1、 Figure 3 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Series Y TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 30 (01/2016) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS, INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CIT
2、IES ITU-T Y.4250 series Smart sustainable cities Overview of smart sustainable cities infrastructure ITU-T Y-series Recommendations Supplement 30 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS, INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CIT
3、IES GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y
4、.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.
5、1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architect
6、ure Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Enhancements to NGN Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Packet-based Networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.28
7、00Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 FUTURE NETWORKS Y.3000Y.3499 CLOUD COMPUTING Y.3500Y.3999 INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES AND COMMUNITIES General Y.4000Y.4049 Definitions and terminologies Y.4050Y.4099 Requirements and use cases Y.4100Y.4249 Infrastructure, connectivity and
8、networks Y.4250Y.4399 Frameworks, architectures and protocols Y.4400Y.4549 Services, applications, computation and data processing Y.4550Y.4699 Management, control and performance Y.4700Y.4799 Identification and security Y.4800Y.4899 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendat
9、ions. Y series Supplement 30 (01/2016) i Supplement 30 to ITU-T Y-series Recommendations ITU-T Y.4250 series Smart sustainable cities Overview of smart sustainable cities infrastructure Summary Supplement 30 to the ITU-T Y-series Recommendations presents the overview of infrastructure in cities. Gen
10、erally, the city infrastructure can be classified as digital/ICT infrastructure and physical infrastructure. The intelligent improvement of physical infrastructure can be achieved through the widely adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs). In this sense, ICT acts as an enabler
11、to construct smart sustainable cities (SSC). Consequently using ICTs in SSC results in cost and energy saving, increased economic growth, improved quality of life (QoL), and reduced environmental footprint. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T Y Suppl. 30 2016-01-
12、26 20 11.1002/1000/12756 * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Y series Supplement 30 (01/2016) FOREWORD The International Tel
13、ecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and
14、tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Rec
15、ommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publi
16、cation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this publication is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability o
17、r applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance wi
18、th the publication is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this publication may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicabili
19、ty of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development process. As of the date of approval of this publication, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this pu
20、blication. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever,
21、 without the prior written permission of ITU. Y series Supplement 30 (01/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Stakeholders in SSC . 1 1.3 rchitecture of a smart sustainable city . 2 2 References . 7 3 Definitions 8 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 8 5 Digital/ICT in
22、frastructure for SSC . 13 5.1 Network facilities . 13 5.2 ICT facilities: over the top, services, applications and contents 32 5.3 Terminals, sensing and multi-device layer . 36 5.4 Energy efficiency of ICT infrastructure . 54 5.5 Example of designing an open access network for smart cities . 60 5.6
23、 Adaptation to climate change effect . 67 6 Physical infrastructure and its intelligent upgrading 69 6.1 Energy and water 70 6.2 Transportation . 80 6.3 Healthcare . 87 6.4 Public safety and emergency 88 6.5 Education and tourism 98 6.6 Environment and waste management . 98 6.7 Smart building, digit
24、al home 99 7 Planning the national deployment of ICT infrastructure for SSC 103 7.1 Urban growth in the knowledge era and the digital divide 106 7.2 Strategies for the deployment of digital/ICT infrastructure . 107 7.3 Evolution to become a smart sustainable city 110 Y series Supplement 30 (01/2016)
25、 1 Supplement 30 to ITU-T Y-series Recommendations ITU-T Y.4250 series Smart sustainable cities Overview of smart sustainable cities infrastructure 1 Introduction 1.1 Background There are several definitions of a city. A city can be classified according to its population density and its level of urb
26、anization. Both variables are related to the human intervention over a populated area. Those areas with high population density appear to be the most heavily modified when compared with their original landscapes. This reflects the intensity of human activities which have taken place in the area. How
27、ever, defining a city only from a statistical point of view can be misleading. From an economic point of view, the emergence of agglomeration economies causes an increase in productivity and efficiency in a city. Meanwhile, it reduces transportation and communications costs, stimulates the labour di
28、vision and promotes the development of economies of scale and increasing returns to scale. These agglomeration economies partially explain the process of urbanization, since people move to cities when companies move business there. Historically, this process has been associated with two major struct
29、ural changes; firstly, the development of the agricultural and industrial sectors and secondly, the expansion of the services sector. Nowadays, the world is facing a third structural advancement with the development and application of the information and communication technology (ICT). In accordance
