses 8, 9, 10, and 11. 7 IP multicast capabilities and issues related to IPTV content delivery 7.1 Multicast data delivery This capability deals with the delivery of data to multic
46、ast group members. The essential function of multicast data delivery is data forwarding according to the group membership of end users. There are two models for data delivery capability: any source multicast (ASM) and source-specific multicast (SSM). In ASM, the multicast channel is specified by the
47、 multicast group addresses only, regardless of the multicast senders (*, G). ASM is appropriate for the many-to-many delivery model (with multiple sources and multiple receivers in a session). Note, however, that the ASM model has high complexity in terms of management of group membership, globally
48、unique addresses, and rendezvous points (RPs). In contrast, SSM uses a combination of the multicast senders address and the multicast group address for a multicast channel (S, G); hence the easier management of group membership and address in SSM. Note, however, that SSM has a limitation with regard
49、 to the many-to-many delivery model. Since multicast-based IPTV content delivery is based on one-to-many delivery model (with one source and multiple receivers), SSM is more appropriate for support IPTV services. Multicast data is forwarded along a multicast routing tree built by the network elements using a multicast routing protocol. Among multicast routing protocol standards, protocol independent multicast sparse mode (P
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