1、 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T T.801TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (08/2002) SERIES T: TERMINALS FOR TELEMATIC SERVICES Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions ITU-T Recommendation T.801 ITU-T Rec. T.801 (08/2002) i INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/I
2、EC 15444-2 ITU-T RECOMMENDATION T.801 Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions Summary This Recommendation | International Standard defines a set of lossless (bit-preserving) and lossy compression methods for coding continuous-tone, bi-level, grey-scale, colour digital still
3、images, or multi-component images. This Recommendation | International Standard: specifies extended decoding processes for converting compressed image data to reconstructed image data; specifies an extended codestream syntax containing information for interpreting the compressed image data; specifie
4、s an extended file format; specifies a container to store image metadata; defines a standard set of image metadata; provides guidance on extended encoding processes for converting source image data to compressed image data; provides guidance on how to implement these processes in practice. Source IT
5、U-T Recommendation T.801 was prepared by ITU-T Study Group 16 (2001-2004) and approved on 29 August 2002. An identical text is also published as ISO/IEC 15444-2. ii ITU-T Rec. T.801 (08/2002) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the fie
6、ld of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The Wo
7、rld Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. I
8、n some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a reco
9、gnized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed In
10、tellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation.
11、However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. ITU 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of IT
12、U. ITU-T Rec. T.801 (08/2002) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards 1 2.2 Additional references 2 3 Definitions 3 4 Abbreviations . 4 5 Symbols 4 6 General description. 5 6.1 Extensions specified by this Recommendation | International Stan
13、dard. 5 6.1.1 Syntax . 5 6.1.2 Variable DC offset 5 6.1.3 Variable scalar quantization 5 6.1.4 Trellis coded quantization. 5 6.1.5 Visual masking 5 6.1.6 Arbitrary decomposition . 5 6.1.7 Arbitrary wavelet transformation 6 6.1.8 Single sample overlap discrete wavelet transformations. 6 6.1.9 Multipl
14、e component transformations 6 6.1.10 Non-linear transformation. 6 6.1.11 Region of interest 6 6.1.12 File format. 6 6.1.13 Metadata definitions 6 6.2 Relation between extensions . 7 Annex A Compressed data syntax, extension. 8 A.1 Extended capabilities 8 A.2 Extensions to ITU-T Rec. T.800 | ISO/IEC
15、15444-1 marker segment parameters . 8 A.2.1 Image and tile size (SIZ), extended. 9 A.2.2 Start of tile-part (SOT) extended. 9 A.2.3 Coding style (COD, COC), extended 10 A.2.4 Quantization (QCD, QCC), extended . 12 A.2.5 Region of interest (RGN), extended 14 A.3 Extended marker segments 15 A.3.1 Vari
16、able DC offset (DCO) 15 A.3.2 Visual masking (VMS) . 16 A.3.3 Downsampling factor styles (DFS). 17 A.3.4 Arbitrary decomposition styles (ADS) 18 A.3.5 Arbitrary transformation kernels (ATK) . 19 A.3.6 Component bit depth definition (CBD). 21 A.3.7 Multiple component transformation definition (MCT) .
17、 22 A.3.8 Multiple component transform collection (MCC). 23 A.3.9 Multiple component transform ordering (MCO). 26 A.3.10 Non-linearity point transformation (NLT) 27 A.3.11 Quantization default, precinct (QPD) 29 A.3.12 Quantization precinct component (QPC) 30 Annex B Variable DC offset, extension .
