1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Series YTELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 22(06/2013) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS ITU-T Y.2200 series Supplement on greenhouse gas monitoring services provide
2、d over NGN ITU-T Y-series Recommendations Supplement 22 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300
3、Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network c
4、apabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NE
5、TWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Enhancements to NGN Y.2300Y.239
6、9 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Packet-based Networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 FUTURE NETWORKS Y.3000Y.3499 CLOUD COMPUTING Y.3500Y.3999 For further deta
7、ils, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Y series Supplement 22 (06/2013) i Supplement 22 to ITU-T Y-series Recommendations ITU-T Y.2200 series Supplement on greenhouse gas monitoring services provided over NGN Summary Information communication technologies (ICTs) play an important ro
8、le with regard to greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring. GHG monitoring is an integral part of the global initiative to reduce greenhouse gases in an attempt to resolve climate change issues. The next generation network (NGN) is considered to be a communications platform suited to support the GHG monitori
9、ng task. This supplement describes general aspects of the GHG monitoring issue, and it provides requirements and required functions. In addition, a service model and functional architecture for a GHG monitoring service are presented. NGN-based GHG monitoring service scenarios are also presented. His
10、tory Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID*1.0 ITU-T Y Suppl. 22 2013-06-28 13 11.1002/1000/11975 Keywords Climate change, GHG monitoring. _ *To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations uni
11、que ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Y series Supplement 22 (06/2013) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Teleco
12、mmunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization As
13、sembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology w
14、hich fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with th
15、is publication is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such
16、 as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the publication is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this publication
17、may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development process. As of the date of approval of this
18、 publication, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at
19、 http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Y series Supplement 22 (06/2013) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined el
20、sewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this supplement . 1 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 General description of GHG monitoring services provided over the NGN . 3 7 GHG monitoring service requirements . 5 8 Functional architecture for GHG monitoring services provided over the NGN 6 9 Inter
21、actions between the NGN and GSNs for GHG monitoring 8 10 Service scenarios for the GHG monitoring over the NGN . 8 10.1 GHG inventory management 9 10.2 Provision of the GHG monitoring information to users . 11 10.3 GHG accounting . 12 10.4 GHG reporting 15 11 Security considerations . 18 Appendix I
22、Principles for GHG accounting and reporting . 19 Bibliography. 20 iv Y series Supplement 22 (06/2013) Introduction Climate change has been a major concern for many years. Concerns relate to changes in the weather from what has been the average weather based on empirical data, as well as changes in t
23、he distribution of weather events with respect to an average, greater, or smaller number of extreme weather events. It is man-made climate change which results from the release of GHG (primarily carbon-based emissions), that is of major concern because it appears to be leading to a progressive and a
24、ccelerated warming of the planet. One of the main ways in which ICTs can contribute to reducing GHG emissions is through their use in programmes which are implemented to monitor climate change and measure GHG emissions. GHG emissions can be measured by sensors on the ground, in the air, in vehicles,
25、 on tall towers and in aircraft. Sensors for measuring GHG emissions can be used to form a sensor network. Sensor networks created to monitor and measure GHG emissions, known as GHG sensor networks (GSN), could provide measured data which can be captured and placed into an inventory and may then be
26、provided to service providers. The processed and captured GHG-related data could be appropriately formatted and then provided to users located anywhere in the world using the NGN, which is a global infrastructure. This supplement describes the service model and scenarios for a GHG monitoring service
27、 over an NGN that has an interactive real-time reporting capability and which can cover a wide geographical area such as a mountain, a farmers field, a large forest, a sea, an industrial area or a rural area using GHG sensor networks. Y series Supplement 22 (06/2013) 1 Supplement 22 to ITU-T Y-serie
28、s Recommendations ITU-T Y.2200 series Supplement on greenhouse gas monitoring services provided over NGN 1 Scope This supplement describes greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring systems and how they can be used in conjunction with next generation networks (NGNs) to provide a GHG monitoring service. Specifi
29、cally, this supplement defines: service requirements for GHG monitoring systems which use the NGN a service model for GHG monitoring systems which use the NGN service scenarios for GHG monitoring systems which use the NGN. 2 References ITU-T L.1410 Recommendation ITU-T L.1410 (2012), Methodology for
30、 the assessment of the environmental impact of information and communication technology goods, networks and services. ITU-T L.1420 Recommendation ITU-T L.1420 (2012), Methodology for energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions impact assessment of information and communication technologies in or