30、 with this development, there have been several novel concepts for cities based on ICT. The reputed sociologist, Manuel Castells, an influential thinker on the changes caused by ICT, developed the idea of an informational city. This concept is related to the communication flowswithin a city. It is i
31、mportant to recognize that in order to be part of this ICT based metamorphosis, cities need to incorporate infrastructures that have the capacity to utilize the potential of ICT and combine them with the existing infrastructure (such as building, roads, etc.). For this reason, the “convergence“ ICT
32、idea is applied to the infrastructure for “Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC)“. For instance, electricity networks serve as routes outlined to telecommunications transport networks (which also develops with better control on the electrical system using supervisory control and data management (SCADA) sys
33、tems). The use of buildings for the installation of raised elements such as antennas and base stations is also required. Therefore, ICT acts as an enabler to construct SSC with its intelligent and efficient use of resources being the focus. Consequently using ICTs in SSC results in cost and energy s
34、aving, increased economic growth, improved quality of life (QoL), and reduced environmental footprint. 1.2 Stakeholders in SSC Stakeholders refer to the major players involved in SSC establishment and functioning. The classification of these stakeholders is diverse. In particular, the classification
35、 of interdependent and standalone stakeholders distinguishes public and private institutions, local and supra-local entities, as well as commercial and non-commercial entities. The diagram1 in Figure 1 shows an example of the interrelationships between some key stakeholders. 1 Adapted from “Broadban
36、d and Local Government: evaluation of experiences and recommendations“. United Nations (CEPAL), September 2007. 2 Y series Supplement 30 (01/2016) Figure 1 Relationship between key stakeholders Source: Ministry of Transportation and Communications of Peru. All these actors (and other identifiable on
37、es) will have interests linked to the idea of “Smart Sustainable City“ in order to: Improve the quality of the citizens life. Ensure sustainable economic growth to provide a better standard of life and employment opportunities for the citizens. Improve the welfare of the citizens, which means improv
38、ing the quality of medical care, welfare, physical safety, and education, among others. Establish and implement a responsible and sustainable approach to environmental management. Strengthen measures for the prevention and management of natural disasters, including the ability to reduce the impacts
39、of climate change. Provide an effective mechanism for regulatory compliance and well balanced governance, with policies and standardized processes. A detailed analysis of stakeholders is available in the Technical Report on setting the stage for stakeholders engagement in smart sustainable cities. 1
40、.3 rchitecture of a smart sustainable city The architecture of SSC has been defined in the corresponding Supplement “Smart Sustainable Cities Setting the framework for an ICT architecture“, At a high level, a meta-architecture consists of five layers as depicted in Figure 2. Y series Supplement 30 (
41、01/2016) 3 Figure 2 Multi-tier SSC ICT meta-architecture2 A smart sustainable city can also be considered as a system comprising subsystems and, its ICT architecture (as depicted in Figure 3), where each subsystem addresses a different smart sustainable city service category. Finally, with regard to
42、 its technical definition, it has been seen from different views. Figures 4 and 5 demonstrate the communication view of the SSC ICT architecture, from a physical and an information flow perspective respectively. Please note that both perspectives of this view are multi-tier. 2 According to the Suppl
43、ement “Smart Sustainable Cities Setting the framework for an ICT architecture“ ITU-T Y-Sup. 27. 4 Y series Supplement 30 (01/2016) Figure 3 Subsystems of SSC ICT architecture2 Y series Supplement 30 (01/2016) 5 Figure 4 A multi-tier SSC ICT architecture from communication view (physical perspective)
44、 6 Y series Supplement 30 (01/2016) Figure 5 A multi-tier SSC ICT architecture from communications view (information flow perspective) Both these perspectives concern valid representations of the same architecture, one closer to the language of infrastructure developer the second more in line with t
45、he context required for information system developers. The architecture consists of the following layers (illustrated in Figure 4): Sensing layer: This layer consists of a terminal node and capillary network. Terminals (sensor, transducer, actuator, camera, RFID reader, barcode symbols, GPS tracker,
46、 etc.) are capable of sensing the physical world. They provide the superior “environment-detecting“ ability and intelligence for monitoring and controlling the physical infrastructure within the city. The capillary network (including SCADA, sensor network, HART, WPAN, video surveillance, RFID, GPS r
47、elated network etc.) connects various terminals to the network layer, providing ubiquitous and omnipotent information and data. Network layer: The network layer indicates various networks provided by telecommunication operators, as well as other metro networks provided by city stakeholders and/or en
48、terprise private communication network. It is the “infobahn“, the network layer data and support layer: The data and support layer makes the city “smarter“. Its main purpose is to ensure the support capabilities of various city-level applications and services. Data and support layer contain data cen
49、tres from industries, departments, enterprises, as well as the municipal dynamic data centre and data warehouse, established for the realization of data processing and application support. Application layer: This layer includes various applications that manage SSC and deliver the SSC services. Y series Supplement 30 (01/2016) 7 Operation automation monitoring Presentations layer: It contains the user interfaces (web, Apps, voice commands etc.), which stand between
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