18、33 B.1 Variable DC offset flow 33 B.2 Inverse DC offset 33 B.3 Forward DC offset (informative) 33 Annex C Variable scalar quantization, extension . 35 C.1 Variable scalar quantization 35 C.2 Variable scalar dequantization for irreversible filters . 35 C.3 Variable scalar quantization for irreversibl
19、e filters (informative). 36 iv ITU-T Rec. T.801 (08/2002) Page Annex D Trellis coded quantization extensions . 37 D.1 Introduction to TCQ 37 D.2 Sequence definition. 39 D.3 Forward TCQ quantization (informative) . 39 D.4 Inverse quantization (normative) 41 D.4.1 Full TCQ dequantization. 41 D.4.2 App
20、roximate dequantization . 43 D.5 Lagrangian rate allocation (informative). 44 Annex E Visual masking, extensions 49 E.1 Introduction to visual masking (informative) 49 E.2 Point-wise extended non-linearity (informative). 49 E.3 Decoding with visual masking 51 E.4 Encoding with visual masking (inform
21、ative) 52 E.5 Setting parameters (informative). 52 E.6 Compatibility with other technologies (informative) 53 Annex F Arbitrary decomposition of tile-components, extensions. 54 F.1 Wavelet sub-bands 54 F.1.1 Tier 1: Number of decomposition levels. 54 F.1.2 Tier 2: Resolution formation. 54 F.1.3 Tier
22、 3: Sub-level decompositions 54 F.1.4 Tier 4: Horizontal and vertical splits to variable sub-level depths 54 F.1.5 Complete sub-band notation . 55 F.1.6 HorOrient, VerOrient and PrimeOrient sub-band operators . 55 F.2 Equation, text and decomposition updates 55 F.2.1 Updates to NLLL references . 56
23、F.2.2 Context updates. 56 F.2.3 Extension to ITU.T Rec. T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 Equation B-14 56 F.2.4 Remaining updates 57 F.2.5 Updates to decomposition structure 61 F.3 Inverse discrete wavelet transformation for general decompositions 66 F.3.1 Modified IDWT procedure . 67 F.3.2 Modified 2D_SR pr
24、ocedure 68 F.3.3 Modified 2D_INTERLEAVE procedure 69 F.4 Forward discrete wavelet transformation for general decompositions (informative) 73 F.4.1 Modified FDWT procedure. 73 F.4.2 Modified 2D_SD procedure 74 F.4.3 Modified 2D_DEINTERLEAVE procedure . 75 Annex G Whole-sample symmetric transformation
25、 of images, extensions 80 G.1 Wavelet transformation parameters, definitions and normalizations 80 G.2 Whole-sample symmetric (WS) wavelet transformations reconstruction . 80 G.2.1 Normalization of WS wavelet transformations . 80 G.2.2 One-dimensional sub-band reconstruction procedure for WS wavelet
26、 transformations 81 G.3 Whole-sample symmetric (WS) wavelet transformation decomposition (informative) 84 G.3.1 The 1D_SD_WS procedure (informative) 84 G.3.2 The 1D_FILTD_WS one-dimensional decomposition procedure (informative) 84 G.4 Examples of WS wavelet transformations (informative) 86 G.4.1 Rev
27、ersible WS wavelet transformations (WT_Typ = REV) (informative) 86 G.4.2 Irreversible WS wavelet transformations (WT_Typ = IRR) (informative) 87 Annex H Transformation of images using arbitrary wavelet transformations 89 H.1 Wavelet transformation parameters and normalizations . 89 H.1.1 Normalizati
28、on of ARB wavelet transformations. 89 H.1.2 Compatibility of ARB and WS wavelet transformations 89 ITU-T Rec. T.801 (08/2002) v Page H.2 Arbitrary (ARB) wavelet transformation reconstruction procedures 90 H.2.1 The extended 1D_SR_ARB procedure . 90 H.2.2 The 1D_SCALER procedure 91 H.2.3 The 1D_STEPR
29、 procedure 92 H.2.4 Extension procedures 92 H.2.5 One-dimensional reconstruction update filtering procedures 94 H.3 Arbitrary (ARB) wavelet transformation decomposition procedures (informative) . 95 H.3.1 Extended 1D_SD_ARB procedure (informative) . 95 H.3.2 The 1D_STEPD procedure (informative) . 96
30、 H.3.3 Extension procedures (informative) 97 H.3.4 One-dimensional decomposition update procedures (informative). 97 H.3.5 1D_SCALED procedure (informative) . 98 H.4 Examples of ARB wavelet transformations (informative) 99 H.4.1 Examples of arbitrary wavelet transformations (Filt_Cat = ARB) (informa
31、tive) . 99 H.4.2 Example of a structure for lifting implementation of half-sample symmetric wavelet transformations (informative) . 101 Annex I Single sample overlap discrete wavelet transform, extensions . 103 I.1 Introduction to single sample overlapping 103 I.2 The code-block anchor points (CBAP)
32、 extension . 103 I.2.1 Division of resolution levels in precincts 103 I.2.2 Division of the sub-bands into codeblocks 104 I.2.3 Resolution level-position-component-layer progression. 105 I.2.4 Position-component-resolution level-layer progression 106 I.2.5 Component-position-resolution level-layer p
33、rogression . 106 I.3 The SSO extension 107 I.3.1 Single sample overlap inverse discrete wavelet transformation (SSO-IDWT) . 107 I.3.2 Single sample overlap forward discrete wavelet transformation (informative) 110 I.3.3 Selection of single sample overlap parameters (informative) . 112 I.3.4 SSO exam
34、ples (informative) . 113 I.4 The TSSO extension . 115 I.4.1 Signalling for the TSSO 115 I.4.2 Partitioning of the image into single-sample overlapping tiles . 115 I.4.3 Reconstruction of images samples from reconstructed tiles . 116 I.5 Combining the SSO and TSSO extensions (informative) . 116 Annex
35、 J Multiple component transformations, extension. 117 J.1 Introduction to multiple component transformation concepts. 117 J.2 Overview of inverse processing 117 J.2.1 Inverse multiple component transformation (MCO_TRANSFORM). 118 J.2.2 Multiple component transformation stage (MCC_TRANS) . 119 J.2.3
36、Transformation component collection (CC_TRANS). 121 J.3 Transformations 123 J.3.1 Array-based transforms. 124 J.3.2 Wavelet-based transformation. 132 Annex K Non-linear transformation . 134 K.1 Signallng the use of the non-linear transformations 134 K.1.1 Decoded component reconstruction 134 K.1.2 B
37、it depth and interaction with the multiple component transformation 134 K.1.3 Marker interpretation 135 K.2 Non-linear transformation specifications 135 K.2.1 Gamma-style non-linearity 135 K.2.2 LUT-style reverse non-linearity transformation 137 Annex L Region of interest coding and extraction, exte
38、nsions. 139 L.1 Decoding of ROI. 139 L.2 Description of the Scaling based method 139 L.2.1 Encoding with ROI (informative) . 139 vi ITU-T Rec. T.801 (08/2002) Page L.3 Region of interest mask generation. 140 L.3.1 Rectangular mask generation on the reference grid 141 L.3.2 Elliptic mask generation o
39、n the reference grid 141 L.3.3 Region of Interest mask generation of whole-sample symmetric filter banks 142 L.3.4 Region of Interest mask generation of arbitrary optional filter banks. 142 L.3.5 Fast generation of a rectangular mask (informative). 143 L.4 Remarks on region of interest coding 145 L.