31、ganizations. ITU-T Y.2069 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2069 (2012), Terms and definitions for the Internet of things. ITU-T Y.2703 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2703 (2009), The application of AAA service in NGN. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This supplement uses the following terms defined elsewhere
32、: None. 3.2 Terms defined in this supplement This supplement defines the following terms: 3.2.1 certified emission reduction (CER): A type of emissions unit (or carbon credit) issued in support of the clean development mechanism (CDM). 3.2.2 clean development mechanism (CDM): A Kyoto Protocol mechan
33、ism which is discussed in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, and which is intended to assist developing countries in meeting their greenhouse gas emission obligations. 3.2.3 data adaptation function: The data adaptation function enables and facilitates interaction between the GHG inventory provider f
34、unctions and the GHG monitoring service provider functions, by adapting the format of the data from GHG inventory provider functions to that of the GHG monitoring service provider functions. 3.2.4 data analysis function: A function which is required to analyse the raw data from a sensor-based measur
35、ing function to determine, based on the analysed results, the updates that should be made to an inventory database and to perform an update to the inventory database. 2 Y series Supplement 22 (06/2013) 3.2.5 direct GHG emissions: The amount of GHG emissions directly measured by a GSN. 3.2.6 greenhou
36、se gas (GHG): Any one or more of the six gases identified as the major greenhouse gases in the Kyoto Protocol; carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). 3.2.7 GHG inventory: A type of emission inventor
37、y that performs an accounting of the amount of pollutants discharged into the atmosphere, containing the total emissions for one or more specific greenhouse gases or air pollutants, originating from all source categories in a certain geographical area and within a specified time span. 3.2.8 GHG inve
38、ntory provider: A GHG inventory provider owns and maintains a GHG inventory and provides inventory information in response to user requests. 3.2.9 GHG inventory provider functions: The functions required to support a GHG inventory provider. 3.2.10 GHG monitoring: All activities directly related to t
39、he accounting and reporting of direct GHG emissions and indirect GHG reductions. 3.2.11 GHG monitoring service provider: A GHG monitoring service provider offers a service that collects data from GHG inventory providers and transports it via an NGN. 3.2.12 GHG monitoring service provider functions:
40、The functions required to support a GHG monitoring service provider. 3.2.13 GHG sensor network (GSN): The sensor network consisting of systems, elements and nodes that measure the amount of GHG emissions and collect the associated relevant data. 3.2.14 indirect GHG reductions: The amount of GHG redu
41、ctions determined by calculation of factors that indirectly affect GHG emissions. 3.2.15 inventory database: The inventory database is the database that stores GHG emission data which has been produced by a data analysis function. 3.2.16 NGN network provider: An NGN network provider owns the NGN inf
42、rastructure and offers a service which is used to transport the service information, e.g., via an NGN to the users. 3.2.17 network interface function: The network interface function enables the delivery of the service data from GHG monitoring service provider functions over NGN by providing interfac
43、es to the NGN via an application network interface (ANI) or a service network interface (SNI). 3.2.18 sensor-based measuring function: The function required to collect data related to GHG emission measurements from GHG sensor networks and to deliver the collected data to a data analysis function. 3.
44、2.19 service user profile: The service user profile is a database that stores the user data including the user subscription status, billing and logging dates. 3.2.20 user management function: The user management function uses information stored in the service user profile to identify users who are a
45、uthorized users and to grant them access rights to services. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This supplement uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting ANI Application Network Interface CDM Clean Development Mechanism Y series Supplement 22 (06/2013)
46、 3 CER Certified Emission Reduction DB Database GHG Greenhouse Gas GSN GHG Sensor Network NGN Next Generation Network NNI Network Network Interface QoS Quality of Service SNI Service Network Interface UNI User Network Interface 5 Conventions None. 6 General description of GHG monitoring services pro
47、vided over the NGN In order to resolve the issue of GHG emissions causing climate changes, it is essential to consider GHG monitoring services, as the processed and captured GHG-related data could be appropriately formatted and then be provided to users located anywhere in the world using an NGN as
48、the global infrastructure, and in the form of a GHG inventory. GHG inventories are a type of emission inventory that is an account of the amount of pollutants discharged into the atmosphere. They usually contain the total emissions for one or more specific greenhouse gases or air pollutants, origina
49、ting from all sources within a certain geographical area and within a specified time span, usually a specific year. A GHG inventory is generally characterized by the following aspects: the types of activities that cause emissions; the chemical or physical identity of the pollutants included; the geographical area covered; the time period over which emissions are monitored and the methodology used. GHG inventories can be used for both scientific applications and policy processes. Scientists
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