1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T X.520TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/2012) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY Directory Information technology Open Systems Interconnection The Directory: Selected attribute types Recommendation ITU-T X.52
2、0 ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities X.1X.19 Interfaces X.20X.49 Transmission, signalling and switching X.50X.89 Network aspects X.90X.149 Maintenance X.150X.179 Administrative arrangements X.180X.199 OPE
3、N SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION Model and notation X.200X.209 Service definitions X.210X.219 Connection-mode protocol specifications X.220X.229 Connectionless-mode protocol specifications X.230X.239 PICS proformas X.240X.259 Protocol Identification X.260X.269 Security Protocols X.270X.279 Layer Managed Ob
4、jects X.280X.289 Conformance testing X.290X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General X.300X.349 Satellite data transmission systems X.350X.369 IP-based networks X.370X.379 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400X.499 DIRECTORY X.500X.599OSI NETWORKING AND SYSTEM ASPECTS Networking X.600X.629 Efficiency X.63
5、0X.639 Quality of service X.640X.649 Naming, Addressing and Registration X.650X.679 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) X.680X.699 OSI MANAGEMENT Systems management framework and architecture X.700X.709 Management communication service and protocol X.710X.719 Structure of management information X.7
6、20X.729 Management functions and ODMA functions X.730X.799 SECURITY X.800X.849 OSI APPLICATIONS Commitment, concurrency and recovery X.850X.859 Transaction processing X.860X.879 Remote operations X.880X.889 Generic applications of ASN.1 X.890X.899 OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900X.999 INFORMATION A
7、ND NETWORK SECURITY X.1000X.1099 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1100X.1199 CYBERSPACE SECURITY X.1200X.1299 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1300X.1399 CYBERSECURITY INFORMATION EXCHANGE X.1500X.1599 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T X.520 (10/2
8、012) i INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 9594-6 RECOMMENDATION ITU-T X.520 Information technology Open Systems Interconnection The Directory: Selected attribute types Summary Recommendation ITU-T X.520 | ISO/IEC 9594-6 defines a number of attribute types and matching rules which may be found useful acr
9、oss a range of applications of the Directory. One particular use for many of the attributes defined is in the formation of names, particularly for the classes of objects defined in Rec. ITU-T X.521 | ISO/IEC 9594-7. Other attributes types, called notification attributes, provide diagnostic informati
10、on. This Recommendation | International Standard defines context types which supply characteristics associated with attribute values. It also includes definitions for LDAP syntaxes relevant for attribute types and matching rules. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T X.520 19
11、88-11-25 2.0 ITU-T X.520 1993-11-16 7 3.0 ITU-T X.520 1997-08-09 7 3.1 ITU-T X.520 (1997) Technical Cor. 1 2000-03-31 7 3.2 ITU-T X.520 (1997) Amd. 1 2000-03-31 7 3.3 ITU-T X.520 (1997) Technical Cor. 2 2001-02-02 7 3.4 ITU-T X.520 (1997) Technical Cor. 3 2002-04-13 17 4.0 ITU-T X.520 2001-02-02 7 4
12、.1 ITU-T X.520 (2001) Technical Cor. 1 2002-04-13 17 4.2 ITU-T X.520 (2001) Technical Cor. 2 2005-11-29 17 4.3 ITU-T X.520 (2001) Cor. 3 2008-05-29 17 5.0 ITU-T X.520 2005-08-29 17 5.1 ITU-T X.520 (2005) Cor. 1 2008-05-29 17 5.2 ITU-T X.520 (2005) Cor. 2 2008-11-13 17 5.3 ITU-T X.520 (2005) Cor. 3 2
13、011-02-13 17 5.4 ITU-T X.520 (2005) Cor. 4 2012-04-13 17 6.0 ITU-T X.520 2008-11-13 17 6.1 ITU-T X.520 (2008) Cor. 1 2011-02-13 17 6.2 ITU-T X.520 (2008) Cor. 2 2012-04-13 17 6.3 ITU-T X.520 (2008) Cor. 3 2012-10-14 17 7.0 ITU-T X.520 2012-10-14 17 ii Rec. ITU-T X.520 (10/2012) FOREWORD The Internat
14、ional Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, opera
15、ting and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, pr
16、oduce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In t
17、his Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g.,
18、interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not sugge
19、st that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evide
20、nce, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which ma
21、y be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
22、 reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T X.520 (10/2012) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards 1 2.2 Other references 2 2.3 ISO/IEC Standards 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Abbreviation
23、s . 3 5 Conventions 3 6 Definition of selected attribute types 5 6.1 System attribute types . 5 6.2 Labelling attribute types 5 6.3 Geographical attribute types 8 6.4 Organizational attribute types . 10 6.5 Explanatory attribute types 11 6.6 Postal addressing attribute types . 13 6.7 Telecommunicati
24、ons addressing attribute types 14 6.8 Preferences attribute types 18 6.9 OSI application attribute types 18 6.10 Relational attribute types . 19 6.11 Domain attribute types 20 6.12 Hierarchical attribute types . 20 6.13 Attributes for applications using tag-based identification . 21 6.14 Notificatio
25、n attributes 25 6.15 LDAP defined attribute types 29 7 String preparation . 30 7.1 Transcode 30 7.2 Map . 30 7.3 Normalize 30 7.4 Prohibit 30 7.5 Check bidi . 31 7.6 Insignificant Character Removal . 31 8 Definition of matching rules . 31 8.1 String matching rules 31 8.2 Syntax-based matching rules
26、. 34 8.3 Time matching rules 37 8.4 First component matching rules 38 8.5 Word matching rules . 39 8.6 Approximate Matching Rules . 42 8.7 Special Matching Rules . 42 8.8 Zonal Match 42 8.9 uri Match . 45 8.10 LDAP defined matching rules . 46 9 Definition of syntaxes 47 9.1 Directory syntaxes . 47 9
27、.2 IETF syntaxes . 47 10 Definition of Context Types . 53 10.1 Language Context . 53 10.2 Temporal Context 53 10.3 Locale Context 57 10.4 LDAP Attribute Option Context . 57 Annex A Selected attribute types in ASN.1 58 iv Rec. ITU-T X.520 (10/2012) Page Annex B Summary of attribute types 86 Annex C U
28、pper bounds 87 Annex D Alphabetical index of attributes, matching rules and contexts 88 Annex E Examples for zonal match matching rules . 90 Annex F Mapping Object Identifiers and Uniform Resource Names into Distinguished Names . 92 F.1 Scope of this annex . 92 F.2 Object identifier resolution 92 F.