40、4.1 Usage together with Maxshift method described in ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 . 145 L.4.2 Multi-component remark (informative) 145 L.4.3 Implementation Precision remark (informative) . 145 Annex M JPX extended file format syntax. 146 M.1 File format scope. 146 M.2 Introduction to JPX . 146 M.2.
41、1 File identification 146 M.2.2 File organization . 146 M.2.3 Greyscale/Colour/multi-component specification. 147 M.2.4 Specification of opacity information. 147 M.2.5 Metadata 147 M.2.6 Storage of a codestream within JPX . 147 M.2.7 Combining multiple codestreams 147 M.3 Greyscale/Colour/Palette/mu
42、lti-component specification architecture . 148 M.3.1 Extensions to the Colour Specification box header. 148 M.3.2 Extensions to the Enumerated method 148 M.3.3 Any ICC method . 148 M.3.4 Vendor Colour method 148 M.3.5 Palettized colour 149 M.3.6 Using multiple methods 149 M.3.7 Interactions with the
43、 decorrelating multiple component transformation. 149 M.4 Fragmenting the codestream between one or more files . 149 M.5 Combining multiple codestreams 151 M.5.1 Mapping codestreams to compositing layers 151 M.5.2 Sharing header and metadata information between codestreams and compositing layers 152
44、 M.5.3 Composition 152 M.6 Using reader requirements masks to determine how a file can be used 154 M.6.1 Types of expressions. 155 M.6.2 Expression representation . 155 M.6.3 Testing an Implementation against Requirements Expressions 160 M.7 Extensions to the JPX file format and the registration of
45、extensions 161 M.7.1 Registration elements 161 M.7.2 Differentiation between publication and registration 162 M.7.3 Items which can be extended by registration 162 M.7.4 Published items . 164 M.7.5 Registration process 165 M.7.6 Timeframes for the registration process 165 M.8 Differences from the JP
46、2 binary definition . 165 M.9 Conformance. 166 M.9.1 Interpretation of JPX data structures. 166 M.9.2 Support for JPX feature set . 166 M.10 Key to graphical descriptions (informative) 168 M.11 Defined boxes . 168 M.11.1 Reader Requirements box . 171 M.11.2 Data Reference box. 174 M.11.3 Fragment Ta
47、ble box (superbox) 174 M.11.4 Cross-Reference box . 175 M.11.5 JP2 Header box (superbox) . 176 M.11.6 Codestream Header box (superbox) 178 M.11.7 Compositing Layer Header box (superbox) 179 M.11.8 Contiguous Codestream box . 190 M.11.9 Media Data box. 191 ITU-T Rec. T.801 (08/2002) vii Page M.11.10
48、Composition box (superbox). 191 M.11.11 Association box (superbox). 194 M.11.12 Number List box . 196 M.11.13 Label box 197 M.11.14 Binary Filter box . 197 M.11.15 Desired Reproductions box (superbox). 198 M.11.16 ROI Description box . 199 M.11.17 Digital Signature box 200 M.11.18 XML box 202 M.11.1
49、9 MPEG-7 Binary box . 203 M.11.20 Free box 203 M.12 Dealing with unknown boxes 203 M.13 Using the JPX file format in conjunction with other multi-media standards (informative) 203 Annex N JPX file format extended metadata definition and syntax. 204 N.1 Introduction to extended metadata 204 N.2 Additional references for extended metadata 204 N.3 Scope of metadata definitions . 204 N.3.1 Image Creation metadata. 205 N.3.2 Content Description metadata . 205 N.3.3 History metadata . 205 N.3.
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