29、3 Uniform Resource Name (URN) resolution 93 Annex G Object identifier based Directory names . 96 G.1 Scope of annex 96 G.2 Transformation of object identifiers into Directory names . 96 G.3 The use of object-identifier-based Directory names 96 Annex H Amendments and corrigenda . 98 Rec. ITU-T X.520
30、(10/2012) v Introduction This Recommendation | International Standard, together with other Recommendations | International Standards, has been produced to facilitate the interconnection of information processing systems to provide directory services. A set of such systems, together with the director
31、y information that they hold, can be viewed as an integrated whole, called the Directory. The information held by the Directory, collectively known as the Directory Information Base (DIB), is typically used to facilitate communication between, with or about objects such as application entities, peop
32、le, terminals, and distribution lists. The Directory plays a significant role in Open Systems Interconnection, whose aim is to allow, with a minimum of technical agreement outside of the interconnection standards themselves, the interconnection of information processing systems: from different manuf
33、acturers; under different managements; of different levels of complexity; and of different ages. This Recommendation | International Standard defines a number of attribute types which may be found useful across a range of applications of the Directory, as well as a number of standard attribute synta
34、xes and matching rules. One particular use for many of the attributes defined herein is in the formation of names, particularly for the classes of objects defined in Rec. ITU-T X.521 | ISO/IEC 9594-7. This Recommendation | International Standard provides the foundation frameworks upon which industry
35、 profiles can be defined by other standards groups and industry forums. Many of the features defined as optional in these frameworks may be mandated for use in certain environments through profiles. This seventh edition technically revises and enhances the sixth edition of this Recommendation | Inte
36、rnational Standard. This seventh edition specifies versions 1 and 2 of the Directory protocols. The first and second editions specified only version 1. Most of the services and protocols specified in this edition are designed to function under version 1. However some enhanced services and protocols,
37、 e.g., signed errors, will not function unless all Directory entities involved in the operation have negotiated version 2. Whichever version has been negotiated, differences between the services and between the protocols defined in the six editions, except for those specifically assigned to version
38、2, are accommodated using the rules of extensibility defined in Rec. ITU-T X.519 | ISO/IEC 9594-5. Annex A, which is an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, provides the ASN.1 notation for the complete module which defines the attributes, attribute syntaxes and matching rul
39、es. Annex B, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, provides a table of attribute types, for easy reference. Annex C, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, provides an example of upper bounds value constraints. These co
40、nstraints are not reflected in these Directory Specifications, but are provided as a reference for those implementations applying these constraints. Annex D, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, lists alphabetically the attributes and matching rules defined
41、in this Directory Specification. Annex E, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, gives examples relevant to the definition of zonal matching. Annex F, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, describes how a directory dist
42、inguished name may be based on object identifiers and on Uniform Resource Names (URNs). Annex G, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, describes an alternative way of generating directory distinguished based on object identifiers. It contains information retr
43、ieved from Rec. ITU-T X.660 | ISO/IEC 9834-1. Annex H, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, lists the amendments and defect reports that have been incorporated to form this edition of this Recommendation | International Standard. ISO/IEC 9594-6:2014 (E) Rec.
44、 ITU-T X.520 (10/2012) 1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD RECOMMENDATION ITU-T Information technology Open Systems Interconnection The Directory: Selected attribute types SECTION 1 GENERAL 1 Scope This Recommendation | International Standard defines a number of attribute types and matching rules which may be
45、found useful across a range of applications of the Directory. Attribute types and matching rules fall into three categories, as described below. Some attribute types and matching rules are used by a wide variety of applications or are understood and/or used by the Directory itself. NOTE 1 It is reco
46、mmended that an attribute type or matching rule defined in this Recommendation | International Standard be used, in preference to the generation of a new one, whenever it is appropriate for the application. NOTE 2 The attribute and context types definitions by this Recommendation | International Sta
47、ndard have some associated semantics. Such specifications should not be used in situations where these semantics do not apply. Some attribute types and matching rules are internationally standardized, but are application-specific. These are defined in the standards associated with the application co
48、ncerned. Any administrative authority can define its own attribute types and matching rules for any purpose. These are not internationally standardized, and are available to others beyond the administrative authority which created them only through bilateral agreement. 2 Normative references The fol
49、lowing Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation | International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Recommendation | International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommenda
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